Kim Jong-il
Kim Jong-il | |
|---|---|
김정일 | |
Official portrait issued after his death, 2011 | |
| Supreme Leader of North Korea | |
| In office 8 July 1994 – 17 December 2011[1] | |
| Premier | Hong Song-nam Pak Pong-ju Kim Yong-il Choe Yong-rim |
| Preceded by | Kim Il-sung (as President) |
| Succeeded by | Kim Jong-un |
| General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea | |
| In office 8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011 | |
| Deputy | Kim Yong-nam Choe Yong-rim Jo Myong-rok Ri Yong-ho |
| Preceded by | Kim Il-sung |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished (Proclaimed Eternal Party General Secretary after his death) |
| Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea | |
| In office 9 April 1993 – 17 December 2011 | |
| Deputy | Jo Myong-rok |
| Preceded by | Kim Il-sung |
| Succeeded by | Position abolished as Kim Jong-il was declared as the Eternal Chairman on 13 April 2012 |
| Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army | |
| In office 24 December 1991 – 17 December 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Kim Il-sung |
| Succeeded by | Kim Jong-un[2] |
| Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Workers' Party | |
| In office 8 October 1997 – 17 December 2011 | |
| Deputy | Kim Jong-un Ri Yong-ho |
| Preceded by | Kim Il-sung |
| Succeeded by | Kim Jong-un |
| First Vice Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea | |
| In office 24 May 1990 – 9 April 1993 | |
| Leader | Kim Il-sung |
| Preceded by | Position created |
| Succeeded by | O Chin-u |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 February 1941 Vyatskoye, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (Soviet records) 16 February 1942 Baekdu Mountain, Japanese Korea (North Korean biography)[a] |
| Died | 17 December 2011 (aged 70) Pyongyang,[3] Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| Resting place | Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea |
| Political party | Workers' Party of Korea |
| Spouse(s) | Kim Young-sook (1974–2011) |
| Domestic partner | Song Hye-rim (1968–2002) Ko Young-hee (1977–2004) Kim Ok (2004–2011) |
| Children | Kim Sul-song Kim Jong-nam Kim Jong-chul Kim Jong-un Kim Yo-jong |
| Alma mater | Mangyongdae Revolutionary School Kim Il-sung University |
| Signature | |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | |
| Branch/service | Korean People's Army |
| Years of service | 1991–2011 |
| Rank | Taewonsu (대원수, roughly translated as Grand Marshal or Generalissimo) |
| Commands | Supreme Commander |
| Korean name | |
| Chosŏn'gŭl | 김정일 |
| Hancha | |
| Revised Romanization | Gim Jeong(-)il |
| McCune–Reischauer | Kim Chŏngil |
Kim Jong-il, birth name Yuri Irsenovich Kim (according to the Soviet Union's records)[4][5][6][7] (Hangul: 김정일; Hanja: 金正日, 16 February 1941 – 17 December 2011) was the Supreme Leader of Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) from the time of his father's death in 1994 until his own death in 2011. He was the son of Kim Il-Sŏng. Official North Korean propaganda said that Jong-il was born on Mount Paektu (a holy mountain in Korea); but most historians think that he was born near Chabarowsk in the Soviet Union. The North Korean laws made him permanent ruler of North Korea for life. He was sometimes referred to as the "Dear Leader", but this was not an official title. His official title was "Chairman of the National Defense Commission of North Korea", "Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army" and "General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea". Many people in North Korea were imprisoned or killed for speaking out against the Kim regime. Almost everyone in North Korea wore a small pin with a picture of Kim Jŏng-Il or Kim Il-Sŏng on it.
The North Korean government told people of his death through the state media on 19 December 2011. It was said that he had died two days earlier of "physical and mental over-work".[8][9]
Early life
[change | change source]Kim Jong-il was born as Yuri Irsenovich Kim on 16 February 1941 or 1942 in either Korea or the USSR . He was the son of Kim Il-Sung is was responsible for the Korean War in 1950-1953 .
Leader of North Korea
[change | change source]Rising through the ranks
[change | change source]In 1974 Kim Il-sung designated Kim Jong-il as his successor, solidifying the leadership transition within North Korea. Kim Jong-il's rise to power was marked by his gradual ascent within the North Korean political hierarchy. He began his official political career in the mid-1970s, holding various positions in the ruling Workers' Party of Korea. Over the years, he consolidated his influence and took on key roles in military and propaganda departments. By 1994, he succeeded his father, Kim Il-sung, as the Supreme Leader of North Korea.
Rule (1994 – 2011)
[change | change source]Following Kim Il-Sung's death in 1994, Kim Jong-il became North Korea's 2nd Supreme Leader. During his rule, North Korea experienced a devastating famine which resulted in millions of deaths due to starvation. In the early 2000s, Kim oversaw the development of nuclear weapons with a series of missile tests by launching rockets of the coast of Japan and South Korea. His "Military-First" policy exacerbated economic challenges, leading to widespread hardship for the North Korean people and political repression.
Personal life
[change | change source]Kim Jong-il was a Stalinist. He believed in the North Korean Communist philosophy of Juche (self-reliance). He was afraid to travel on aeroplanes and traveled only on trains. He was well known for his love of movies and luxury goods, especially caviar and Hennessey brand cognac, even though North Korea was one of the poorest countries in the world. Former United States Secretary of State Madeleine Albright once gave Jong-il a present of a basketball signed by Michael Jordan when he visited North Korea because Jong-il was a fan of the National Basketball Association and of Michael Jordan.
Death
[change | change source]On the morning of 17 December 2011, at the age of 69 or 70, Jong-il died of a heart attack while traveling. His funeral was held on 28 December, and as a result, Kim Jong-un was then elected as the new leader of North Korea. On 13 April 2012, Kim Jong-il was made Eternal Chairman of the National Defence Commission and Eternal General Secretary of the Workers Party of Korea.
References
[change | change source]- ↑ "North Korea backs son after Kim Jong-Il death". Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ↑ "North Korea: Kim Jong-un hailed 'Supreme Commander'". BBC News. 24 December 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
- ↑ "Kim jong il death place - Google Search". www.google.com.
- ↑ Chung, Byoung-sun (22 August 2002), "Sergeyevna Remembers Kim Jong Il", The Chosun Ilbo, archived from the original on 11 March 2007, retrieved 19 February 2007
- ↑ Sheets, Lawrence (12 February 2004), "A Visit to Kim Jong Il's Russian Birthplace", National Public Radio, retrieved 19 February 2007
- ↑ "CNN.com". CNN. Archived from the original on 2020-10-04. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ↑ "LIFE - TIME". Archived from the original on 2018-02-27. Retrieved 2019-02-11 – via time.com.
- ↑ "N Korean leader Kim Jong-il dies". BBC News. 19 December 2011. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ↑ "North Korean Leader Kim Jong Il, 69, Has Died". Salon. 19 December 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
Other websites
[change | change source]| Definitions from Wiktionary | |
| Media from Commons | |
| News stories from Wikinews | |
| Quotations from Wikiquote | |
| Source texts from Wikisource | |
| Textbooks from Wikibooks | |
| Learning resources from Wikiversity | |
- Kim Jong Il: Brief HistoryPDF (893 KiB) – Foreign Languages Publishing House, Pyongyang DPR Korea (1998)
- Born in the USSR Archived 2005-03-08 at the Wayback Machine – Kim Jong-il's childhood.
- The many family secrets of Kim Jong Il Archived 2005-02-13 at the Wayback Machine
- "Hidden Daughter" Visits Kim Jong-il Every Year (also includes photos of Kim during his youth)
- Kim's family tree Archived 2013-08-01 at the Wayback Machine (in Korean)