Left-wing fascism

Left-wing fascism (or left fascism)^[1] is the contested^[2] idea that left-wing politics can emulate and practice the ideology of fascism. Fascism is traditionally identified as a far-right ideology.^[3]^[4]^[5] Left-wing fascism was first discussed in the 1960s as a critique of communist student movements.^[6]^[7] Today, the term is related to red facism, that equates Stalinism and other variants of Marxism–Leninism with fascism.^[8]^[9]. The term has been discussed academically by sociologists such as Jürgen Habermas^[7] and Irving Louis Horowitz.^[10]

References

↑ Winners and Losers: Social and Political Polarities in America By Irving Louis Horowitz Published by Duke University Press, 1984 ISBN 0822306026, 9780822306023 328 pages pp 219 et seq [1]
↑
- Blazak, Randy (2022), Perry, Barbara; Gruenewald, Jeff; Scrivens, Ryan (eds.), "Understanding Extremism: Frames of Analysis of the Far Right", Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 21–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99804-2_2, ISBN 978-3-030-99804-2, retrieved 2024-10-15
- Coupland, Philip M. (2005), Copsey, Nigel; Renton, David (eds.), "'Left-Wing Fascism' in Theory and Practice", British Fascism, the Labour Movement and the State, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 95–117, doi:10.1057/9780230522763_6, ISBN 978-0-230-52276-3, retrieved 2024-10-15
- Duford, Rochelle (2019-04). "'Who is a Negator of History?' Revisiting the Debate over Left Fascism 50 Years after 1968". Journal of the American Philosophical Association. 5 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1017/apa.2018.39. ISSN 2053-4477. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
- Davies, Garth; Zdjelar, Vanja (2023), Zúquete, José Pedro (ed.), "The Evolution of Left-Wing Extremism in the West", The Palgrave Handbook of Left-Wing Extremism, Volume 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–54, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30897-0_2, ISBN 978-3-031-30897-0, retrieved 2024-10-15 {{citation}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 37 (help)
↑ Peter Davies; Derek Lynch (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge. pp. 1–5.
↑ Roger Griffin. Fascism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 8, 307.
↑ "Fascism". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 August 2022.
↑ "The Platypus Affiliated Society – 1968". platypus1917.org. Retrieved 2024-10-14.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Gandesha, Samir (2019-12). "The "Authoritarian Personality" Reconsidered: the Phantom of "Left Fascism"". American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 79 (4): 601–624. doi:10.1057/s11231-019-09227-w. ISSN 1573-6741. PMID 31745203. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
↑ Maddux, Tomas R. (1 November 1977). "Red Fascism, Brown Bolshevism: The American Image of Tolatitarianinsm in the 1930s". The Historian. 40 (1). Informa UK Limited: 85–103. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1977.tb01210.x. ISSN 0018-2370. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
↑ Adler & Paterson 1970, p. 1046.
↑ Horowitz, Irving Louis (1988), Hook, Sidney; O’Neill, William L.; O’Toole, Roger (eds.), "Left-Wing Fascism and Right-Wing Communism: The Fission—Fusion Effect in American Extremist Ideologies", Philosophy, History and Social Action: Essays in Honor of Lewis Feuer with an autobiographic essay by Lewis Feuer, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 245–266, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2873-2_11, ISBN 978-94-009-2873-2, retrieved 2024-10-14

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[1] Winners and Losers: Social and Political Polarities in America By Irving Louis Horowitz Published by Duke University Press, 1984 ISBN 0822306026, 9780822306023 328 pages pp 219 et seq [1]

[2] 
Blazak, Randy (2022), Perry, Barbara; Gruenewald, Jeff; Scrivens, Ryan (eds.), "Understanding Extremism: Frames of Analysis of the Far Right", Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 21–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99804-2_2, ISBN 978-3-030-99804-2, retrieved 2024-10-15

Coupland, Philip M. (2005), Copsey, Nigel; Renton, David (eds.), "'Left-Wing Fascism' in Theory and Practice", British Fascism, the Labour Movement and the State, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 95–117, doi:10.1057/9780230522763_6, ISBN 978-0-230-52276-3, retrieved 2024-10-15

Duford, Rochelle (2019-04). "'Who is a Negator of History?' Revisiting the Debate over Left Fascism 50 Years after 1968". Journal of the American Philosophical Association. 5 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1017/apa.2018.39. ISSN 2053-4477. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

Davies, Garth; Zdjelar, Vanja (2023), Zúquete, José Pedro (ed.), "The Evolution of Left-Wing Extremism in the West", The Palgrave Handbook of Left-Wing Extremism, Volume 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–54, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30897-0_2, ISBN 978-3-031-30897-0, retrieved 2024-10-15 {{citation}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 37 (help)

[3] Blazak, Randy (2022), Perry, Barbara; Gruenewald, Jeff; Scrivens, Ryan (eds.), "Understanding Extremism: Frames of Analysis of the Far Right", Right-Wing Extremism in Canada and the United States, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 21–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99804-2_2, ISBN 978-3-030-99804-2, retrieved 2024-10-15

[4] Coupland, Philip M. (2005), Copsey, Nigel; Renton, David (eds.), "'Left-Wing Fascism' in Theory and Practice", British Fascism, the Labour Movement and the State, London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 95–117, doi:10.1057/9780230522763_6, ISBN 978-0-230-52276-3, retrieved 2024-10-15

[5] Duford, Rochelle (2019-04). "'Who is a Negator of History?' Revisiting the Debate over Left Fascism 50 Years after 1968". Journal of the American Philosophical Association. 5 (1): 59–77. doi:10.1017/apa.2018.39. ISSN 2053-4477. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[6] Davies, Garth; Zdjelar, Vanja (2023), Zúquete, José Pedro (ed.), "The Evolution of Left-Wing Extremism in the West", The Palgrave Handbook of Left-Wing Extremism, Volume 1, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–54, doi:10.1007/978-3-031-30897-0_2, ISBN 978-3-031-30897-0, retrieved 2024-10-15 {{citation}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 37 (help)

[3] Peter Davies; Derek Lynch (2002). The Routledge Companion to Fascism and the Far Right. Routledge. pp. 1–5.

[4] Roger Griffin. Fascism. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1995. pp. 8, 307.

[USHMM-5] "Fascism". Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 7 August 2022.

[6] "The Platypus Affiliated Society – 1968". platypus1917.org. Retrieved 2024-10-14.

[:0-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Gandesha, Samir (2019-12). "The "Authoritarian Personality" Reconsidered: the Phantom of "Left Fascism"". American Journal of Psychoanalysis. 79 (4): 601–624. doi:10.1057/s11231-019-09227-w. ISSN 1573-6741. PMID 31745203. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[8] Maddux, Tomas R. (1 November 1977). "Red Fascism, Brown Bolshevism: The American Image of Tolatitarianinsm in the 1930s". The Historian. 40 (1). Informa UK Limited: 85–103. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1977.tb01210.x. ISSN 0018-2370. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

[FOOTNOTEAdlerPaterson19701046-9] Adler & Paterson 1970, p. 1046.

[10] Horowitz, Irving Louis (1988), Hook, Sidney; O’Neill, William L.; O’Toole, Roger (eds.), "Left-Wing Fascism and Right-Wing Communism: The Fission—Fusion Effect in American Extremist Ideologies", Philosophy, History and Social Action: Essays in Honor of Lewis Feuer with an autobiographic essay by Lewis Feuer, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 245–266, doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2873-2_11, ISBN 978-94-009-2873-2, retrieved 2024-10-14

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v t e Political spectrum
Radical politics Triangulation
Politics Revolutionary Far-left Left Centre-left Centre Centre-right Right Far-right Reactionary
Political positions Post-leftism Ultra-leftism Anti-Stalinist left New Left Centrist Marxism Third Way Radical centrism New Right
Political ideologies Anarchism Marxism Communism Socialism Social democracy Liberalism Christian democracy Conservatism Nationalism Fascism Nazism
Religious politics Christian right Hindutva Islamism Religious Zionism Buddhist socialism Christian left Jewish left Muslim left Islamic conservatism Islam and democracy
Models Horseshoe theory Left–right politics Nolan chart Overton window Open–closed political spectrum The Political Compass Pournelle chart Right-wing authoritarianism
Political pejoratives Social justice warrior Left-wing fascism Baizuo Champagne socialist Hard left Liberal elite Loony left Moonbat Red fascist Regressive left Social fascism Social imperialism Soft left Wingnut