Chapter 3 Lesson 2 The Three Branches of

Chapter 3 : Lesson 2 The Three Branches of Government

Essential Question: How do the three branches share, check and balance power?

Flocabulary Click the image to be directed to Flocabulary’s Three Branches of Government Rap This video and accompanying lyrics were created and published by Flocabulary. The Florida Law Related Education Association, Inc. © 2015

THE THREE BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT * Legislative * Executive * Judicial

Lets Make Every Effort to Juggle Ice Legislative Branch Makes the Laws Executive Branch Enforces the Laws Judicial Branch Interprets the Laws © Karalynn Tyler 2015 Law

Branches of Government ARTICLE 1 ARTICLE 2 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH EXECUTIVE BRANCH ARTICLE 3 JUDICIAL BRANCH Where do we find the branches of government outlined in the U. S. Constitution?

Structure of the Branches ARTICLE 1 Legislative Branch ARTICLE 2 Executive Branch ARTICLE 3 Judicial Branch Also known as: CONGRESS House of 100 members Representatives 435 members (2 per state) (based on population) Senate President Vice President Cabinet Supreme Court 9 Justices Other inferior courts

THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH House of Representatives and Senate

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH • Also called Congress. • Meet in the Capitol Building in Washington, DC.

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH • • • Bicameral - 2 Houses House of Representatives Senate Responsibility is to make (create) laws. Dual Role - constituents needs & wants and considering what is good for nation as a whole.

HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES • 435 Seats • Number of seats determined by state population. • 19 Committees - 84 sub-committees • Referred to as the “lower” house. • Leader is called Speaker of the House.

HOUSE OF REPRESENATIVES • Has sole power to Impeach President. • All bills to raise money must come from the House of Representatives. • All bills (laws) must pass in the House before going to the President.

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH • • Powers that Congress DOES NOT have. . Can not suspend Habeas Corpus Can not tax inter-state commerce Can not take money from treasury unless a law is passed to do so • Can not give a title of nobility

SENATE • • 100 seats -2 seats per state - separate vote 16 Committees and 69 sub- committees Referred to as the “upper” house Vice President is President of Senate but NO vote unless a tie. • Leader = President pro tempore • Nicknamed “Millionaires Club”

SENATE • Power to try impeachment - 2/3 rd vote • Senate approval needed on bills to raise money. • All laws must pass in the Senate before going to the President.

LEGISLATIVE BRACH • • Powers of Congress Oversee elections Set rules within the legislative branch To tax, to borrow money, to coin money Set rules of naturalization regulate commerce Establish Post Offices

LEGISLATIVE BRANCH • • Powers continued…. To declare war To raise and support armies To make all laws that are necessary and proper

Congress House Senate Number of Members 435 100 Length of Term 2 years 6 years Elected or Appointed? Elected Age Requirement 25 30 Citizenship Requirement 7 Years 9 Years List Powers: 1. Makes Laws 2. Decides how to spend tax money 3. Raise an Army/Navy 4. Declares War

THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH

EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Responsible for enforcing the laws. • President is the head of the Executive Branch. • President provides leadership by setting goals and developing policy.

EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Must be a natural born citizen • Must be at least 35 years old • Must be 14 years a resident within the United States • Term is for 4 years - only 2 in a row • Must give state of the union to Congress

EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Must take an oath as follows, “I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States”

EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Powers of the President…. • Commander and Chief of the Army and Navy • Can grant pardons and Can veto laws. • Can call Congress into session. • Make treaties, appoint Supreme Court Justices and Ambassadors - Senate approval

EXECUTIVE BRANCH • Can be impeached for the following reasons: • Treason • Bribery • Other high Crimes and Misdemeanors

EXECUTIVE BRANCH • President creates cabinet - advisors • Department of State, Treasury, Interior, Agriculture, Justice, Labor, Commerce, Veterans’ Affairs, Defense, Health and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Transportation, Energy, Education and NOW Homeland Security

Office of the President Number of Members 1 Length of Term 4 years Elected or Appointed? Elected Age Requirement 35 Citizenship Requirement Natural-Born Citizen List Powers: 1. Commander in Chief of Armed Forces 2. Makes Treaties 3. Nominates ambassadors, & Supreme Court Justices 4. Grant Pardons

THE JUDICIAL BRANCH

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Responsible for interpreting the law in regards to the Constitution • Final court of appeals for state and federal cases. • Supreme Court justices are appointed by the President, approved by the Senate, and they hold their office for life or retirement.

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Currently - 9 Justices - only can be changed by Constitutional Amendment • Justices hear 150 cases per year - over 5000 requests • 4 Justices need to agree to hear a case • Session is October through June • Removed by impeachment or conviction

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Qualifications - nothing listed in the Constitution • Unofficial qualifications are: • Politically active • Lawyer or Lower Court Judge • Same political party as the President

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Article III is where we define treason. • Treason = committing an overt action - it must be seen • Talking about treason is not a crime • Can not punish family

JUDICIAL BRANCH • • Judicial Act of 1789 Created three part court system Established the Office of Attorney General Job of Attorney General is to represent the USA in the Supreme Court and to be a legal advisor to the Executive Branch

JUDICIAL BRANCH

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Civil Cases - sue, divorce, contracts, any case that does not involve a crime • Criminal Cases - commit a crime • Defendant - the person on trial • Plaintiff - person who brought case to court • Prosecutor - represents city, state, people in a criminal case

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Influences on the Court • Precedents - past decisions • Personal legal views - strict interpretation means to look at intent of founding fathers broad interpretation means you need to take into account changes in society • Justices interaction

JUDICIAL BRANCH • Influences continued…… • Public Opinion, Congress, and the President

Supreme Court Number of Members 9 Length of Term Life Elected or Appointed? Appointed Age Requirement None Citizenship Requirement None List Powers: 1. Gives final decisions on court cases 2. Decides whether laws and actions of the other 2 branches abide by the Constitution 3. Protect the Supreme Law of the land.

Branches of Government Jeopardy Take the Challenge!!

Who is the head of the Executive Branch? A. B. C. D. Vice-President Senator President Judge

The head of the Executive Branch is _____. A. B. C. D. appointed elected chosen ordered

The Executive Branch is limited to ____-four year terms. A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4

4 years

Which of the following IS NOT an Executive Branch responsibility? A. B. C. D. carrying out the laws leading military deciding how much money to spend meeting with leaders of other countries

The Judicial Branch of government involves which of the following? A. the President B. the courts C. Congress

How many judges make up the Judicial Branch? A. B. C. D. nineteen nine forty-nine eighty-nine

What does the Supreme Court do? A. tell other courts what they must do B. make sure laws follow the Constitution C. decide on the punishment for those convicted

Once the Supreme Court makes a decision on a case, it can only be changed by _____? A. B. C. D. the President the Supreme Court the Vice-President the Representatives

The Legislative Branch, Congress, is separated into how many parts? A. B. C. D. three five two four

Every state elects _____ Senators. A. B. C. D. five four three two

How many Representatives are there from each state? A. B. C. D. two depends on the state’s population five three

What is one main responsibility of the Legislative Branch? A. B. C. D. lead military make laws for our country carry out laws meet with leaders of other countries

The White House is located in _____. A. B. C. D. Seattle, Washington Albany, NY Washington, DC Trenton, NJ

The main law of the United States is known as_____. A. B. C. D. the Declaration of Independence the Bill of Rights the Emancipation Proclamation the Constitution

The executive, judicial, and legislative branches belong to which level of government? A. local B. state C. national

What is the name of the meeting that took place in 1787 to address problems in the U. S. A. following independence from Great Britain? A. B. C. D. Summit Meeting Watergate Constitutional Convention Government Meeting

Review Question: Chapter 3 : Lesson 2 Read pages 72 -79 and answer Review Questions on page 79. Hand in Google Class Room.