Search results for tag #bsd
Tar fediverse
``tar -cvfz fediverse.raw fediverse.tgz
ls -lh
>> fediverse.raw 2.048 PiB
fediverse.tgz 1.36 TiB
```According to my version of tar(1) it's entirely doable
sources
man tar(1)
man gnu
/me grins 😁
@stefano@bsd.cafe @justine@snac.smithies.me.uk
#tar #GNU #gnutar #cvfz #gzip #compression #fediverse #mathematics #technology #OpenSource #Linux #BSD
The EU country of France replaces all government desktops with proper Open Source environments.
The country wants to be as least dependent as possible of US American Technology because the USA has been proven to be unworthy as a partner
Thus the country of France takes an enormous step towards digital sovereignty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France?wprov=sfla1
#OpenSource #Linux #programming #BSD #Technology #France #FR #USA #Little #Donald #Agent #Orange #no #TV
@leoschuldiner23
I'm with ya! I am a strong advocate for the used #thinkpad market - incredible #Linux (and #bsd?) machines for any budget $50 or bigger.
I'm running a radio station server (backup) on a 2006 thinkpad. It just always works. Insane.
Do people know about this?
If an operating system is required to implement age verification but does not or cannot, it would be illegal.
People have been arguing that our elected officials do not know how Linux or BSD works. I believe they know exactly how these systems work, and they do not like them because they cannot control, police, or monitor them. Therefore, they want operating systems such as Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Apple iOS, and the soon-to-be locked-down Google Android to be our only choices.
The whole point of this law is to make Linux and BSD — operating systems they have no power over — illegal.
"How it all began"
I saw an ad for this CD set at a very low price in a computer magazine. I decided to give it a try, enticed by the low cost and this 'alternative solution to Windows', and in late 1996 I ordered this set.
When it arrived, I was fascinated (having never used a Unix or Unix-like system before) but a bit daunted by the lack of support for the main applications I knew. A few months later, though, I decided to give it another go and from that point, I never looked back. Whether it was Linux, one of the BSDs, or something similar (but Unix or Unix-like), I was not going back to systems like Windows.
My #ThrowbackThursday today is probably one of the most significant in my computing life.
#Linux #TechHistory #OpenSource #Unix #TechNostalgia #ComputingMemories #BSD #TechnologyEvolution #OldSchoolComputing #1996 #ITLife
Alt...
This is a photo of a 6-CD set case for "InfoMagic LINUX Developer's Resource". The CD case cover has a whimsical cartoon character on the front, which appears to be an anthropomorphic penguin dressed as a wizard, complete with a wizard's hat and a magic wand. The character is standing on a stylized representation of the globe. The background is blue and there is a yellow banner on the top right corner that says "QuickStart Guide inside". The packaging suggests that this is a software resource kit for Linux developers from the era when software was commonly distributed on CDs.
Alt...
This is a photo of the back cover of the "InfoMagic LINUX Developer's Resource CD-ROM" case. The cover lists the contents of the 6-CD set, including distributions like Red Hat 3.0.3 "Picasso", Slackware 3.1, Debian GNU/Linux 1.1.4, and others, with various kernel sources up to version 2.0.12+. It mentions the inclusion of a "QuickStart" installation guide and additional software like X-Free86 Version 3.1.2, with references to online resources. There's also information about the included on-line documentation like "Installation & Getting Started Guide" by Matt Welsh and "Network Administrators Guide", as well as file format details. Contact information for InfoMagic, including telephone, fax, email, and web address, is listed, along with the company's address in Flagstaff, AZ. A barcode is present on the bottom right. The text indicates the product is from 1996, providing a glimpse into the distribution of Linux software in the mid-1990s.
I created a Linux/BSD age attestation/verification tracker, to map out which distros are safe from that crap, which should be avoided.
https://odysee.com/@fossery-tech:4/Linux-BSD-age-attestation-verification-tracker:7e0569c608
(The list is a bit long, couldn't post it here)
If you know about the stance of any other OS I didn't list there, feel free to drop a comment. Other suggestions to improve the list are also welcome.
#Linux #BSD #AgeVerification #AgeAttestation #FosseryTech #Privacy
Latest 𝗩𝗮𝗹𝘂𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗡𝗲𝘄𝘀 - 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟲/𝟬𝟰/𝟬𝟲 (Valuable News - 2026/04/06) available.
https://vermaden.wordpress.com/2026/04/06/valuable-news-2026-04-06/
Past releases: https://vermaden.wordpress.com/news/
#verblog #vernews #news #bsd #freebsd #openbsd #netbsd #linux #unix #zfs #opnsense #ghostbsd #solaris #vermadenday
@arosano @SamuraiSakura check to see if you can pull up a gopher site with the terminal command `gopher gopher://sdf.org` (or some other url)
That is a gopher browser built in to Debian at least, and probably others. SDF’s gopher site will help you find lots of other sites too
@SamuraiSakura Where do I find gopher servers? Is there a suitable #bsd client apart from lynx? I read somewhere that good old lynx could be used, so the question is about a dedicated gopher client.
#PfSense #BSD #Networking
Setup a Netgate 1100 PfSense appliance they said... Is going to be fun, they said... 14 hours later... ta! da! Habemus VLANS and VPN! 🤣
BSD Cafe launches hybrid forum and Fediverse platform called Billboard
Stoked to see BSD Cafe has a new site... Running NodeBB :sunglasses: https://billboard.bsd.cafe/ Considering they don't run just anything, we're in good company! Their other instances run Mastodon (of course) and snac2, arguably one of the most lightweight ActivityPub services.[...] [SENSITIVE CONTENT]
Stoked to see BSD Cafe has a new site... Running NodeBB
Considering they don't run just anything, we're in good company! Their other instances run Mastodon (of course) and snac2, arguably one of the most lightweight ActivityPub services.[...]
Designed as a hybrid space, it functions as a classic discussion forum with persistent threads while also supporting ActivityPub federation, enabling cross-platform interactions without algorithmic curation. The project is built on NodeBB and aims to serve as a social hub for BSD and open-source communities, allowing users to engage in long-form discussions while participating in the broader decentralized social web.
... [SENSITIVE CONTENT]
Sorry for my previous rant, but Richard #Stallman has been predicting this since *decades* from their libre ITS machines suffering corporate bullshit forever. Their own GNU project was to liberate #Unix from the #AT&T hands. Yes, it was and it's a bit bloated from the #BSD perspective, I know, I was an OpenBSD user and now #9front, but #hyperbolaBSD will try to fix that: minimalist BSD freedom with a #GNU license. And you might not need to suffer FFSv2 fscking itself again ;) as a plus.
So you if you now need a free #Unix, you know what to support. Consider anything from #Redhat/#IBM ultimately tainted. #Trisquel
it's sadly on a razors' edge. They will patch it... until they can't anymore.
#GNU #Guix it's fine, but better if you pick it bia Bittorrent under a non-US mirror.
If you want a Unix 2.0, head to #9front, but help with ath9k drivers (there are none) as they are the only ones without needing binary blobs (less opaque things to debug and a total freedom to distribute them with base).
Exempt Linux and BSDs from age verification laws
<https://www.change.org/p/exempt-linux-and-bsds-from-age-verification-laws>
― petition started on 22nd March by Konstantinos Apostolidis, Greece.
Via <https://www.reddit.com/r/BSD/comments/1s4646t/a_petition_to_exempt_linux_bsds_from_age/> | <https://old.reddit.com/r/BSD/duplicates/1s4646t/a_petition_to_exempt_linux_bsds_from_age/> | <https://www.reddit.com/r/freebsd/comments/1s6oms1/exempt_linux_and_bsds_from_age_verification_laws/>
#Linux #BSD #FreeBSD #MidnightBSD #California #Brasil #Brazil #Colorado #Illinois #NewYork #Michigan
ℹ️ Now DistroWatch will need to include a new item on the distro description page:
• Age verification: yes / no
The European BSD conference, EuroBSDcon 2026 will be in Brussels, 9-13 September 2026.
You can send your talk, tutorial, BOF or other session submission to our program committee before June 20th, see https://2026.eurobsdcon.org/cfp/
For more about the BSD conferences, see https://nxdomain.no/~peter/what_is_bsd_come_to_a_conference_to_find_out.html #freebsd #netbsd #openbsd #freesoftware #libresoftware #development #programming #devops #bsd #conference @EuroBSDCon
History will remember what they achieved here. 🗿 ⚔️
#ageverification #linux #bsd #privacy
Alt...
The picture shows a round table, with armored warriors surrounding it. The ones on the table have pointed their swords on the table's center.
The warriors are: Garuda Linux, Slackware Linux, GrapheneOS, Devuan Linux, DB48X, Ageless Linux, MidnightBSD, Arch Linux 32, FreeDOS, Void Linux, and Artix Linux.
They are all pointing towards the same decision of "rejecting OS-level age verification."
curl
Daniël Stenberg
facts and praise
I'm fortunate that I am allowed to follow Daniël, lead programmer of the mightycurl. The reason I formulated the line in this way, is because only through the power of the FediVerse I've gotten a boost from someone I follow, who found a post of the lead programmer or curl interesting
stats:
install base => 20000*10
6
devices
20 billion+ installations!
curlis used in command lines or scripts to transfer data. curl is alsolibcurl, used in:
- cars
- television sets
- routers
- printers
- audio equipment
- mobile phones
- tablets
- medical devices
- settop boxes
- computer games
- media players
Curl is THE Internet transfer engine for countless software applications in over twenty billion installations!
curl is used daily by virtually every Internet-using human on the globe!
curl is 30 years old
Let that sink in!
Opinion
curl is mature critical network infrastructure software that we all need to have our internet powered software / hardware to function in respect to data transfer.
The syntax to use curl in simple implementations is IMHO quite easy. In case you need to know an extra option, the executable and libcurl have excellent documentation. End users normally interact with curl using the (elf) binary on Linux based POSIX operating systems. The more mature BSDs have another binary format
Just type curl to get an initial output which looks like this on my current system
curl
curl: try 'curl --help' or 'curl --manual' for more information
then type
curl --help
Usage: curl [options...] <url>
-d, --data <data> HTTP POST data
-f, --fail Fail fast with no output on HTTP errors
-h, --help <subject> Get help for commands
-o, --output <file> Write to file instead of stdout
-O, --remote-name Write output to file named as remote file
-i, --show-headers Show response headers in output
-s, --silent Silent mode
-T, --upload-file <file> Transfer local FILE to destination
-u, --user <user:password> Server user and password
-A, --user-agent <name> Send User-Agent <name> to server
-v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative
-V, --version Show version number and quitThis is not the full help; this menu is split into categories.
Use "--help category" to get an overview of all categories, which are:
auth, connection, curl, deprecated, dns, file, ftp, global, http, imap, ldap, output, pop3, post, proxy,
scp, sftp, smtp, ssh, telnet, tftp, timeout, tls, upload, verbose.
Use "--help all" to list all options
Use "--help [option]" to view documentation for a given option
When you type curl --manual|less you get the manpages which I delimited with less through a vertical pipe
_ _ ____ _
___| | | | _ \| |
/ __| | | | |_) | |
| (__| |_| | _ <| |___
\___|\___/|_| \_\_____|
NAME curl - transfer a URL
SYNOPSIS
curl [options / URLs]
DESCRIPTION
curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server using URLs. It
supports these protocols: DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP,
HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S, RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP,
SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, TFTP, WS and WSS.
curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See
libcurl(3) for details.
URL
The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You find a detailed description in
RFC 3986.
I can also type man curl to get a nice output:
curl(1) curl Manual curl(1)NAME
curl - transfer a URL
SYNOPSIS
curl [options / URLs]
DESCRIPTION
curl is a tool for transferring data from or to a server using URLs. It supports these protocols:
DICT, FILE, FTP, FTPS, GOPHER, GOPHERS, HTTP, HTTPS, IMAP, IMAPS, LDAP, LDAPS, MQTT, POP3, POP3S,
RTMP, RTMPS, RTSP, SCP, SFTP, SMB, SMBS, SMTP, SMTPS, TELNET, TFTP, WS and WSS.
curl is powered by libcurl for all transfer-related features. See libcurl(3) for details.
URL
The URL syntax is protocol-dependent. You find a detailed description in RFC 3986.
If you provide a URL without a leading protocol:// scheme, curl guesses what protocol you want. It
then defaults to HTTP but assumes others based on often-used hostname prefixes. For example, for
hostnames starting with "ftp." curl assumes you want FTP.
You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line. They are fetched in a sequential manner in
the specified order unless you use -Z, --parallel. You can specify command line options and URLs
Manual page curl(1) line 1 (press h for help or q to quit)
The reasoning behind curl --manual is simple. On a machine without the manual system you still need access to the full manual. This is one of the reasons why man curl is also implemented as curl --manual
An important RFC is echoed to my terminal in the man curl output which is RFC 3986
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a compact sequence of
characters that identifies an abstract or physical resource. This
specification defines the generic URI syntax and a process for
resolving URI references that might be in relative form, along with
guidelines and security considerations for the use of URIs on the
Internet. The URI syntax defines a grammar that is a superset of all
valid URIs, allowing an implementation to parse the common components
of a URI reference without knowing the scheme-specific requirements
of every possible identifier. This specification does not define a
generative grammar for URIs; that task is performed by the individual
specifications of each URI scheme.
I shall not quote the whole RFC 3986 here. You can read all about it on the RFC site (see sources)
As you can see curl is thorougly documented, has all the features a simple end user needs to fetch all kind of data, scaled up all the way to the extensive complex features router hardware et all, needs to transfer data.
programming route
I came to this toot when I saw that certain external feature code, which lives in stable external libraries, is now being removed from curl. I should say the code is depreciated then phased out.
This is a logical step
- It takes resources to maintain external code
- If the (shared) libraries are stable and mature, it's much better to just call those libraries and be done.
- The more external code you can remove from your project the better it is for all the programmers
The same is also happening in the Linux kernel, they are following in the footsteps of curl
Conclusion
There is a treasure trove of information in the sources. Just reading the pages on RFC 3986 will keep you occupied for hours.
Have fun and keep reading / learning and programming!
sources:
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986
https://curl.se/mail/lib-2026-03/0026.html
#curl #programming #mathematics #linear #algebra #libcurl #Linux #BSD #freeBSD #openBSD #netBSD #POSIX #bash #csh #ksh #sh #fish #radio #TV #smartTV #router
Alt...
screencap
Alt...
screencap
Alt...
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3986
WELP I can no longer say that #FreeBSD's draft policy on LLM code contributions was leaning towards #NetBSD's way of thinking of banning the slop code entirely. I was going off what was said at last year's BSDCan.
Apparently it's shifted since then. https://reviews.freebsd.org/differential/changeset/?ref=1487182
Hopefully it shifts back, before it's finalized. I feel a bit crushed. I've been talking about that prior draft policy as a positive indicator for months. Im realizing I had pinned a lot of hope on it.
I've been trying REALLY hard to stay away from software with LLM generated code. (sigh). Ive dived back into FreeBSD hard after many years away, and have even been trying to contribute some stuff to ports.
I guess if this goes south, ill be re-evaluating things. Maybe NetBSD? Though I know it's missing some things from pkgsrc that will hurt to do without. #bsd
BSD Conference in NL
On Saturday, 9th of May, there is the Spring edition of BSD-NL Our lovely BSD conference, held in the Netherlands. Or more specifically, in Utecht - which is the centre of our little country.
Do you use the BSDs in any way - whether personally, professionally? Everyone with even the slightest interest into the BSDs is welcome, whether you are a beginner or a seasoned maintainer/contributor There will be a couple of talks/presentations, plenty of room and time to hack - and to socialize if that is your thing
So: grab a ticket, join the awesomeness: BSDNL.nl
#BSDNL #BSD #RUNBSD #OpenBSD #HardenedBSD #SecBSD #FreeBSD #NetBSD #DragonflyBSD #GhostBSD #EvenMyMotherRunsBSD
Happy weekend to all the #BSD folks out there!
Have some fun and enjoy the end of the week 🙂
Great #video by @garyhtech on why #BSD will never own the cloud.
#Linux owns the #cloud and frankly I'm fine with that. #FreeBSD doesn't need to compete with Linux in this area. It may not have the massive ecosystem, but given its strengths, it functions just fine for back end #infrastructure, in general and niche use cases.
People frequently tout FreeBSD for #ZFS and #Jails but honestly I think #Ports and #Poudriere are huge selling points
The #future of #Microsoft #Windows is downright terrifying. If their previous OS releases haven't motivated you to switch to #Linux or some kind of #BSD, then after watching this video I think you will be.
#opensource #RunBSD #OwnYourData #selfhost #NoAI #tech #privacy #spy #surveillance #masssurveillance
Dear friends of the #BSDCafe and the entire community,
Unfortunately, sometimes things in life do not go as planned. Becoming an adult also means learning to accept this and to set priorities. Over the past few months I have had some family matters that required my attention. I waited as long as possible before making a final decision, but the moment has now come.
I have informed the BSDCan team that, sadly, I will have to withdraw from the event and will not be able to present my talk.
BSD conferences have become some of the most important events of the year for me. They bring joy, positivity, and motivation. When one ends, I already start looking forward to the next with enthusiasm. In Zagreb I said goodbye to everyone with "see you in Ottawa". This year, unfortunately, that will not happen.
The only consolation is that the situation fortunately seems to be moving toward a resolution, although more slowly than expected. Because of this, I cannot in good conscience keep things uncertain and hope that everything will work out in time. I need to take a step back for now, already feeling the enthusiasm for the next EuroBSDCon.
#BSD #runBSD #MidnightBSD
RT: https://floss.social/users/ostechnix/statuses/116222213993633257
MidnightBSD is not taking any chances with age verification. 😲
Submit for the #eurobsdcon 2026 Call for Papers by June 20th, come to Brussels September 9-13 and mingle with #BSD people!
https://2026.eurobsdcon.org/cfp/
We also offer pre-submission guidance/mentoring, see within.
Wonder what BSD and the conferences are about? See https://nxdomain.no/~peter/what_is_bsd_come_to_a_conference_to_find_out.html
@EuroBSDCon #freebsd #netbsd #openbsd #freesoftware #libresoftware #brussels #bruxelles
It's great to see you are working in such an interesting piece of software. And on top of that, you are writing your code with #BSD systems as a first class citizens.
Awesome!
Having said that, I do have an honest question I'd like to ask you. I know you from just about every single BSD channel and/or IM chat group, and I also know that you are committed BSD user .. so my question would be: given that you already support #FreeBSD why wouldn't you consider adding support for #DragonFly from the get go just as well? After all, in most cases, adding a few (__DragonFly__) defines and conditionals next to the FreeBSD ones is often enough ...
In all honestly, this isn't something that affects your project in particular but more of common trend that affects just about every other project that tries to supports BSD systems, but always leave out DragonFly as if it wasn't part of the family. But I figured that since I know you from so many groups I could confidently ask you without running the risk of being misinterpreted.
Anyways, thank for your time, for your software and for writing your code with BSD systems as first class citizens!
I'm Blake — reintroducing myself as I'm back on the timeline.
I'm a Cloud Engineer working in Site Reliability and DevOps in the healthcare industry. I design and build highly scalable, resilient infrastructure that powers modern healthcare systems. Day-to-day I work with .NET, JavaScript, and TypeScript to deliver reliable platforms.
Outside of work, I build with Go — creating tools that prioritize performance, privacy, and user empowerment.
A couple things I'm working on:
RideAware — A cycling training platform for building structured training plans, analyzing ride data, and completing indoor workouts all in one place.
Arcline Hosting — A self-hosted web hosting service for people who want to know exactly where their data lives. It runs on hardware I own and operate — no AWS, no Cloudflare, no third-party CDN. Shared, WordPress, and VPS plans with personal ticket and email support.
My core interests span SRE, cloud infrastructure, DevOps/automation, and network engineering. I spend a lot of time with Linux, Docker, Kubernetes, Terraform, and enjoy digging into routing, firewalls, and secure network design.
I'm here because I care about privacy, self-hosting, and building things that give people more control over their own data. Good to be back — looking forward to reconnecting with this community.
#reintroduction #CloudEngineering #SRE #DevOps #Go #Golang #Linux #Docker #Kubernetes #Terraform #SelfHosting #HomeLab #Privacy #DataSovereignty #WebHosting #Cycling #HealthcareIT #FOSS #BSD
# $FreeBSD: src/COPYRIGHT,v 1.6.2.1 2006/02/08 09:11:57 ru Exp $https://github.com/MidnightBSD/src/blob/master/COPYRIGHT
# @(#)COPYRIGHT 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/21/94The compilation of software known as MidnightBSD is distributed under
the following terms:California residents are not authorized to use MidnightBSD for desktop use
in the state of California effective January 1, 2027.
California law https://legiscan.com/CA/text/AB1043/id/3269704
CA AB1043 requires a complex age verification system implemented
for operating systems with no exceptions for small open source projects.Copyright (C) 2006-2026 The MidnightBSD Project. All rights reserved.
Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:
1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
SUCH DAMAGE.
The #eurobsdcon 2026 Call for Papers is open!
https://2026.eurobsdcon.org/cfp/
Submit by June 20th, come to Brussels September 9-13 and mingle with #BSD people!
We also offer pre-submission guidance/mentoring, see within.
Wonder what BSD and the conferences are about? See https://nxdomain.no/~peter/what_is_bsd_come_to_a_conference_to_find_out.html
@EuroBSDCon #freebsd #netbsd #openbsd #freesoftware #libresoftware #brussels #bruxelles
#TIL that there is a command "units" for units conversion exists. In the #BSD world it was appeared in the #NetBSD then ported to the #FreeBSD 2.2.0, according to the "History" section in the manpage.
https://jlsksr.de/notes/24100102/
At least, for now I known that 19 liters equals to 30.89 vodka bottles, or 154.47 charkas (чарок, от «чарка»), or 308.94 shkalikoff (шкаликов, от «шкалик»), or 1.55 vёder (вёдер, от «ведро»).
Conversion rules lives in the simple text file in the /usr/share/misc/definitions.units and the own rules could be written in some text file in the same manner.
Alt...
Screenshot of Xterm window with some examples of units conversion with "units" command. Commands issued: "units -t '19 liters' vodkabottle", "units -t '19 liters' charka", "units -t '19 liters' shkalik", "units -t '19 liters' vedro". Their output already described in the main toot.
Do you remember your first FreeBSD install?
Many in our community remember when installing an operating system meant waiting on physical media, dial-up downloads, or carefully tested CD distributions, long before pulling source took seconds.
We’d like to hear your story:
• Was your first FreeBSD install from a CD?
• Do you remember your first release?
Share your experience in the comments.
🔗 Wayne Self’s original reflection: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/wself_been-thinking-about-how-much-access-to-software-ugcPost-7431565320290619392-RHVM/
#FreeBSD #OpenSource #BSD #Community
The amazing DragonFlyBSD has the fantastic
Hammer2 filesystem:
* Block copy-on-write filesystem
* Instant recovery on mount
* Instant snapshots
* Mounted snapshots are writable
* Automatic snapshotting can be enabled at the system level via periodic scripts
* Default Periodic also does daily bulk pass on the meta-data to free space
* Automatic compression (controllable on directory recursion and per-file basis)
* Automatic de-duplication
* Future master/slave mechanism
* Utilizes a dynamic radix tree
* 64-bit hardlink counter
* 2^63 logical file size limit
* Recursive check codes to detect corruption
* Any number of pseudo-filesystem volumes for each physical hammer2 disk image (also used by snapshots).
https://www.dragonflybsd.org/hammer/
#filesystem #programming #BSD #dragonflyBSD #freeBSD #OpenSource #technology #no #FSK
Additional Reference Material
HAMMER2 Design v6 (08-Dec-2018)
#filesystem #programming #BSD #dragonflyBSD #freeBSD #OpenSource #technology #no #FSK
Quote from Hammer2 page
Because HAMMER2 is a block copy-on-write filesystem, the "atime" field is not supported and will typically just reflect local system in-memory caches or mtime.
The radix tree is dynamic in that each entry can dynamically control how many bits it chops off. This allows small files to be contained in just one or two levels regardless of the block seek positions. The depth of the radix tree is increased as needed via a splitting mechanism, and will also be recombined if it grows smaller. All block references are 64-bit aligned-byte-indexed references and thus portable regardless of physical sector size changes between underlying block devices.
Inodes are 1KB of which 512 bytes are used for the top-level radix tree OR 512 bytes of data. Any file less than or equal to 512 bytes stores its data directly in the inode. Files up to 256KB can be accommodated with direct inode block references.
Directory entries are hashed (semi-sorted hash algorithm), and directly embedded in the radix table's blockref structure for maximum performance. Files with very long filenames will contain a dataref, otherwise filenames are embedded in the directory entry itself. Because directory entries are hashed, seeking and lookups are able to use a radix search and no linear scan of the directory is needed.
The inode and directory entry structure is extremely well suited for any file size or directory size, from tiny to huge.
Because of the block-copy-on-write nature of the filesystem, the filesystem is able to create a snapshot trivially simply by copying the volume header's root block table (4 blockref entries). The directory topology actually starts with a SUPERROOT, and volume ROOTs are directory entries under the SUPERROOT. Though the entries are actually special-cased a bit and actually part of the root inode for each filesystem root. And since physical freeing of space is handled via a bulk meta-data scan, destroying a snapshot or volume can be done simply by wiping the inode and ignoring everything under it... the next bulkfree scan will reclaim any reclaimable space. Similarly with file deletions... the top-level data blockrefs can simply be removed. The inode can simply be removed from the radix tree.
Performance is very good. HAMMER2 uses a variable-sized block in powers of two, starting at 1KB, up to 64KB, for the last block of the file (straddling EOF). All earlier blocks in the file, if any, use 64KB blocks. The freemap is organized by domain to cluster various meta-data types together. Indirect blocks can be one of two sizes: 16KB or 64KB, allowing medium-sized files and directories to be optimally allocated. In addition, file data compression of a logical block can result in a smaller physical block. The physical layer always does 64KB I/O and can cluster the I/O on top of that.
https://www.dragonflybsd.org/hammer/
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