Equisetum arvense

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Equisetales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pteridophyta Classis: Equisetopsida Ordo: Equisetales

Familia: Equisetaceae
Genus: Equisetum
Subgenus: E. subg. Equisetum
Species: Equisetum arvense

Name

Equisetum arvense L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1061. 1753.

Type locality:"Habitat in Europae agris, pratis"
Lectotype (designated by Jonsell & Jarvis in Nordic J. Bot. 14: 148. 1994): Clayton 341 (BM-000062951).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Allostelites arvensis (L.) Börner, Fl. Deut. Volk 59 (1912).
Heterotypic
- Equisetum arvense var. alpestre Wahlenb., Fl. Lapponica 296 (1812).
  - Equisetum arvense f. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Döll, Fl. Baden 1(1): 59 (1855).
  - Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Wahlenb.) Schönsw. & Elven, J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 2(1): 433 (2008).
  - Equisetum alpestre (Wahlenb.) Landolt, Fl. Indicativa 269 (2010).
- Equisetum arvense f. agreste (Klinge) E.Baumann, (1911).
- Equisetum arvense var. arcticum Rupr., Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 3: 21. 1845.
  - Equisetum arvense f. arcticum (Rupr.) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 84 (1938).
- Equisetum arvense var. arenicola Heimerl, Verh. K.K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 31: 184 (1882).
- Equisetum arvense f. atratidens Lepage, Amer. Midl. Naturalist 46: 755 (1952).
- Equisetum boreale Bong., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 174 (1832).
  - Equisetum arvense var. boreale (Bong.) Rupr., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2(4): 174 (1832).
  - Equisetum arvense f. boreale (Bong.) Klinge, Arch. Naturk. Liv- Ehst- Kurlands, Ser. 2, Biol. Naturk. 8: 369 (1882)
  - Equisetum arvense subsp. boreale (Bong.) Tolm., Flora Arct. URSS 1: 46 (1960).
- Equisetum arvense f. caespitosum J.Rousseau, Bull. Natl. Mus. Canada 66 (Ser. Biol. no. 17): 5 (1931).
- Equisetum calderi B.Boivin, Amer. Fern J. 50: 107 (1960).
- Equisetum campestre Schultz, Flor. Starg. suppl. 1: 59. 1819.
  - Equisetum arvense f. campestre (Schultz) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 897 (1864).
  - Equisetum arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 2: 192 (1859).
- Equisetum arvense var. campestre (Schultz) Milde, Monogr. Equiset. (1867), comb. superfl..
- Equisetum arvense var. coaetaneum Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7(51): 410 (1857).
- Equisetum arvense subvar. decumbens G.Mey., Chloris Han. 667 (1836).
  - Equisetum arvense var. decumbens (G.Mey.) Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 27 (1843)
  - Equisetum arvense var. decumbens (G.Mey.) Milde, Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 26: 421 (1859), comb. superfl..
  - Equisetum arvense f. decumbens (G.Mey.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2. 964 (1845).
- Equisetum arvense var. diffusum A.A.Eaton, List N. Amer. Pterid. 8, 25 (1901).
  - Equisetum arvense f. diffusum (A.A.Eaton) Clute, Fern Allies 47, 256 (1905).
- Equisetum arvense var. erectum Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 3: t. 46 (1813).
- Equisetum arvense var. frondescens Döll, Fl. Baden 1(1): 58. (1855).
- Equisetum arvense var. granulatum G.Lawson, Trans. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 7: 561 (1863).
- Equisetum arvense f. irriguum (Milde) W.F.Christ., (1922).
- Equisetum arvense f. loennbohmii Dörfl., Jahreskat. Wiener Bot. Tauschanst. 1904: 228 (1904).
- Equisetum arvense f. macrostachyum A.A.Eaton, Fern Bull. 7: 87 (1899).
- Equisetum arvense f. microstachyum A.A.Eaton, Fern Bull. 7: 87 (1899).
- Equisetum minus Garsault, Fig. Pl. Med. 2: t. 258 (1764). opus utiq. oppr.
- Equisetum arvense var. nanum A.Braun ex Döll, Fl. Baden: 59. (1855)
  - Equisetum arvense f. nanum (A.Braun) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 85 (1938).
- Equisetum arvense f. nemorosum A.Braun ex Döll, Rhein. Fl. 27 (1843).
  - Equisetum arvense var. nemorosum (A.Braun ex Döll) A.Braun & Engelm., Amer. J. Sci. Arts 46: 83 (1844).
  - Equisetum nemorosum (A.Braun) Bellynck, Fl. Namur 318. 1855.
  - Equisetum arvense f. nemorosum (A.Braun) Murr, Neue Uebersicht Farn- & Blütenpfl. Vorarlb.: 11 (1923), comb. superfl..
- Equisetum arvense var. nudum Milde exc Farw., Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci 6: 209 (1904).
- Equisetum polycladum Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. 16 (1814).
- Equisetum arvense var. polystachyon A.A.Eaton, Fern Bull. 7: 88 (1899).
  - Equisetum arvense f. polystachyon (A.A.Eaton) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 85 (1938).
- Equisetum arvense monstr. proliferum Luerss., Farnpflanzen 3: 701 (1888).
  - Equisetum arvense var. proliferum (Luerss.) Farw., Amer. Fern J. 27: 16 (1937).
  - Equisetum arvense f. proliferum (Luerss.) M.Broun, Index N. Amer. Ferns 85 (1938).
- Equisetum arvense f. pseudoalpestre Vict., Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 9: 36, fig. 5, 116 (1927).
- Equisetum arvense f. pseudonemorosum B.Boivin, Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 18 (1951).
- Equisetum arvense f. pseudovarium Vict., Contr. Lab. Bot. Univ. Montréal 9: 37, 116 (1927).
- Equisetum arvense var. ramosissimum Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7(51): 410 (1857).
- Equisetum arvense var. ramulosum Rupr., Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches 3: 19 (1845).
  - Equisetum arvense f. ramulosum (Rupr.) Klinge, Arch. Naturk. Liv- Ehst- Kurlands, Ser. 2, Biol. Naturk. 8: 369 (1882)
  - Equisetum arvense subsp. ramulosum (Rupr.) W.F.Rapp, Amer. Fern J. 37: 21 (1947).
- Equisetum riparium Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3(VII–XIII): 167 (1845).
  - Equisetum arvense f. riparium (Fr.) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 897 (1864).
  - Equisetum arvense var. riparium (Fr.) Milde, Monogr. Equiset. 223 (1867).
- Equisetum arvense var. robustum Schur, Oesterr. Bot. Wochenbl. 7(51): 410 (1857).
- Equisetum saxicola Suksd., Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 19: 93 (1901).
- Equisetum arvense var. triangulare Waters, Johns Hopkins Univ. Circ. 14: 25 (1895).

Hybrids

Equisetum × litorale Kühlew. ex Rupr., 1845.
Equisetum × rothmaleri C.N.Page

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Norway, Svalbard (Jan Mayen, Spitsbergen), Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia (Sicily, Malta), Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia).
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States (Estonia, Kaliningrad, Latvia, Lithuania), Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria (doubtful), Morocco.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores (Sao Miguel, introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutiya.
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Islands, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
- Regional: Mongolia
  - Mongolia
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Continental: Australasia (all introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales, Victoria.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Aleutian Islands, Alaska, Greenland, Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isle, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia.(introduced)

Source(s) of checklist:
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Equisetum arvense in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 14. Reference page. Hassler, M. 2020. World Ferns. Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. (-). Equisetum arvense Accessed: 14 Jun 2020.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1061. Reference page.

Additional references

Colomo, S. 2011. La flora della Sardegna, vol. 1, Nuoro, Editrice Archivio fotografico sardo.
Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, p. 497. Reference page.
Zhang, L.-B. & Turland, N.J. 2013. Equisetaceae. Pp. 67–72 in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.-Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 2–3: Lycopodiaceae through Polypodiaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 978-1-935641-11-7. efloras PDF Reference page.
Hauke, R.L. 1993. Equisetaceae. Pp. 76–84 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, XVI, 475 pp. ISBN 0-19-508242-7. efloras FNA Website Internet Archive, Lending Library Reference page.
Christenhusz, M.J.M., Bangiolo, L., Chase, M.W., Fay, M.F., Husby, C.E., Witkus, M. & Viruel, J. 2019. Phylogenetics, classification and typification of extant horsetails (Equisetum, Equisetaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 189(4): 311–352. DOI: 10.1093/botlinnean/boz002 . Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. World Ferns. Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. (Version 8.30 – April 2020). Equisetum arvense Accessed: 13 Sep 2018.
Hassler, M. 2020. Equisetum arvense – World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World . In: Roskov Y., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L. (eds.) 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr 16.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Equisetum arvense in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Apr 16. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Equisetum arvense. Published online. Accessed: Apr 16 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Equisetum arvense. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 16 Apr 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Equisetum arvense in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Equisetum arvense in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Apr 16.

Vernacular names

العربية: كنباث الحقول
azərbaycanca: Tarla qatırquyruğu
Boarisch: Kåtznschwoaf
башҡортса: Ҡырҡбыуын үләне
беларуская (тарашкевіца): Хвошч палявы
беларуская: Хвошч палявы
български: Полски хвощ
bosanski: Preslica
català: Cua de cavall petita
kaszëbsczi: Chòszczka
čeština: Přeslička rolní
Cymraeg: Marchrawnen yr ardir
dansk: Agerpadderok
Deutsch: Acker-Schachtelhalm
English: Field Horsetail
Esperanto: Ordinara ekvizeto
español: Cola de caballo del campo
eesti: Põldosi
فارسی: دم‌اسب صحرایی
suomi: Peltokorte
føroyskt: Kannubjølluvísa
français: Prêle des champs
Gaeilge: Scuab eich ghoirt
galego: Xestela
hrvatski: Poljska preslica
hornjoserbsce: Přaska
magyar: Mezei zsurló
հայերեն: Ձիաձետ դաշտային
íslenska: Klóelfting
italiano: Coda cavallina dei campi
日本語: スギナ
қазақша: Улы қырықбуын
한국어: 쇠뜨기
lietuvių: Dirvinis asiūklis
latviešu: Tīruma kosa
монгол: Хээрийн шивлээ
Plattdüütsch: Duwock
Nederlands: Heermoes
norsk: Åkersnelle
Diné bizaad: Ałtį́į́ jikʼáshí áłtsʼózígíí
polski: Skrzyp polny
português: Cavalinha
Runa Simi: Ch'iñi kawallu chupa
armãneashti: Coada-a calui
română: Coada-calului
русский: Хвощ полевой
саха тыла: Хонуу боруута
srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Rastavić
slovenščina: Njivska preslica
српски / srpski: Пољски раставић
svenska: Åkerfräken
Türkçe: Tarla atkuyruğu
українська: Хвощ польовий
vepsän kel’: Oravanhänd
Tiếng Việt: Cỏ tháp bút
吴语: 问荆
中文: 问荆

For more multimedia, look at Equisetum arvense on Wikimedia Commons.