Asimov's Mar-Apr '78: B Aldiss, J D Haldeman II & R Wilson

I recently read Richard Wilson's 1958 story "Man Working" and gave it a mixed but more or less friendly review.  One of this blog's well-read commenters pointed out that Wilson published a sequel to "Man Working," or at least a story set in the same setting, in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine in 1978.  It makes sense to read this '78 story while I still remember the '58 piece, so let's read it today.  While we are at it, we'll take a look at some other stuff in that issue of Asimov's.

Right there in the beginning of the magazine is a crude ad for TSR's board game Dungeon! and an early edition of Dungeons and Dragons.  As a kid I played tons of Basic/Expert D&D and 1st edition AD&D with my brother, and spent many many hours poring over the piles of rulebooks, modules and issues of Dragon magazine I accumulated, and I still think about Dungeons and Dragons every day, my mind still bubbling with ideas for dungeon layouts and quest hooks and different magic systems and easier ways to simulate the interaction between sharp or blunt weapons striking rigid or flexible, metal or cloth armor, and on and on.  (Later we'd get into Warhammer 40,000 and I still think about Eldar psychic powers and jet bikes and Imperial Titans and superheavy tanks and comic relief Space Ork weapons systems.)  

Then we get Asimov's boring editorial about the definition of the term "science fiction;" fun fact: Asimov doesn't care for "speculative fiction," the most successful candidate for a replacement for the term "science fiction."  More entertaining is a sophisticated ad for an edition of Dunsany stories illustrated by Tim Kirk, and more valuable is Charles N. Brown's quite good book column, which briefly addresses many books and succeeds in saying useful things about each of them.  In the back of the magazine we've got the letters column, including a chummy one from Barry Malzberg in which he expresses gratitude over how well his story "The Several Murders of Roger Ackroyd" was presented in the Winter 1977 issue.  I feel like I recognize its title but I don't think I have ever read the story, so maybe we'll be seeing "The Several Murders of Roger Ackroyd" discussed soon here at MPorcius Fiction Log.

There's a ton of fiction in the Mar-Apr '78 issue of Asimov's but we are only going to read three pieces, those by Brian Aldiss, Jack C. Haldeman II, and the aforementioned Richard Wilson.  I considered reading A. Bertram Chandler's included Grimes story, but decided to put it off--my memories of the Grimes stories I read in the period before this blog was summoned via occult procedures from the nether world are that they are just OK, and if I am going to tackle the vast Grimes corpus someday I will want to start with stories published earlier or that depict Grimes earlier in his career.

"The Small Stones of Tu Fu" by Brian Aldiss

Aldiss doesn't use the word, but this is a story about God and God's feelings about the world he created, and dramatizes a tension between the idea that God loves everybody and everything equally, and the idea that God has favorites.

Our narrator appears to be a time traveller from the future who likes to explore different places and periods in China.  He is hanging out with an aged poet and sage, Tu Fu, visiting a site by a river where stand some monoliths.  Were these monoliths placed by a king to commemorate his military victories during the era of the Three Kingdoms, or did they appear naturally?  Tu Fu and the narrator exchange little puns and other little jokes--I have to question the appropriateness of Aldiss filling this story, in which people are, presumably, speaking Chinese, with English puns.  Then things get philosophical.  Tu Fu looks at how the action of the river has, over time, "organized" by size  the stones and shells that lie on the river bank.  Is this merely the result of random, natural, undirected action, or the work of some obsessively punctilious Intelligence that seeks to order and organize the entire world?  And does this Intelligence hate humanity because people are forever undoing its organizing work, shifting stones and shells and everything else to suit its own whims, like the kids who are on the bank picking up and throwing stones, or further grand purposes, like the kings who equip armies and raise monuments?  The old sage Tu Fu dies within an hour or so of raising these philosophical questions, and the time traveller returns to the far future, to a time when no human survives, and we realize our narrator is the Intelligence theorized by Tu Fu.  We are assured, however, that, despite Tu Fu's fears, that the narrator, the creator and obsessive organizer of our world, does not hate humanity, but loves each human as he loves each pebble, recognizing the unique value of each person and of each stone.  Still, it is clear he loves Tu Fu more than the rest of humanity, and will treasure a pebble Tu Fu picked up and handed to him more than any other pebble.

This story is well-written, and maybe some will find it profound in its attitude about God or clever with its paradoxes and jokes, but one could just as easily see it as a pretentious trifle, as filler of an uppity or presumptuous type.  We'll mildly recommend it.

"The Small Stones of Tu Fu" has been reprinted in many anthologies of material from Asimov's as well as in a bunch of Aldiss collections. 

"The Agony of Defeat" by Jack C. Haldeman II

Pop, my maternal grandfather, always watched Wide World of Sports, to which the title of "The Agony of Defeat" alludes, but I never got very interested in sports myself.  It looks like Haldeman's contribution to Asimov's is a sports story and a joke story, but I'm reading it anyway--at six pages, I can probably take it.

It is the future--it is illegal for humans to participate in football games, the sport being judged too dangerous.  So for a while the game has been played by robots.  But this year a team of genetically engineered freaks who have enough oxen and gazelle ancestry to legally be recognized as non-human have made their way to the Superbowl.

This lame filler story describes that beast-man vs droid Superbowl and the way two sportscasters cover it.  There are slapstick jokes and little else.  Two sample jokes: 1) One of the freaks bites the ear off of one of the sportscasters.  2) The robot team is named the Armadillos and they have brought with them to the stadium hundreds of real armadillos as mascots--when some scamp releases all the little armored insectivores onto the field the freaks are stupid enough that they mistake an armadillo for a football.  

Total waste of time.

A paperback book version of the contents of the March-April 1978 issue of Asimov's was produced under the title Comets and Computers and so that is one place where "The Agony of Defeat" was "reprinted."  This piece of junk can also be found in Laughing Space, a big anthology edited by Asimov and his wife, J. O. Jeppson.

"The Far King" by Richard Wilson

This is why we are here, a novelette of about 43 pages that would be reprinted in various Asimov-associated publications, the anthology Another Round at the Spaceport Bar and a 735-page Wilson collection put out by Centipede Press in 2018.          

Small town girl Ann Bagley is the daughter of a preacher.  Dad is an unusual member of the clergy--he thinks other planets have fostered intelligent life, probably more intelligent than that on Earth, and that God has sent sons to those planets in the same way He sent Jesus to us Earthers.  Teenaged Ann daydreams about meeting one of these dreamy Christs from another world the way another girl might dream of meeting Elvis or David Cassidy or Corey Haim or whoever (I don't know who the teen heartthrobs of today might be, or even if there are teen heartthrobs anymore.)  

Our narrator is Jack Norkus, the same guy who narrated 1958's "Man Working," though "The Far King" offers a very different explanation of how he learned of the aliens' presence in Chicago than that laid out in the 1958 story.  This discrepancy presages a pervasive theme of the story--people's names and identities are fluid and unknowable, and in fact everything a human (Ann, Jack or the reader) knows may turn out to be untrue.  

Jack is the same age as Ann and grew up in the same small town and attended the church where her father preached; as teens they spent some time together, talking about her father's theories and looking over the books which formed the basis of his theories.  It briefly looked like they might develop a sexual relationship, but this did not eventuate. 

As adults, Jack and Ann meet again in the mile-tall skyscraper in Chicago which is the secret gathering place of space aliens come to Earth to conduct research or do some kind of business.  Like Jack, Ann takes to spending all her free time in the bar 528 stories above the streets of Chi-town that caters to the aliens.  Ann is often referred to by a new, jokey, name, but I am going to keep calling her Ann.

While "Man Working" was about show business, "The Far King" is about sex.  Ann is a serious reader and an able sculptress, but also a terrible tease, and hangs around the bar, arousing Jack and the ETs, sitting in their laps and so forth, without giving them a chance to do anything more than kiss her.  Jack, who seems to make most of his money selling alien drugs to Earthers, when short on funds, will sell his sperm at a local sperm bank; it is implied that the donation center makes the process of donating particularly satisfying, and that Jack goes there to relieve his pent up sexual excitement when Ann has got him all hot and bothered.  

Many of the aliens who hang around the bar can read minds or have super vision or super hearing or whatever, and these unscrupulous types not only learn all of Ann's thoughts and read her copious notes and diary entries, but share all her secrets with Jack.  Thusly we learn Ann's biography and her hopes and dreams, why she acts the way she does.  The plot really gets going when an alien arrives who can project different images of himself to different viewers.  To Jack and Ann, he looks like a handsome human; to the other aliens he looks like an attractive member of their own species.  None of the aliens explain this to poor Ann, and she falls in love with this new alien, Leo Reo, purportedly royalty on his home planet.

Jack and we readers learn Leo Reo's life story from a talking robot encyclopedia.  ("The Far King" isn't one of those stories in which the protagonist has a goal and we follow him in a straight line as he tries to overcome obstacles in pursuit of his objective; rather, Wilson's novelette is one of those gossipy stories in which the main plot is related piecemeal in little sub-stories, each of which is imbedded in a little frame, a story in which we learn most everything second hand or third-hand from not-quite-reliable narrators.)  Leo Reo is the second son of a king of some alien society.  While his older brother was being trained for kingship, the neglected Leo Reo engaged in an all-consuming homosexual love affair with an educated male.  Leo Reo's lover acted as a mentor, teaching Leo Reo all about art and culture and how to win over people and manipulate them, so when his brother died in an accident, Leo Reo turned out to be a whiz at making friends and influencing people at court.

So, Ann thinks Leo Reo, whom everybody except she knows is a gay blob monster, is the man she has been waiting for since she was a teen who dreamed of meeting alien Christ analogs.  Wilson doesn't do a very good job making clear the motivations of the characters in this story, but for some reason Leo Reo sort of leads Ann on, fosters her belief that she will have a chance to marry him and become a queen on some other planet.  Then news arrives that his father has died and Leo Reo is now king.  The Far King rushes off, leaving Ann behind.  Ann, suffering the largely self-induced delusion that Leo Reo wants her to come to his world and marry him, buys a ticket to Leo Reo's planet and leaves Earth behind.  On the alien world (where she never realizes all the people she meets are blobs in disguise, even though they touch her intimately), Leo Reo pays Ann only limited attention.  He does use her, in conjunction with various aphrodisiacs and machines, to get aroused so he can produce the sperm needed to impregnate a female of his race--his life of homosexuality has made it very difficult for Leo Reo to get aroused by a female of his own species.  Ann realizes that Leo Reo is more or less doing to her what she did to so many males back in Chicago when she aroused them to achieve her own perverted satisfaction and then left them hanging, frustrated.  Ann returns to Earth.

As foreshadowed by Jack's own sperm donations, Leo Reo doesn't have sex with females, but has his sperm collected by machines that then impregnate many females, making sure there will be an ample supply of heirs.  Leo Reo provides Ann with a little vial of his sperm and a memory tape which she can plug into a dream machine so she can experience virtual reality sex with him and then give birth to his child.  

Or so she thinks!  "The Far King" is all about people being deceived by others and deceiving themselves, about people pretending to be what they are not, putting on false appearances and bearing false names   Jack gets a message from Leo Reo, who has somehow got the idea that Jack and Ann are going to be married--I guess Leo Reo has been deceived by Jack and Ann's alien friends at the bar.   In the message, Leo Reo explains that the sperm in the vial Ann wears around her neck as a locket and is always caressing is not Leo Reo's; after all, he is a blob monster and his sperm could in no way impregnate a human woman.  The sperm is in fact Jack's, a sample of which Leo Reo's agents purchased at the sperm bank that Jack uses as a brothel.

Jack reveals all to Ann, including his desire to make the lie that they are going to be married reality*, but Ann refuses to believe the truth and rejects Jack's proposal.  Finally, however, the aliens at the bar get together to convince Ann to marry Jack and have children with him; why they are doing this was not clear to me, and the way they go about it is ridiculous, I guess just a set up for one of Wilson's jokes, perhaps a meta-joke about common SF tropes.

*One of the story's problems is that Jack never makes clear to the reader why he wants to marry Ann, never talks about what he likes about her, never expresses any affection for her or describes his fascination with her.  

The aliens tell the humans that they have the power to look forward, to see possible futures, and that as a favor they will show Jack and Ann one possible future.  This turns out to be a scam--the "future" they show Jack and Ann is in fact an immersive film about a guy whose wife gives birth to a messiah figure; in the film, father, who appears to Jack and Ann as Jack, and son leave Earth, abandoning mom (Ann), to start a ministry on an alien world; for some reason Jack and Ann's son, who has supernatural powers, murders Jack.  Even though it is revealed that this is a hoax, experiencing the immersive film changes Ann, makes her more mature and wise.  (How would the experience of being betrayed by your husband and son make a woman more mature and wise and more likely to marry the guy who betrayed her in the dream experience?)  Ann decides to marry Jack and have two children, one from the sperm in the vial and one the old fashioned way by having sex with her husband.  The end.

"The Far King" is not very good.  The story is long and convoluted, the narrative zigging and zagging in ways that are frustrating, and which further stress the reader's ability to suspend disbelief in a story which is pretty incredible in many of its elements already.  For example, we are to think Ann and Jack poor, but if the plot requires it they suddenly have the money to fly to another planet or rent a cabin on a lake.  I don't know, maybe this is how the finances of drug dealers work, flush today and impecunious tomorrow, but it is just one instance of Wilson leading you to think one thing and then pulling the rug out from under you.  The big final joke, that the aliens pass off a canned film as a view of the Jack and Ann's future, is also hard to credit, as the film seems to match in every particular Ann and Jack's strange relationships with Leo Reo and Ann's father.  Maybe the film is so interactive that it conforms to the viewers' lives, or maybe it was already based on their lives, but, like Jack and Ann's finances, it is another thing about the story that strains credulity, that takes you out of the story.  

Wilson makes it hard for the reader to care what happens in the story, what happens to the characters.  The jocular tone does not jive with the actual events depicted in the story, all of which are sad.  Is the reader supposed to feel for Ann and Jack?  It is hard to sympathize with the characters because they all behave foolishly and/or unethically.  And all the zigging and zagging, Wilson leading us to believe something and then revealing that it is not true, discourages the reader from taking anything seriously--should I feel bad that something happened to this girl, when it maybe didn't really happen?

Thumbs down for this mess.  

**********

I'd be lying if I told you reading these three stories from the March-April issue of Asimov's was a wonderful experience.  But hey, live and learn.  And the Aldiss is not bad.

More short stories next time, friends.

Amazing, March 1977: B Malzberg, J Pumilia & S Utley, R Lupoff, G Cook, R Brown, J Haldeman and V Haldeman

In a recent perambulation around the internet archive, world's greatest website, it came to my attention that the issue of Amazing dated March 1977 includes a story by Barry N. Malzberg which has never been printed elsewhere.  I was moved to read this fugitive piece of Malzbergiana.  I don't build entire blog posts out of single short stories anymore, so, I decided to check out the entire issue.

The departments of this issue of Amazing are pretty lively.  Editor Ted White devotes his editorial to complaining about the 1976 World Science Fiction Convention, held in Kansas City, a city Ted considers quite overrated.  The centerpiece of his litany of gripes is the speech by Guest of Honor Robert A. Heinlein.  It seems Heinlein was ostentatiously unprepared, and delivered an oration that, in addition to featuring content that offended White's left wing sensibilities, was disjointed and rambling.  White suggests Heinlein may be senile, and that his wife has been a malign influence on him.

Ted's complaints do not end with this subpar performance from the inaugural SFWA Grand Master--far from it!  The play ("Sails of Moonlight, Eyes of Dusk") was bad.  One of the five belly dancers was an incompetent amateur.  The panels had too many participants, six or even eight, when the latest developments in panel organizing indicate that a good panel can include as few as two people.  And there was no celebration at the Convention of the fact that 1976 was Amazing's 50th anniversary!  

In the letters column a guy from Chicago writes in to attack the September 1976 issue and to complain that there is too much homosexuality in SF (or "stf," as everybody writing in Amazing styles it.)  A radio technician serving in the Army writes in to point out errors in Gregory Benford's column in that Sept. '76 issue.  But a British correspondent heaps praise on Amazing, telling Ted to ignore such critics, as Ted is doing everything right and Amazing shows unique "courage, freshness of approach, and, above all, imagination"!

The column on fanzines by Rich Brown (I think Susan Wood's name on the heading is a printing error) turned me on to fanzines I'd never heard of, like British fanzine Maya (at the link find Maya 12&13, in which Christopher Priest ferociously attacks David Kyle's Pictorial History of Science Fiction (a book I recently purchased) asserts that 1930s SF illustration is garbage (gotta disagree here) and expresses his detestation of the middle classes (again, I object!)) and Nickelodeon, the first issue of which had a Richard Corben cover and apparently included a nude centerfold (I couldn't find any scans of this zine, just the cover, but Nickelodeon's predecessor, Trumpet, some issues of which are available online, certainly features its share of topless men and women.)  Darrell Schweitzer's interview of Hal Clement has interesting things in it: Clement admits he doesn't put much work into the characters of his stories, focusing instead on the science; describes his relationship with John W. Campbell, Jr.; and reveals that he has sold astronomical paintings under the pen name George Richard.       

Here's a George Richard I found online, Roche Limit

Alright, so the non-fiction sections of this copy of Amazing were a really profitable and entertaining read.  I can also recommend the issue's ads for wargames, both of Stephen Fabian's illustrations, and one of Tony Gleeson's. 

Now we attack the fiction.  I am skipping the biggest piece of fiction, Robert F. Young's Alec's Anabasis, as I haven't actually read Xenophon and assume I will miss all the references, but I am going to give everything else--seven pieces!--a try.  Most bloated blog post ever!

"Shibboleth" by Barry N. Malzberg   

This is what dun brought us here, a Malzberg available to the faithful in no other venue!

"Shibboleth" has a bit in common with 1974's "Closing the Deal," which, when I read it, I found to be a better than average Malzberg, more clear and with more identifiable, more "normal" characters.  (Malzberg's characters tend to be insane.)  In "Closing the Deal," a man with a daughter who has psychic abilities negotiates with an agent, trying to get the girl a job for which she can use her mental powers.  Here in "Shibboleth," a man with a telepathic son negotiates with a show biz agent, trying to get him to manage his son.  In the universe of the 1974 story, psychic powers are relatively common, and the little girl is sort of a third-string talent, but here in "Shibboleth" the mind-reading boy is a one-of-a-kind freak.  The boy's powers stir up trouble in school, and Dad is desperate for help, but doesn't want to sonny boy to a medical professional because he is sure the kid will then end up in the hands of the government and be weaponized for use in the cold war.  Dad thinks being in show biz will somehow help protect the kid, that everybody will assume evidence of his powers is a trick.  But Dad has made a mistake--the entertainment agent immediately calls the Feds, who collect father and son.  Father frets that "the enemy" will soon learn of the existence of the boy and launch a "first strike" and this will start a nuclear war and destroy the world.

This is an acceptable story, but not as good, not as nuanced or surprising or sophisticated, as "Closing the Deal."

"Our Vanishing Triceratops" by Joe Pumilia and Steven Utley

We read a collaboration between Pumilia and Utley back in 2016, "Hung Like an Elephant," the tale of a man who wakes up one morning to find his penis has been replaced by a small elephant's head.  The same year we read a solo story by Utley in which a gynecologist looks between a woman's legs and finds a portal to outer space, "Womb With a View."  In 2017 we read a solo Pumilia tale, "The Porter of Hell-Gate," a mediocre production about evil energy creatures invading from another universe.

"Our Vanishing Triceratops" has never been printed again, which is not a good sign, but I love dinosaurs, so maybe I'll like it?

Dow, Daniel, and Jhiminex are from the future, when pollution has killed off most species and radically lowered human life expectancy.  D, D & J have been sent back in time to collect specimens for the purpose of cloning and repopulating the Earth.  Dow is a big good-looking responsible guy.  Daniel is sort of a nerd, imaginative, maybe rebellious.  Daniel envies Dow because his wife left him for Dow (well, not exactly; as in a lot of SF, people of the future of "Our Vanishing Triceratops" engage each other in short term contractual sexual relationships it is more fair to say she cancelled her contract Danny boy early and started a new contract with hunky Dow.)  Jhiminex is a slug-like fetus creature, a clone of Daniel extensively modified so it can control the esoteric energies that power the time machine (in a sense, he is the time machine) and communicate telepathically with D & D.  Daniel and Dow fly around the Paleoscene with their jet packs, scraping samples off trees and whatever to carry back to the  barren Earth of the future.

All that stuff I just told you above we learn in fits and starts in a different order as the story proceeds.

The plot of the story concerns how they find dinosaur tracks--a small number of Triceratops must have survived into the early Paleoscene--and Daniel becomes obsessed with tracking the ceratopsian down to collect a sample from it.  Dow and Jhiminex tell him there is no time, they can only stay in this period of history for a certain number of minutes before surplus time energy residue or whatever accumulates and they will have to leave.  Because the same person can't go back to the same time period a second time, Daniel won't be able to search for dinosaurs again, and insists on searching for the triceratops in a concealing woods.  (Time travel stories often have rules that feel arbitrary and seem to have been tailored to facilitate the drama the author wants to create--not all SF authors prioritize the science the way Hal Clement does.)  When Dow tries to stop Daniel, Daniel stabs him.  Dow hurries back to the time machine to staunch his wound.  Jhiminex can't hold back the time machine any longer and he and Dow leave without Daniel, who has found the triceratops; the beast is old, cancerous, the last of its kind, and it dies seconds after Daniel sees it.  Daniel, it is implied, commits suicide next to the giant reptile's corpse.

OK, but no big deal.  

"The Bentfin Boomer Girl Comes Thru" by Richard A. Lupoff

In 2014 I read Lupoff's Sandworld  and said of it "I am forced to consider that it may be: a rush job done for money that Lupoff padded out with his banal political views; a half-hearted debunking or satire of pulp adventures that fails to be insightful or amusing; or, a sincere attack on criminal justice in America that Lupoff made salable to Berkley by setting it on another planet.  Or some combination of these."  In 2015 I read his Crack in the Sky and wrote that it "is not very good. We've all seen domed cities, pollution, overpopulation, group marriages, planned economies, etc. before, and Lupoff doesn't add anything new that I can see to these well-worn widgets and doodads from the SF toolbox."  And in 2017 I read "With the Bentfin Boomer Boys on Little Old New Alabama" and said of it "It is easy to see why critics like this story: there are the anti-racist and anti-war messages and the caricature of Southerners, and Lupoff's ambitious, extravagant and experimental wordplay in the New Alabaman chapters in which he mines every possible pun, phonetic spelling and form of punctuation for potential laughs.  But I found reading the story a chore."

And yet here I am in 2022 reading another long piece by Lupoff, a sequel to "With the Bentfin Boomer Boys on Little Old New Alabama" called "The Bentfin Boomer Girl Comes Thru."  (These two stories, and other material set in the same milieu, formed the basis for the 1978 novel Space War Blues.)  Well, I guess I can make my way through 18 pages of puns, phonetic spelling and parody.

'Nifykin look outha porole sreely pretty, sreely pretty, lookna Port Upatoi swinging roun thole mudball, thole goodole place, it's maybe not the prettiest place na whole universe but nobody ever said it was, it was home though m that counted frole lot that swat Leander Laptip saw outha portole:

Oy.

I have the exact same praise and criticism for "The Bentfin Boomer Girl Comes Thru" that I had five years ago for "With the Bentfin Boomer Boys on Little Old New Alabama." While I attacked Sandworld and Crack in the Sky for being shoddy and rushed and lazy, Lupoff obviously put a lot of effort into these Space War Blues stories, carefully crafting all the puns and phonetic spellings and novel forms of punctuation that make up the dialect of N'Alabama.  Of course, it takes a lot of effort to read this idiosyncratic text, and the question is whether the reward is worthy of that effort.  Well, on the red side of the ledger, many of the jokes are obvious and many of the scenes feel long and slow, being overly detailed (it takes half a page for somebody to undress, for example.)  But in the black column are some of the SF elements, like the space station and the medical technology and the rehab regime the characters go through, which are good; as for the plot and themes, they are OK, though the characters' goals and the obstacles they face get less interesting as the story proceeds instead of more interesting.

The plot:  We've got three chapters.  In the first, a man, Leander Laptip, and a woman, Mizzy Lizzy Cadbell, both service members of the space navy of the redneck planet of New Alabama, arrive at a space station orbiting N'Alabama, severely injured in the war with the blacks of planet New Haiti (whom we don't actually see in this story, unlike in "With the Bentfin Boomer Boys on Little Old New Alabama," which was like 90 pages long and featured numerous chapters set on N'Haiti.)  They glimpse each other's broken bodies briefly, and then are separated as they go through the lengthy process of rehabilitation, therapy, and installation of protheses for many lost body parts.  In the second chapter, all healed up, Leander and Mizzy Lizzy formally meet and become friends.  They are mustered out of the service and given a hero's welcome on the surface.  They look for work, but for some reason all their job offers involve being prostitutes or actors in porn films (strip clubs, pornography, and prostitution play a large role in these Space War Blues stories, or at least the two I have read.)  In chapter three Leander and Mizzy Lizzy begin work as porn actors, and become a worldwide sensation and get rich.  But their sex life is not exactly satisfying, as their genitals are artificial and require conscious effort to operate--for example, Leander doesn't spontaneously get an erection when he sees Mizzy Lizzy disrobe, he has to will an erection to occur.  Maybe this story is in part about how technology ruins our relationships, separates us from the natural world, including from our own bodies! 

Like its predecessor, "The Bentfin Boomer Girl Comes Thru" is a borderline case, admirable but not necessarily enjoyable, a product of ambition and industry that perhaps lacks appeal.  

"The Recruiter" by Glen Cook

This is an effective story, a cynical look at the grim dark future of interstellar travel and brain transplants!  Earth has fallen into total ruin over the centuries; all the smart and brave people having left, only wretched scavengers willing to live on the meager government dole remain, billions of them.  Earth's government is in deep debt to the more vital colony worlds, and so they allow recruiters from the colonies to just shanghai any Earth people they can find into the space navies that wage war on the frontiers of human occupied space.  

Our narrator was born on Earth, joined the space marines to get off the planet-sized slum, and was killed while serving, but his brain was intact and he was reborn in a robot body.  In that armed and armored metal shell he acts as a one-man press gang among the crumbling ruins of Earth cities, stunning people and bringing them to HQ to be drafted into a space navy...or cut to pieces, their brains used as computer components, their organs as spare parts for more productive people!  When the narrator has brought in enough "recruits" he will be rewarded by having his brain installed into a fresh beautiful human body being grown in a vat!  Then he can go to some frontier world and live a peaceful independent life.

The background above is basically the whole story; the plot concerns the narrator capturing some kids and then having an attack of conscience, but, reminded that he only has to catch one or two more recruits before he gets that fresh new healthy body, silencing his qualms about consigning poor people to being carved up for use as spare parts.       

I like it.  Cook is a capable writer of this kind of material.  In the period before this blog escaped from the laboratory to roam the countryside and express its bitterness, I read Cook's ten grim dark Black Company books and, though they got less interesting as I made my way through them, on the whole I enjoyed them and can recommend the first four.  (I actually wrote a little about the Black Company series in the early days of this blog when I opined about a list somebody put together of the top 100 SF books.)  

"The Recruiter" would be reprinted in 2012 in the Cook collection Winter's Dreams.

"Two of a Kind" by Richard W. Brown

This is a pornographic story about racist violence in the grim dark future.  America has suffered "the Breakup," whatever that is, and rural people are resorting to cannibalism during a race war in which "Feds" scour the countryside, exterminating black people.

Our narrator is out hunting when he is captured by two Feds--he is technically poaching so the Feds can summarily execute him, but he convinces them that he knows where a black couple and their children are hiding out, and they spare him--for now!--so he can lead them to their shack.  The Feds plan to rape the woman before killing her, and discuss all kinds of crazy sexual abuse they have committed in the past and will commit on this woman, like making her eat their excrement, raping her while her husband watches, etc.  When they get to the shack, Brown describes in detail how they use their laser pistols, set on low, to torture her, compel her to service the narrator with her mouth, and much much more.  To rape her they have to turn off their force fields, and, as we readers have been expecting, the narrator is revealed to be the woman's husband, and once the Feds' energy screens are down he kills them.  As the story ends the narrator looks forward to eating the Feds.

This is real exploitation stuff, and I am a little surprised to see it in Amazing, though I cannot deny that "Two of a Kind" is a competently-crafted action story.  

Unsurprisingly, "Two of a Kind" has never been reprinted.  Richard W. Brown, who apparently preferred to be known as "rich brown" with small initials, has 13 short fiction credits at isfdb and was apparently a very active contributor to fanzines (he wrote the Amazing column on fanzines in this issue and two others.)

"Those Thrilling Days of Yesteryear" by Jack C. Haldeman II 

Jack is the brother of the Joe Haldeman who wrote the famous Forever War and the three Worlds novels I read in 2020.  In 2016 I read Jack's "Sand Castles" and wrote of it "This story is a pointless waste of time, and it is 17 pages long!"  In 2018 I read his "What I Did On My Summer Vacation" and wrote of it, "I think we can see 'What I Did on My Summer Vacation' as an example of literary or New Wave SF that fails utterly, abandoning plot but not replacing plot with human feeling or adept writing or good images, just self indulgent rambling."  

"Those Thrilling Days of Yesteryear" is a gimmicky story that doesn't really work.  An archaeologist gives us a little autobiography, starting with how as a kid he became fascinated with Indian artifacts and then with old coins.  In grad school he learns the impossible truth--there is no physical evidence of ancient and prehistoric times, all those Indian arrowheads and dinosaur bones are fakes made in the 20th century by scientists, who then bury them to preserve their own jobs finding them.  

Barely acceptable.  Nobody saw fit to print this one again.

"An Animal Crime of Passion" by Vol Haldeman   

Vol is Jack's wife.  She has four credits at isfdb, including a collaboration with her husband and Andrew Offut on the eleventh volume of the Spaceways series of erotic space adventure novels.  "An Animal Crime of Passion" has never been reprinted.

"An Animal Crime of Passion" is a light-hearted detective story about a planet in an interstellar civilization upon which live a variety of peaceful herbivorous intelligent species, among whom there is almost zero violent crime.  "An Animal Crime of Passion" is also a joke story about rape.  Wow, this issue of Amazing is really something.

Stuck on the planet is a cop of a carnivorous race, and he is enlisted to help the investigation when one of the native quadrupeds is assaulted and raped.  Because the people who live on this planet are all pacific, the local cops have no experience investigating violent crime and need the help.  The victim can't give much of a description of her attacker, as she was so fixated on his huge penis she noticed little else about him.  

There is a bunch of detective stuff, you know, looking for clues and questioning witnesses and all that, and then finally the culprit is brought in.  It is a human, and he raped the quadruped native thinking she was not a person, but merely an animal, namely a dog.  The joke, I guess, is that back home on Earth this guy fucks dogs on the regular.

The writing style of this story is smooth and jaunty, and up to the last page I expected to give "An Animal Crime of Passion" a passing grade, but the ending is so lame I think I have to give it a thumbs down.  Missed it by that much!

**********

Wow, these are some pessimistic stories!  The Earth is a total wreck!  The authorities are corrupt and abusive!  Everywhere you look there are violent perverts!  Circumstances drive people to degrade themselves and violate others!  Damn!  Well, our next blog post will be about a 1950s SF novel, and maybe it will bring us out of this Seventies malaise. 

Worlds Enough and Time by Joe Haldeman

"...you have come to me because people are quite reasonably not doing what you want them to do.  You want my skills to subvert them.  For the good of the community, of course."

It's time to finish Joe Haldeman's Worlds trilogy.  I read the first volume, Worlds (1981), back in April, and then volume two, Worlds Apart (1983), early this month.  Today it's the final book, Worlds Enough and Time, published in 1992.  I don't actually own a copy of Worlds Enough and Time, and am taking advantage of a scan of the American hardcover edition that is available at the bounteous internet archive.

As you may remember, near the end of the 21st century, twelve years after a nuclear/biological war destroyed civilization on Earth, the people of the satellite societies orbiting Earth, led by the biggest of these "Worlds," New New York, built a star ship and sent it on a colonization trip to Epsilon Eridani, a trip expected to take between 50 and 100 years.  Aboard is our heroine, Marianne O'Hara.  Marianne, we have been told repeatedly, is some kind of prodigy, bound for great things, and in the early chapters of Worlds Enough and Time we learn that the leaders of the starship effort, for years during its construction and preparation, have been keeping a close eye on her and secretly manipulating things like the hierarchical structure of the project's management in order to clear a path for the genius who is Marianne to be elected chief executive of the ship when the current executive dies.  That executive, it is suddenly discovered, when the starship has only just begun its journey, is sick and will die in weeks!  He takes Marianne under his wing, intent on molding her and guiding her so that she won't pull any political boners on her way up the ladder and so that once she reaches the top she won't use her gifts to do anything radical and thus disastrously upset the ship's fragile little society of ten thousand people.

I have been comparing these Worlds books to the work of Robert A. Heinlein, something Haldeman invites us to do by dedicating Worlds Apart to Heinlein in a way that demonstrates Haldeman's affection for and close knowledge of RAH's fiction.  Heinlein novels are full of mentor figures, and the guy who takes Marianne under his wing is just such a figure, though he doesn't have time to give any long lectures as some of Heinlein's mentors are wont to do.  I suspect this guy, a free market economist who also thinks a ship must be run as a virtual dictatorship and who reveals to Marianne that all the votes taken on the ship are rigged by the elite, is supposed to be an embodiment of Heinlein's own thinking and the tension within RAH's his work.

(As I have said numerous times on this blog, classic science fiction, from Isaac Asimov's Foundation stories to Heinlein's The Moon is a Harsh Mistress to much of the oeuvre of A. E. van Vogt, is always telling us that a secret cabal of superior people acting behind the scenes is in control of society, and often asserts that this is not some intolerable injustice or dreadful menace, but a perfectly good idea.  Haldeman follows this hoary old SF tradition here in Worlds Enough and Time.)

Haldeman spends little time talking about Marianne's rise to power, and even less about her tenure as chief executive--as her mentor had hoped, she does nothing dramatic, and Marianne is fortunate in that none of the numerous disasters that strike the ship occur during her administration.  Instead, as in the earlier volumes, much of the narrative is taken up with the drama of Marianne's family life and sex life in a society in which group marriages are the norm and nobody is expected to remain faithful to his or her spouses.  One such plot thread is about Marianne's daughter.  Selected by the authorities to be a mother, Marianne at first tries to have a baby through implantation in her womb of one of her own frozen ova fertilized by an amalgam of her two husbands' DNA--one of her husbands is a drunk and the other is a hunchbacked cripple, and the medicos are trying to fashion a baby that has neither of those men's genetic weaknesses.  This baby miscarries, however, and on her second try Marianne opts for a test tube baby, a clone genetically identical to her grown in a machine.

It sometimes feels like in these Worlds books that Haldeman is portraying the 20th-century life of Western peoples as a hell of racism and sexism and violence and presenting life in the Worlds and on this starship as an alternative, a paradise of communitarian values guided by an enlightened elite, but every so often he hints that there is a dark side to, or at least a heavy price to pay, for this free-love-no-guns-and-no-money utopia.  When Marianne's little clone is decanted from its artificial womb she is allowed to hold it, but only for the briefest of moments.  Little Sandra instantly starts grabbing and biting at Marianne's breast, but is then taken away from her:

She [Marianne] cleared her throat.  "Could you induce, uh, lactation?  If it was--"

"Physically," [the doctor tells her] "it would be no problem, just some hormones.  But we can't let the infant bond to you.  It would make things difficult in the creche.  It would make things difficult for you."

As the novel proceeds, the creche system starts breaking down and Marianne develops a strong relationship with Sandra--this relationship is probably the most important in the book, and figures prominently in the surreal sense-of-wonder climax of the novel.

Marianne's clone baby is of course only the second duplicate Marianne on the ship--in Worlds Apart she had her brain more or less read into a computer, so that a piece of software simulating her personality at the time just before the starship left Earth orbit lives in the computer.  This second Marianne can learn and evolve almost like a real person, and not only holds conversations with the original flesh and blood Marianne but is privy to all the ship's computer systems and databases, including ubiquitous security cameras and mikes, so it knows everything that happens on the ship.  Haldeman likes to mix up his narrative techniques, and while some parts of Worlds Enough and Time are Marianne's own diaries, much of the novel consists of the stories the computer simulation Marianne tells to people two thousand years after flesh and blood Marianne's death.

Besides the many sexual encounters and tragedies that constitute Marianne's relationships, Haldeman focuses on the technical aspects of running the starship and colonization effort  and the many problems the mission faces.  Morale on the ship is often low, and suicide is rampant; people like Marianne are directed to have children in order to buoy the sagging population.  Many people turn to strange new anti-social religions that make them unproductive citizens.  A year after the ship leaves Earth orbit, religious fanatics back on New New York sabotage that World and transmit to the starship a devastating computer virus that erases many important records, technical manuals needed to operate the ship, and much of Earth's literary heritage.  Then half way through the book, like five or six years after the ship has left Earth orbit, a mutant virus kills all the plants on the ship!  It might be years before the farms can fully recover, and the vats can only produce enough yeast to keep a fraction of the people on the ship fed, so like 75% of them have to go into deep freeze.  Unfortunately, for some technical reason, you have to be in deep freeze at least 45 years.  Oh yeah, and like 20% of people die in deep freeze.  Hey, it's still an experimental process!

These problems don't stop the mission, in part because Marianne's old lover on the post-apocalyptic Earth, Jeff, is building a new civilization, and has finally got a transmitter running that can send info to the starship, though by that point it takes years for a message to travel between Terra and the starship.

After her tenure as chief exec, Marianne, age 55, and her daughter, Sandra (she's like eighteen, I think), themselves go into deep freeze.  When they are roused the ship is only a year away from Epsilon Eridani.  Building a colony on Epsilon 3 is going to take a lot of mechanical skills that few people on the ship have, and a lot of manual labor that few people on the ship are keen on performing.  Back in our solar system, Marianne was the lead administrator on the project that developed that system of reading some people's brains so that their skills and inclinations could be written into the brains of others.  Once awakened, Marianne becomes a leader in manipulating people into being reprogrammed to be eager carpenters or plumbers or tractor mechanics or whatever. 

The last 75 or so pages of the book cover the exploration and colonization of Epsilon 3 during Marianne's lifetime.  Marianne faces more tragedy as her family members get killed, but she also becomes the savior of the human race--all that talk through three books of her high IQ and unique experiences has been leading up to this.  On Epsilon 3 the colonists meet aliens with god-like power--they can teleport anywhere in the universe instantly, they can blow up planets with their minds, they can reprogram our minds.  In fact, it was these jokers who massaged the brains of the leaders of the starship project way back in the beginning so they'd pick Epsilon Eridani as a destination because there wasn't already an intelligent race in the Epsilon system for us to corrupt or murder.

As we've seen in other SF stories, these masters of the universe fear humanity is too violent to join interstellar civilization and put us on trial for our lives.  They give Marianne a test which involves horrendous physical and psychological torture--if she fails the test these entities will exterminate the human race in the Epsilon system and back in the Solar system.  One component of this test, which has the aliens teleporting Marianne to all different planets and even changing the shape of her body into that of a scaly amphibious beast from another world, is making her choose between being tossed into a river of lava or letting them toss Sandra into it.  Luckily for all of us, Marianne passes the test, and luckily for Marianne the aliens pull her out of the lava before she dies and the doctors on Epsilon 3 are able to rebuild her ruined body.  In gratitude, Epsilon 3 is named after Marianne and future generations actually construct a religion around her and her diaries.

Worlds Enough and Time is a good read, even if its themes (religion is a load of crap, aliens put us violent humies on trial, we'd all be better off if scientific experts ran our lives for us) are ones we've seen before.  I like all the technical stuff about life in space and colonizing a new planet.  But I have to say that the second Worlds book, Worlds Apart, is the best.  That book is full of fighting, which is entertaining, and the considerable portion of it that takes place on Earth with Jeff as its protagonist adds variety.  The relationship of Jeff and Marianne is also more affecting than any of Marianne's many other relationships, though the Sandra relationship is pretty good.

The Worlds trilogy is not spectacular, but it is a success.  I'm glad I gave it a whirl.

Worlds Apart by Joe Haldeman

The system she'd grown up in was a crazy-quilt of electronic democracy, communalism, anarchy, bureaucracy, technocracy.  She knew the anarchy was largely an illusion, a formalism that the actual power structure tolerated as a safety valve.

We recently read Joe Haldeman's 1981 Worlds, and today we tackle the sequel, 1983's Worlds Apart.  I own the Ace paperback, which quotes a New York Times review that compares it to William Golding's Lord of the Flies, one of the more memorable books we were forced to read in school.  (If you've got an itch to read about one of Golding's very literary novels, consider checking out my blogpost on Golding's Pincher Martin.)

Worlds in some ways reminded me of the work of Robert Heinlein, and Worlds Apart is dedicated, in a slightly oblique way, to Heinlein, the dedication presented as being to a list of famous Heinlein characters.

After two pages of setting the scene and reminding us of what happened in Worlds, we are in hard sf territory as smarty pants Marianne O'Hara is learning how to wear a space suit--New New York, the asteroid in Earth orbit where a quarter of a million people live, was damaged in the war that just wiped out civilization on Earth and even bookworms like Marianne have to pitch in with the repairs, going on spacewalks during which they must manipulate girders and other building materials in zero gee.  We also learn various things about the changing demographics and economics of the satellite that result from an influx of refugees from more severely damaged Worlds (as these big inhabited satellites are called) and because there are no more raw materials forthcoming from the blasted Earth.

My copy, front

In Worlds we got like 30 pages on New New York and then Marianne was down on Earth, getting mixed up in various social entanglements and dangerous espionage jazz.  Worlds Apart starts in a similar way--Marianne does that zero gee work, enters into a group marriage with two men on the station whom we met in Worlds, and then on page 29 she gets sent on a dangerous mission to Earth!  Marianne may be a scholar in her early twenties, but she is one of the very few people on New New York to have ever been on Earth or been in a gun fight...or even held a gun!  So she is handpicked for the mission.

The war that destroyed civilization on Terra was triggered by a revolution, and the revolutionaries launched their catastrophic uprising when the American economy was already in crisis because of a trade dispute with the Worlds.  So some Germans blame New New York for the holocaust, and they want revenge!  There is one last space shuttle at the spaceport in Zaire, and these jerries are making their way south from the fatherland to it, bringing with them a nuclear bomb which they plan to detonate on the surface of New New York kamikaze-style.  New New York doesn't have any pistols or rifles, much less a laser cannon or ballistic missile launcher, so they can't just bomb the Zaire spaceport and be done with it--instead they are sending down to Africa a commando squad of eight people armed with four jury-rigged flamethrowers less deadly than a revolver, and Marianne carries one of the flamers.

On the Earth's surface, Marianne and the rest of the squad from New New York have to wear their spacesuits, because the air is full of a biological weapon unleashed on the world by the commies during the recent war.  This virus has killed almost everybody on Terra over the age of twenty, so all the groundhogs the team from New New York runs into are kids!  Back when Marianne was a transfer student on Earth, sub-Saharan Africa was more civilized than the USA--like on New New York, ownership of firearms was verboten in Zaire.  (Libertarians might like the attitude towards sex of the Worlds books, with legal prostitution and a wide variety of forms of marriage, but Haldeman's apparent position on the right to keep and bear arms will make them groan.)  But now the place has reverted to savagery, and the kids attack them with spears and bows--these orphans blame the Worlds for the war that killed their parents.   

The mission is a success: the shuttle is seized, along with some valuable nitrogen from a cryogenics lab at the spaceport--nitrogen is one of the critical raw materials New New York used to import from Earth.   They also pick up some stowaways, two African kids, one of whom survives the shuttle's acceleration; on New New York scientists take samples of the virus from her and synthesize a cure.

My copy, back

I am tempted to see this Zaire spaceport episode, in which Marianne has to shoot some kids who are attacking with primitive weapons and a bolt action tranquilizer rifle loaded with poison darts, as a sort of allegory or microcosm of Western imperialism--an advanced society, pursuing resources and participating in military competition with a second advanced society, finds itself fighting primitives and carrying off not only valuable resources from the primitive people's place of residence but some of the primitives themselves.  I thought a theme of Worlds was admiration and sympathy for black people, who have suffered in a world created by whites, and I think I see that theme in this sequel as well.

Four years after the start of the war, two years after the Zaire mission, New New York receives a weak signal from the SouthEastern USA--it is Jeff, Marianne's boyfriend while she was on Earth, the rogue FBI agent who saved her life repeatedly with his fighting and survival skills.  Apparently his acromegaly has rendered him resistant to the virus that has killed almost all other adults.  Employing his first aid training and knowledge gained from old medical books, Jeff has become a travelling doctor, trading his services for food and other items of value.  Haldeman devotes a quarter or a third of Worlds Apart to chronicling Jeff's adventures as he travels around a world full of hideous mutants, dangerous bandits, and adherents to a religion that reveres Charles Manson, helping people and fighting for his life.  This is real post-apocalyptic stuff, lots of violence and grue, lots of scavenging and ruins.

As the years go by, Marianne rises in the ranks of the administrative apparatus ("Having attained Grade 15 in only five years of service made her something of a prodigy....")  We learn all about the way New New York is managed in Worlds Apart, and find it is a collectivist technocracy run by headshrinkers!  There is said to be no politics, with personnel decisions being made by a Board of experts based on "exhaustive psychological testing" (there is little private property on New New York and so no market incentives or competition.)  At times I thought Haldeman was trying to have his cake and eat it too, dressing up the rule of an unelected elite with liberal trappings--we are told there is freedom of speech on New New York and there are plenty of references to referenda on public issues and elections for "Policy Coordinators"--but Haldeman does show us some of the dark side of this rule by unaccountable bureaucrats when Marianne is called in for questioning one day by a member of the Board who refuses to give her name.  This member of the ruling class administers a drug to Marianne and hypnotizes her into having the right attitude--satisfaction with the work the Board assigns her, an eagerness to obey them, and a willingness to snitch to them about her husbands!

This ambiguity, the tension between the vision of New New York as a collectivist tyranny and the vision of New New York as a peaceful sexually liberated utopia, reminded me of the tensions we see in the body of work of Robert Heinlein, who we often think of as a libertarian but who also stressed in much of his fiction the idea that a ship can't survive unless the crew obey the captain slavishly--New New York, a city in a hollowed-out asteroid orbiting Earth, is, of course, much like a huge ship.

The novel also follows New New York's various high tech projects, like building a starship capable of reaching Epsilon Eridani in 50 or 100 years (which involves mining for fuel an antimatter star that lies nearby) and sending drones with plague cure down to Earth.  Jeff is sent some of the cure, but people who worship Charles Manson have come to accept death at the age of twenty as a divine mandate and refuse treatment!

Both of Marianne's two husbands, they being among the top engineers on New New York, are prominent among those working on the starship project, and Marianne herself ends up getting an important post as an administrator on the project, the responsibility of selecting who will be heading to Epsilon Eridani.  The star ship will carry ten thousand people, and she must carefully chose them based on measures of physical and mental suitability and with an eye that all the many skills a new colony out there in orbit around another star will need be represented among them.  But thanks to the mass death brought on by the war, many occupations have become the preserve of a rare few, with only a handful of people, or even just a single individual, educated in their ways, and many of those people are too old or unhealthy, or unwilling, to leave New New York.

Marianne, working with a psychologist, develops a solution to this staffing issue that some may suspect is an offense to human dignity.  A computer program is developed that can examine your brain and record your personality.  (A side effect of this is computer software that simulates your brain at a certain point in time with which you can hold conversations; Marianne is the first to have her personality reproduced and she talks with her simulacra--it is like having a conversation with herself.)  Parts of these recorded personalities can be written into some other person's brain, so, if it is felt that the star ship needs an expert in the fashioning of lab equipment, but the only dude who is well-versed in producing test tubes and beakers refuses to volunteer, a reading can be made of his brain and then a passion for test tube manufacture can be implanted in the brain of some adventurous bloke champing at the bit to take a one-way trip out of the solar system.

One of the recurring themes of Worlds Apart is how Marianne is torn between different courses of action, must decide between different roles and life paths.  As in Worlds, she has to make decisions about the many men in her life.  Decisions perhaps more exciting to dedicated SF fans are her career decisions--does she really want to fly off to Eridani Epsilon with her husbands, or stay in our Solar System and become a diplomat working to build a productive relationship between the Worlds and the Earth, the job which all her education and experiences have prepared her for perfectly?  Eight years after the war she takes on the leadership of an expedition down to Westchester County (the county directly north of New York City), which her experiences on Earth ably suit her for.  Of course this job gets in the way of her work selecting and recruiting the crew of the star ship.  The object of this mission is to help some young people there in Westchester start a functioning farm, and Marianne spends months on the Earth's surface, including dangerous forays into Manhattan in search of equipment and supplies where she has to confront feral dogs and rival scavengers.       

The expedition is not exactly a success, and, as with the Zaire commando op, I have to wonder if this humanitarian mission is some kind of commentary on white intervention in nonwhite territories/societies.  (The leader of the Westchester group, and the more memorable Westchester characters, are black, and the mission, though well-intentioned, arguably caused the Westchester residents as much trouble as it solved, as well as getting some spacers killed.)

Worlds Apart is 227 pages long, but the print and margins are pretty big (compare page 75 of Worlds Apart to page 75 of the 1972 printing of A. E. van Vogt's The Beast below) and there is a lot of brisk sex and violence, so it never feels slow or long.  The Westchester expedition and Jeff's success in organizing a sort of stable settlement in Florida form a sort of climax around page 200.  The last 10 percent or so of the book briefly let us know what happened in the period from ten through 24 years after the war.  Disillusioned by all her trips to Earth, each of which has ended up with her fighting for her life against dangerous characters and experiencing the death of people she cares about, Marianne embraces the star ship project.  Twelve years after the war, the star ship leaves New New York with her aboard, and twelve years after that it becomes clear that the new antimatter engine is efficient enough that they will reach Epsilon Eridani within Marianne's lifetime.  Marianne receives a message from Jeff, who is achieving success in expanding civilization in the SouthEast of the former United States, squashing the Manson religion and introducing forms of democracy and the rule of law.  Thus the novel ends on twin notes of hope and with the good old "sense of wonder," the idea that mankind's future is ripe with astounding, limitless, possibilities.

Worlds Apart is a smooth and entertaining read--I think I enjoyed it more than Worlds.  All the hard sf stuff--living and working in space and figuring out how to staff and supply a star ship, et al.--and the action scenes, which involve many different types of weapons and lots of gore, are good.  I also thought the human relationship scenes were more effective here in Worlds Apart than in Worlds--in particular the scenes suggesting that, as they separately go about their busy and at times horrible lives, Marianne and Jeff are quietly heartbroken over their separation, each having been the love of the other's life.  I also liked that Marianne was less of a passenger and more of a driver of the plot here, that she actually had to make decisions and live with them.

A solid book I don't hesitate to recommend.  Soon I will read the final book in Haldeman's Worlds trilogy, 1992's Worlds Enough and Time, and you'll hear all about it here at MPorcius Fiction Log.

Worlds by Joe Haldeman

Jeff hadn't mentioned the third alternative, that I marry him and stay here.  What would that be like?  Marianne O'Hara, groundhog.  I couldn't see it.  Not even in this wonderful city.  The Earth is closed space; history's mistakes endlessly repeating.  The future belongs to the Worlds.   

My copy

I've owned a copy of Joe Haldeman's Worlds, a 1990 Avon paperback edition of the 1981 novel, for quite a while.  A twitter discussion of the cover art for the 1984 edition of the 1983 sequel, Worlds Apart, brought Worlds to mind so I decided to read it.

It is the future, the late 21st century.  Orbiting Earth are forty-one "Worlds," asteroids which, collectively, have a population of almost half a million people.  This is hard sf, and in the start of the book we hear how the asteroids were hollowed out and moved into position and spun for gravity and how they are mined for minerals that are sold to Earth and other Worlds, etc.  One of the most prominent of the Worlds is New New York, home to 250,000 people, including our protagonist, Marianne O'Hara; Worlds is sort of a biography of O'Hara's early life, you might call a bildungsroman.

Worlds immediately reminded of Robert Heinlein's work.  Like "The Menace from Earth" and The Moon is a Harsh Mistress, Haldeman's novel is largely concerned with speculations on what it will be like living on a satellite of Earth--the relationship between the satellite dwellers and the Earthers, in particular--and on future family arrangements and sexual life.  Like so many of Heinlein's juveniles, it follows a young person as he or she goes on an adventure, learns about the universe, and gets mixed up in war and/or politics.  Other Heinleinian notes are sounded--nudism, revolutionary organizations, ways in which a polity might limit the franchise, for example.

In the 21st century group marriages and regularized sexual promiscuity, of varying kinds, are the norm, with different customs prevailing on different Worlds, and drugs are used to control the onset of puberty and fertility--some girls have sex and bear children at age twelve, others elect to hold off puberty until they are 17 or 18. 

Marianne O'Hara is a superior person, a girl who delays puberty until 17 and spends her teen years focusing on her education, including grad school.  In the 21st century group marriages and regularized sexual promiscuity, of varying forms, are the norm, with different customs prevailing on different Worlds.  Drugs are used to control the onset of puberty and fertility--some girls have sex and bear children at age twelve, others, like Marianne, elect to hold off puberty until they are relatively old.

First edition

A genius, who has had academic papers published before her chemically-induced adulthood begins, Marianne wins a scholarship to spend a year doing postgraduate work on Earth--only one in a thousand people from Marianne's asteroid ever get the opportunity to visit Earth, we are told.

We spend like 30 pages in orbit as Marianne grows up, learning about the Worlds' array of cultures and meeting minor characters, and then our hero, at age 19 or 20, starts her visit to Earth in New York.  My old stomping grounds, in 2084 when Marianne gets there, is a crime ridden mess where there is a heavily armored cop on every corner, ordinary people wear long knives to deter muggers and rapists, and the Empire State Building is in ruins, left that way as a memorial of the Second American Revolution or Second American Civil War that put in place the current form of government.  Marianne makes friends with various people, becomes a crime victim, gets mixed up with an underground group of rebels who aren't crazy about the current form of government--they profess to be libertarian activists who act within the law in pursuit of a more representative government and consider violence a last resort, but in fact they are heavily armed terrorist revolutionaries who assassinate people with lasers and have already infiltrated high levels of government.

Haldeman uses a variety of narrative techniques in Worlds.  Much is in the third person, be he also offers up primary documents, like letters Marianne exchanges with her friends back on New New York, a media interview of one of her friends who describes Marianne's relationship with a third figure, diaries and journals written by Marianne and people who know her.  This way Haldeman can, for example, in one chapter--a diary entry--show us Marianne's view of the terrorists immediately after meeting them, and in the next chapter--a third-person omniscient passage--explicitly show how they are misrepresenting themselves.

The bulk of the plot of the novel consists of three intertwined threads.  One is Marianne's relationships with a number of men, and her decisions about whether she should have sex with each of them and which of them she should marry--remember, this is the promiscuous sex/group marriage future in which it is normal to have multiple concurrent lovers and spouses.  The men are all very different from each other, on New New York there's John the crippled engineer, Charlie the big muscular religious man from a World where they have a sex-focused religion and people customarily have sex in public, and Daniel, a scientist.  In New York there's Benny the poet and painter who gets mixed up with the revolutionary group, and Jeff the FBI agent who is taking classes.  The spy stuff involving the revolutionaries is another thread, and a third is souring relations between the USA and New New York, involving boycotts and embargoes and tariffs and all that, the result of sudden economic change when some valuable minerals are found on the moon--these minerals can substitute for stuff New New York is currently buying form Earth, and provide an opportunity for greater Worlds independence from Earth.  The danger of being arrested by the US government, or murdered by the rebels, or stuck on Earth because of the embargo, of course complicates things and dials up the tension when Marianne is considering with which men she should have sex and with whom she should build her future.   

Marianne goes on a group tour of Europe, Africa, and Asia, and we get plenty of travelogue stuff.  Marianne writes in her diary that Black Africa is "friendly and modern" but Haldeman doesn't expand on that at all.  He has much more to say about England, France, and the Islamic world--the Muslim countries are portrayed as abominably sexist, the women--including tourists like Marianne--forced to wear chadors, the men groping the female tourists at every opportunity.

Back in America everything comes to a head as relations between the US and New New York get so bad that blackouts occur because New New York stops selling solar power to Earth.  Under cover of the blackouts the revolutionaries make their move, detonating nuclear bombs in Washington D.C. and Chicago and declaring that they are the new government.  The USA is in total chaos--half the FBI and half the military are loyal to the revolutionaries and so these institutions are too busy to maintain order, and criminals take advantage of the power vacuum.  In the confusion missiles are launched from the US that strike many of the smaller Worlds, killing thousands of people and sending thousands as refugees to New New York, and then there is a nuclear exchange between the US and the communist states, leaving the Earth an absolute wreck!

Just before the blackout and revolution Marianne is kidnapped by revolutionaries for use as a bargaining ship or something (she is the most famous Worlder on Earth) and is rescued by Jeff the FBI agent, who has gone rogue from the Bureau.  When America falls into chaos Marianne and Jeff have to travel across the violence-stricken countryside to get to the spaceport, but there is no room for Jeff, so Marianne leaves for New New York without him. 

Worlds is good, but it is all plot, it didn't move me--I didn't really care which guys Marianne banged or married, which of them lived or died.  One of the reasons the novel felt a little flat is that Marianne doesn't really drive the plot, she doesn't set goals and then try to achieve them--as a student she follows a schedule, and then during the world-shattering revolutionary crisis she is a victim of circumstances.  She goes here and there, meeting some people who try to abuse or exploit her and some people who are nice to her and help protect her from the not nice people.  After all the talk of her being so single-minded and smart in the first 30 pages of the book, she doesn't do much that is particularly smart or assertive on Earth--I can't remember her ever using her smarts to overcome an obstacle or preserve her life or anything like that.  Rather than exercising the values and abilities she brought with her to Earth from New New York, she is corrupted by life on Earth, forced to commit acts of violence that she hadn't thought herself capable of. 

If the novel has a point, it is about the folly of (white and Muslim) man, whose ambitions and fears and weapons and sexism cause murder and oppression and eventually destroy the world.  To Marianne, Earth people seem insane ("What's wrong with you groundhogs?  What the hell is wrong with you?"), and Haldeman explicitly tells us that the guy who launches the missiles at the Worlds and at the communist countries does it because he is insane.  (One might quibble that this is weak storytelling--after coming up with complex political and economic reasons for the dispute between New New York and the United States, Haldeman is content to explain a nuclear war with "And then this crazy guy pushes a button....")  We only spend like 15% of the book on New New York, but we learn that on that World there are no guns, people don't accumulate wealth, and people are sexually liberated--maybe it's Haldeman's idea of a utopia.  (Maybe the symbolic reason Jeff can't come to New New York is that he has blood on his hands from shooting criminals...doesn't that sort of thing happen to King David in the Bible?)

Non-whites, African-Americans in particular, come off well in the novel.  Marianne loves Dixieland jazz and the people who treat her nicest are some black musicians who invite her to play clarinet in their jazz band in front of a packed house, and we get a long scene of her playing with them; for Marianne, the evening spent playing with the band feels like "six bright hours of orgasm."  This chapter is also significant in that it is one of the few times in the book when we actually see Marianne's talents and abilities in action.

It is implied that Marianne will become the leader of New New York, and there are two sequels, 1983's Worlds Apart and 1992's Worlds Enough and Time; maybe they follow her career as chief executive of New New York, and in them we will see Marianne use her intelligence to save her society or something.  I own Worlds Apart and will read it soon, while Worlds is still fresh in my mind, and find out.