DRUG STUDY

GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Ceftriaxone Anti-infective 3gm IVTT OD Interferes with bacterial cell-wall Indications: CNS: headache, hyperactivity,
synthesis and division by binding Moderate to hypertonia, seizures Assess patient’s
(Rocephin) to cell wall, causing cell to die. severe infection previoussensitivityreactionto
Active against gram-negative and GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, penicillin
gram-positive bacteria, with Bacterial abdominal pain, dyspepsia orothercephalosphorins.
expanded activity against gram- meningitis
negative bacteria. Exhibits GU: vaginal candidiasis
minimal immunosuppressant Contraindicatio Hematologic: eosinophilia, Assess patient forsigns
activity. ns: bleeding tendency, andsymptoms of infection
Hypersensitivity lymphocytosis, bone marrow beforeandduring thetreatment
to depression
cephalosporins Hepatic: hepatic failure,
or penincilins, hepatomegaly Obtain C&S beforebeginning
carnitine Musculoskeletal: arthralgia drugtherapy toidentifyif
deficiency Respiratory: dyspnea correcttreatmenthas
Skin: urticaria beeninitiated.

Report signs suchas

petechiae,ecchymotic
areas,epistaxis or otherforms of
unexplainedbleeding.

Monitorhematologic,electrolytes,
renaland hepaticfunction.

Assess for possiblesupper

infection:itching fever,

malaise, redness
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Hydrocortisone Anti inflammatory 100mg IV q6 Supresses inflammatory and Indications: CNS: headache, nervousness, Urge patient to report unusual
immune responses mainly by Inflammation depression, euphoria, weight gain, face or leg swelling,
(Pharmacort) inhibiting migration if leukocytes personality changes epigastric burning, vomiting of
and phagocytes and decreasing Contraindicatio blood, irregular menstrual cycles,
inflammatory mediators ns: CV: hypotension, hypertension, fever STAT
Hypersensitivity thrombophlebitis, heart failure,
to drug, alcohol, shock, arrhythmias Instruct patient to eat samall
bisulfates, frequent meals
tartrazine EENT: increased IOP,
epistaxis, nasal congestion, Caution patient not to stop drug
Systemic fungal hoarseness, nasopharyngeal abruptly
infections fungal infections
Avoid strenuous activities
Concurrent use GI: nausea, vomiting,
of other abdominal distention,
immunosuppres pancreatitis
sant
corticosteroids Hematologic: purpura

Concurrent Musculoskeletal: muscle pain

administration or weakness
of live-virus
vaccines Respiratory: cough, wheezing,
acne, bruising, hirsutism,
angioedema
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Citicholine Neurotropic 1gm IV q12 Citicoline is a derivative of choline Indications: Shock, hypersensitivity, Monitor blood pressure, pulse
and cytidine involved in the hypotension, insomnia, and heart rate.
(Cholinerv) biosynthesis of lecithin. It is Symptoms and excitement.
claimed to increase blood flow and signs of cerebral Assess allergic reaction like GI
oxygen consumption in the brain. insufficiency i.e., disturbances.
dizziness,
headache, poor Instruct relativeto give only
concentration, prescribed dose.
memory loss,
disorientation. Advise relativeto consult the
physician if any problems occur
Contraindicatio to the patient during medication.
ns:
Hypertonia of
parasympatheth
ic nervous
system.
Meclofenoxate(c
lophenoxate)

GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Esomeprazole Proton pump 1cap OD Suppresses the final step in gastric Indications Abdomen enlarged Assessment
inhibitor acid production by inhibiting the Allergic reaction 1. Document indications for
(Nexium) H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric Prophylaxis for Asthenia therapy, type, onset,
parietal cells. This decreases cancer back pain andcharacteristic of symptoms.
gastric acid secretion chest pain List other agents prescribed.
Contraindicatio substernal chest pain 2. Record abdominal
ns: facial edema assessments,
Patients with peripheral edema radiographic/endoscpic findings
known hot flushes and
hypersensitivity fatigue h.pylori
to any fever findings
component of flu-like disorder generalized 4. Monitor CBC and LFTs; note
the formulation edema any liver dysfunction
or to substituted leg edema
benzimidazoles. malaise Client/Family Teaching
pain 1. Take the delayed
rigors releasecapsules whole at least
1hour before meals. If unableto
swallow whole may emptycapsule
onto one tablespoonof applesauce
in a cup. Mixpellets into
applesauce andswallow
immediately takingcare not to
chew pellets
.2. May take antacids
3. Avoid alcohol and
OTCproducts unless approved.4.
Drug is for short term useonly; it
inhibits gastric acidsecretion.
Side effects of prolonged therapy
andsuppression of acid
secretionalter bacterial
colonizationand lead to
hypochlorhydriaand
hypergastrinemia, whichmay
lead to an increasedrisk for
gastric tumors
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Clopidogril Antiplatelet agents 75mg 1tab OC Inhibits platelet Indications: CNS: Depression, Dizziness, Assessment
after meal aggregation by irreversibly Reduction of Fatigue ,Headache. Assess patient for symptoms of
inhibiting the binding of ATP to atherosclerotic EENT: Epistaxis. stroke,peripheral vascular
platelet receptors events Resp: Cough, Dyspnea. disease, or MI periodically
CV: Chest Pain, Edema, during therapy.
Contraindcation Hypertension.
s: GI: GI Bleeding, Abdominal Monitor patient for signs of
Pain, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, thromboticthrombocytic purpura
Hypersensitivity Gastritis. (thrombocytopenia,microangiopa
Pathologic Derm: Pruritus, Purpura, thic hemolytic anemia,neurologic
bleeding(peptic Rash. findings, renal dysfunction,
ulcer, Hemat: Bleeding, Neutropenia, fever).May rarely occur, even
intracranial Thrombotic after short exposure(<2 wk).
hemorrhage) ThrombocytopenicPurpura.
Lactation. Metab: Hypercholesterolemia. Administer once daily with
MS: Arthralgia, Back Pain. regard to food.
Use Cautiously Misc: Fever, Hypersensitivity
in: Reactions. Patient/Family Teaching
Patients at risk
for bleeding Instruct patient to take
(trauma, medication exactlyas directed.
surgery, or
other pathologic Take missed doses as soon
conditions)Histo aspossible unless almost time for
ry of GI next dose; do not double doses.
bleeding/ulcer
disease Advise patient to notify health
Severe hepatic careprofessional promptly if
impairment fever, chills, sorethroat, or
unusual bleeding or bruising
occurs.
GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Losartan Antihypertensive 50mg 1tab BID Inhibits vasoconstrictive and Indications: CNS-dizziness, asthenia, Monitor patients BP.
aldosterone-secreting action of fatigue, headache, insomia.
(Cozaar) angiotensin II by blocking Hypertension Monitor patients who are also
angiotensin II receptor on the CV –edema, chest pain. taking diuretics for symptomatic
surface of vascular smooth muscle Contraindicatio hypotension.
and other tissue cells ns: EENT -nasal congestion,
Patients sinusitis, pharyngitis, sinus Assess patients renal function
hypersensitive disorder.
to drug, breast- Tell patient to avoid salt
feeding is not GI -Abdominal pain, nausea, substitute
recommended, diarrhea, dyspepsia.
causes fetal and
neonatal Musculoskeletal -muscle
morbidity and cramps, myalgia, back or leg
death pain.

Respiratory -cough, upper

respiratory infection.

GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Levofloxacin Anti-infective 500mg 1tab Inhibits the enzyme DNA gyrase Indications: CNS: seizures 1. Avoid rapid or bolusI.V.
OD insusceptible gram-negative and GI: pseudomembranous colitis administration, because this may
gram-positive aerobic and Pneumonia Hematologic: lymphocytopenia cause severe hypotension.
(levaquin) anaerobic bacteria, interfering Metabolic: hypoglycemia
with bacterial DNA synthesis. Contraindicatio 2. Check v/s, speciallyBP. Too
ns: rapid infusion can cause
hypotension.
Hypersensitivity
to drug, its 3.Closely monitor patients with
components, or renal insufficiency.
 other
quinolones 4.Assess for severed iarrhea,
which may indicate
pseudomembranous colitis.

5.Watch for hypersensitivity

reaction. D/C drugimmediately of
rashor other s/sx occur.

6.Watch for s/sx of tendinitis or

tendon rupture.

7.Tell patient to stop taking drug

and contact prescriber if he
experiences s/sxof
hypersensitivity

GENERIC CLASSIFICATION DOSAGE, MECHANISM OF ACTION INDICATION/ ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATION
NAME/BRAND NAME FREQUENCY, CONTRAINDI
ROUTE CATIONS
Atorvastatin Dyslipidaemic agent 40mg 1tab OD Atorvastatin competitively Indications: Headache, flatulence, Stress that atorvastatin is an
PC dinner inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, the diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, adjunct to not a substitute for
(Lipitor) enzyme that catalyses the Reduction of anorexia, xerostomia, low-cholesterol diet
conversion of HMG-CoA to stroke and heart angioedema, myalgia,
mevalonic acid. This results in the attack, HPN rash/pruritus, alopecia, allergy,
induction of the LDL receptors, infection, chest pain. Tell patient to take drug at the
leading to lowered LDL- same time each day to maintain
cholesterol concentration. Contraindicatio Potentially Fatal: its effects
ns: Thrombocytopenia.
Absorption: Rhabdomyolysis with acute
Rapid from the GI tract (oral). Hypersensitivity renal failure. Instruct patient to take a missed
, active liver dose as soon as
Distribution: disease or possible. If it’s almost time
Protein-binding: 98%. unexplained for his next dose, he should skip
persistent the missed dose.
Metabolism: elevations of
Extensively hepatic; converted to serum
active inhibitors of HMG-CoA transaminase, Advise patient to notify
reductase. porphyria, prescriber immediately if he
pregnancy, develops unexplained muscle
Excretion: lactation pain, tenderness, or weakness,
Faeces (as metabolites); 14 hr especially if accompanied by
(elimination half-life) fatigue or feve