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Evolution
Evolution
History of Life on Earth
Evolution
Simpson’s Clip
• What scientific theory is
being described by this
clip?
• What does evolution
mean?
• What were the earliest
organisms on this planet?
Evolution
Precambrian
•4.5 Billion to 650 Million years ago
•Oldest known rocks = 3.8 Billion years old!
•Canadian Shield
•Oldest known fossils = 3.6 Billion years old!
•Unicellular organisms (Bacteria)
•Oxygen = 2.3 Bya
•Oldest fossil multicellular organisms = 700
Mya
Evolution
11/16/09 Evolution
Precambrian
Evolution
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Early Palaeozoic
•540 - 348 Mya
•Cambrian Explosion
• Invertebrates (Trilobites, Echinoderms,
Molluscs)
•Primitive Plants
•First Corals
•Primitive (jawless) Fishes
Evolution
11/16/09 Evolution
Early Palaeozoic
Evolution
Molluscs
Trilobite
Evolution
Middle Palaeozoic
•438 - 360 Mya
•First Jawed Fishes
•First Vascular Plants on Land
•First Insects
•The Age of Fishes
•Dunkleostus
•Many Coral Reefs
Evolution
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Middle Palaeozoic
Dunkleostus
Evolution
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Late Palaeozoic
•360 - 248 Mya
•Coal Swamps Everywhere!
•Many Amphibians
• Dimetrodon
•Gymnosperms dominate
Evolution
11/16/09 Evolution
Late Palaeozoic
Coal Swamp
Evolution
Dimetrodon
Evolution
“Dinosaur”
Comes from the greek “deinos” for “terrible,
powerful, and wondrous” and from another
greek word “sauros” for “lizard”
11/16/09 Evolution
Triassic
•248 - 208 Mya
•Permian / Triassic Extinction
•96% Marine animals
•70% Terrestrial vertebrates
•Pangea
•Dawn of the Dinosaurs!
Evolution
11/16/09 Evolution
Evolution
Jurassic
•208 - 146 Mya
•Many Marine Reptiles
•Icthyosaurs
•Plesiosaurs
•Belemnites
•First Sauropods (Giant herbivorous
dinos)
•First Birds
•First Flowers
Evolution
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Pleiosaur
Plesiosaur
Evolution
Cretaceous
•Up to 146 - 65 Mya
•The Golden Age of Dinosaurs
•Tyrannosaurus rex
•Triceratops
•Stegasaurus
Evolution
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Tyrannosaurus rex
Evolution
Pteranodon
Brachiosaurus
Triceratops
Compsognathus
Spinosaurus
Basilosaurus
Alphodon
Cretaceous / Tertiary Boundary
•65 Mya
•Major Extinction event
•Almost 50% of animal species on
planet die
•Theories?
•Impact
•Volcanism
•Disease
Evolution
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Chicxulub
Impact Site
Tertiary
•65 – 1.8 Mya
•Radiaton of Mammals!
•First Hominds towards end
Evolution
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Rhodocetus
Uintatherium
Evolution
Evolution
Evolution
Evolution
Most Recent Ice Age
•18, 000 ya
•Gigantism
•Evidence of Homo sapiens
•Bering Land Bridge
Evolution
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Mammoth
Giant Sloth
Evolution
Evolution
Evolution
Evolution
Plate Tectonics
• Video Clip
Evolution
• Great Resource for studying:
– http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/Geologic
11/16/09 Evolution
Wrap-up
• Which organisms retained shape over time?
• Which changed?
• Why do you think some changed and some
stayed the same?
– Changing Earth
Evolution
Bibliography
• http://www.scotese.com/earth.htm
• www.search4dinosaurs.com/burgess_shale.html
• http://deepseanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/Dunkleosteus_BW1.jpg
• www.karencarr.com/gallery_permian_detail.htm
• krlphotography.typepad.com/.../trilobite1.htm
• www.uio.no/forskning/predatorx/english.htm
• www.arizonaskiesmeteorites.com
Evolution