LOCATI ON FUNCTION [ ~
Sr.No. STRUCTURE LOCATION FUNCTION
outermost in
animal cells. Lies
next to cell wall in Regulates the entry of ce1tain solutes
1 Cell membra ne plant cells a nd ions
Surrounding Allows substances in solution to enter
plasma and leave the cell without hindrance
membrane in and gives rigidity and shape to the
2 Cell wall plant cells pla nt cell
Region
surrounding
centrioles located Initiates and regulates cell division in
3 Centrosome near the nucleus animal cells only
In the cytoplasm
4 Chloroplasts of plant cells Trap solar ener2V for photosynthesis
In the
Chromatin nucleoplasm in
5 Fibres interphase Carry hereditary info rmation or genes
Clear spaces in
the cytoplasm
with water or
other substances Give turgidity to plant cells by pressing
6 Vacuoles in solution aga inst the cell wall
On the surfaces of
leaves and in the
green stems of Diffusion of gases for photosynthesis
7 Stomata herbaceous plants and respi ra tion
On the surfaces of Diffusion of gases for photosynthesis
8 Lenticels woody stems and respira tion
On the margins of
leaves at the tips
9 Hydathodes of vein endi ngs Guttation or Exudation
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Being transparent allows sunlight to
reach the mesophyll of leaves. Prevents
Waxy layer on the evaporation of water from leaf-
10 Cuticle surfaces of leaves surfaces
In the grana of
11 Thylakoids chloro plasts Site of light reaction of photosynthesis
Matrix of Site of Biosynthetic phase of
12 Stroma chloro plast photosynthesis
At the aperture
between the Maintains unidirectional flow of
Right atrium and deoxygenated blood from the right
13 Tricuspid Valve the right ventricle atrium and the right ventricle
At the aperture
between the Left Maintains unidirectional flow of
Bicuspid or atrium and deoxygenated blood from the left
14 Mitra) Valve theLeft ventricle atrium and the left ventricle
At the opening of
Pulmonary the right ventricle Maintains unidirectional flow of
semilunar into the deoxygenated blood from the right
15 valves pulmo nary a1te1y ventricle into the pulmonary a1tery
At the point of
Aortic origin of aorta Prevents back flow of oxygenated
semilunar from the left blood from the aorta into the left
16 valves ventricle ventricle
Pocket shaped In the lumen of Maintain unidirectional flow of blood
17 valves veins towards the hea1t
Localise infections and prevent it from
18 Tonsils Sides of the neck spreading to the body as a whole
In the abdomen,
behind the Acts as a blood reservoir, produces
stomach and lymphocytes, destroys worn-out red
above the left blood cells, in an embryo it produces
19 Spleen kidney RBCs
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on either side of
the back bone and
protected by the
20 Kidneys last two ribs Primary excretory organs
Arising from the
hilum in the
median surface of
each kidney and
connects behind
with the urinarry
bladder in the
lower pa1t of the Transpo1ts urine from the kidney to
21 Ureter abdomen the urina1y bladder
Expanded portion
of the ureter in Receives urine from the collecting
22 Renal Pelvis each kidney ducts
Muscular sac in
the pelis just
Urinary above and behind Stores urine temporarily till it is
23 Bladder the pubic bne expelled
Bowman's
24 ca psule In the renal cortex Receives the ultrafiltrate
Lodged in the
Bowman's
25 Glomerulus capsule Performs ultrafiltration
Proximal
Convoluted Reabsorbs 2/ 3rds of water and much
26 Tubule In the renal cortex of glucose
Reabsorption of remaining chlorides
and some water. Walls secreting K+
Distal and foreign chemicals such as
Convoluted Penicillin and other drugs into the
27 Tubule In the renal cortex fo rming urine
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In the renal Some absorption of water and sodium
28 Loop of Henle medulla ions
Outer portion of Enables us to think, reason out, invent,
29 Cerebral Cortex the cerebrum plan and memorise
Just at the base of Helps in maintaining body balance,
the brain and posture and equilibrium along with
under the theinternal ear. Co-ordinates the
30 Cerebellum cerebrum working of voluntary muscles
Between the two
cerebral
Corpus hemispheres Transfers nerve impulses from one
31 Callosum internally cerebral hemisphere to the other
Controls involuntary activities of
Lowest portion of internal organs like peristalsis of the
Medulla the brain at the alimentary canal, movement of
32 Oblo ngata base of the skull breathing, beating of the heart etc.
carries nerve impulses from one
cerebellar hemisophere to the other,
Centre of the co-ordinates muscuklar movements on
brain below the both sides of t he body, controls
33 Pons varolli cerebellum breathing along with the MO
relays pain and pressure impuses from
In the the various parts of the body to the
34 Thalamus Diencephalon cerebrum
Below the
thalamus in the Controls body temperature, anger,
35 Hypothalamus Diencephalon hunger, thirst and the pitu itary
Small tubular part
36 Mid Brain of the brain Reflexes involving eyes and ears
pair of chains of
nerves and
ganglia on either
sides of the back Controls involuntary actions of the
37 ANS bone internal organs
Nerves arise from
the spinal cord
Sympathetic between the neck
Nervous and the waist Prepares the body for violent action
38 System region against abnormal conditions
Anteriorly in the
head and neck
Parasympatheti and the other
c Nervous posterior in sacral Concerned with re-establishing normal
39 Svstem re2"ion conditions after the violent act is over
Between the
meninges,
ventricles of the
brain, central Acts like a cushion and protects the
canal of the spinal brain and spinal cord from injuries by
40 CSF cord absorb ing mechanical shocks
Extends from the
MO down almost
the whole length
of the back bone
to the end at the Concerned with reflexes below the
second lumbar neck, conducts sensory impuses from
vertebra and lies the skin and muscles to the brain ,
withi the neural conducts motor responses from the
canal of the brain to the muscles of the trunk and
41 Spinal Cord vertebrae limbs
Secrete tears that have bactericidal
Upper sideward lysozymes to kill germs, lubricate the
portion of the eyes, keep the front surface of the eye
42 Lacrimal Glands orbit clean by was hing away dust particles
At the back of the
eye almost at the
centre on the
horizontal axis of Region of acute, brightest and colour
43 Yellow Spot the eyeba ll vision
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Lateral to the
yellow spot on the
nasal side of the Point of no vision and origin of optic
44 Blind spot retina nerve
front chamber filled with aqueous hu mour that keeps
Aqueous between the lens the lens moist and protects it from
45 chamber a nd co rnea physical shock, refracts light
Has vitreous humour that helps in
Larger cavity maintaining the shape of the eye ball
Vitreous behind the eye and protects the retina and its ne1ve
46 chamber lens in the eve end ings
In the midd le ear
cavity wherein
the handle of the
Malleus is
attached to the
inne1v surface of
the ear drum, and
the flat part of the
stint1p to the oval
window and the
lncus is found Their lever like movement transmits
inbetween the sound vibrations from the tympanum
47 Ear Ossicles two to the oval window
Connecting the Equalises air pressure on either side of
Eustachain middle ear cavity the Tympanum allowing it to vibrate
48 Tube with the pharynx free ly
Conve1ts sou nd vibrations to nerve
In the median impulses, helps in differntiating
49 Organ of Corti cochlear canal between sounds of various pitches
Secretion of Glucocorticoids,
Mineralocorticoids by the adrenal
Fitting like caps cmtex and adrenaline and
so Adrenal Glands above the kid neys norad renaline byb the medulla
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Below the
stomach in the Has Islets of Langerhans that secrete
51 Pancreas duodenal loop Glucagon, Insulin and Somatostatin
Bilobed, Butterfly
like structure
saddled onto the
Trachea, just
below the larynx
in front of the
52 Thyroid neck Secretes Thyroxine and Calcitonin
Small projection
hanging from the
base of the
midbrain below Secretes Gonadotropins, other tropic
53 Pituitarv the hvoothalamus hormones, Oxvtocin, ADH
In thin walled
cutaneous
pou ches called
scrotal sacs
54 Testes extraabdominallv Soermatogenes is
Packaging tissues
between the coils
of the
Leydig's or Seminiferous Secrete androgens of which the main
55 Interstitial cells tubules one is Testosterone
Fitting like a cap
on the upper pole Stores spems for some days till they
56 Epididymis of the testis mature
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One on either side
of the uterus
opening near the
ovary on one side
and into the uterus
63 Oviducts on t he other side Site of Fertilisation
In the pelvic cavity
between the UB Site of implantation of the blastocyst and
64 Uterus and the rectum growth of the foetus
Allows diffusion of Oxygen, nutrients,
from mother to the foetus; eliminates
Carbon-di oxide, urea and other wastes
Disc-like structure from foetus to the mother, acts as an
attached to the endocrine gland and secretes Oestrogens
6S Placenta uterine wall and Progesterone
Has the amniotic fluid that protects the
Sac around the embryo from physical damage by jerks or
embryo even mechanical shocks, keeps even presssure
before the all around the embryo, allows the foetus,
formation of the some restricted movement, prevents
66 Amnion allantois sticki ng of the foetus to the amnion
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Arising from each
testis, travelling
upward through
the inguinal
canal.looping over
the ureters of
their side, coming
together and
joining the
urethra at the
back of the Transports sperms from the testis to the
57 Vas Deferens urinary bladder Urethra
between the
posterior surface
of the Urinary Produces a secretion that serves as a
Seminal Bladder and the medium for transportation of the
58 Vesicles rectum sperms and activates them
Surrounding the Pours an alkaline secretion into the
urethraclose to its semen as it passes through the urethra
origin from the and this neutralises the acid in the
59 Prostate urina1y bladder female vagina
Open into the
Bulba-Urethral urethra just
or Cowper's before it enters Its secretion lubricatyes the tip of the
60 Glands the penis penis during coitus
In front of the Serves for passing out of semen and
61 Penis scrotum urine
In women that are
located in the
pelvis, one on each
62 Ovaries side of the uterus Oogenesis
