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 GREETING FROM THE SECRETARIAT

Hello, young leaders from around the world!

We would like to extend a warm welcome to everyone travelling to Bali, Indonesia
this November for the third edition of Asia World Model United Nations, we are truly honoured
to be serving as your SG and USG. Congratulations! For being a part of this prestigious event,
we are uplifted to see many enthusiastic youths engaged in global issues, youths from different
countries and cultures coming together hand in hand to play a part in potentially solving some
of the most pressing issues that exists today.
Every single one of us youth’s play a significant role in making this world a better
place. An important trait that all of us have is a voice and this is the platform where you start
making use of that voice to utter your thoughts and ideas to shape the future that you want.This
is a platform for you to build your leadership, public speaking and diplomacy skills among
other things. This platform is built on open minds and fresh ideas and that is where successful
diplomacy starts.
Dear delegates, it is when your conference is over that the real work begins. With the
experience that you gain here, what and how are you going to use the knowledge to shape your
community, your country, your future? You will come as delegates but will leave as global
citizens and become representatives of the United Nations; student ambassadors charged with
building a better understanding of the Organization: what it is, what it does and what it can do.
But in the midst of all this, do not forget to live in the moment by building everlasting
friendships and making unforgettable memories.
As cliché as it sounds, you do play an important role because sometimes all it takes is
one voice to move a nation and that voice might just be you. Don’t doubt yourself because
doubts kill more dreams than failure ever will. We wish you well and hope you have a great
time with us,we look forward to meeting all of you in Bali in November.

On behalf of Asia World MUN III Secretariat,

Kishan Deepak Buxani - Bioantika

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

GREETING FROM THE SECRETARIAT 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3
ASIA WORLD MODEL UNITED NATIONS III 4
GENERAL OVERVIEW 5
RULES OF PROCEDURE 7
POSITION PAPER GUIDELINES 17
SAMPLE OF POSITION PAPER 19
SAMPLE OF WORKING PAPER 21
DRAFT RESOLUTION GUIDELINES 23
SAMPLE PREAMBULATORY PHRASES 24
SAMPLE OF DRAFT RESOLUTION 26
END NOTE 28

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 ASIA WORLD MODEL UNITED NATIONS III

Model United Nations is a simulation of the United Nations Conference attended by

young leaders, referred to as Delegates, who are assigned a country to represent in one of the
United Nations’ numerous committees with pre-set topics to debate. It is also a platform where
young leaders from all over the world gather in one place with a similar aim, that is to improve
their skills in leadership, negotiation, and diplomacy. All those skills can be obtained by joining
and participating in the Asia World Model United Nations (AWMUN) III.
Asia World Model United Nations (AWMUN) III is a Model United Nations carrying
the theme of The Implementation of World’s Agenda 2030. Asia World Model United Nations
(AWMUN) III aims to facilitate young leaders from different places to broaden their networks
and to provide a platform to share their perspectives, particularly on Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) that will be discussed in each council.
The delegates will have a discussion on the mentioned issue for each goal and will be
guided directly by the Chair and Co-Chair. Therefore, Asia World Model United Nations
(AWMUN) III will be an excellent choice for young leaders who wish to enhance and develop
their capabilities in communication and diplomacy skills.

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 GENERAL OVERVIEW

Asia World Model United Nations (AWMUN) III is the third edition AWMUN after
the succession of AWMUN I which was held in Seoul, South Korea and AWMUN II in
Bangkok, Thailand. AWMUN III will be held on November 13-16, 2019, in Bali, Indonesia. It
is aimed to provide a platform for future statesmen, politicians and diplomats to encourage
themselves in understanding international issues and policy, debate and share perspective
between participants from different backgrounds and different ethnicity. The ultimate goal of
a MUN conference is to encourage youth awareness of current international relations and
issues, understand and try to form possible solutions to solve the issue, whilst providing an
atmosphere where participants can improve their communication and diplomatic skills, critical
thinking and networking.
The third annual session of AWMUN III will consist of twenty-one committees such
as Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC), Economic and Financial
Committee (ECOFIN), Special Political and Decolonization Committee (SPECPOL),
Economic and Social Council Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), United Nations
Human Rights Council (UNHRC), United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the
Empowerment of Women (UN Women), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), United Nations World
Tourism Organization (UNWTO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), World Food Programme (WFP), World Trade Organization (WTO), International
Monetary Fund (IMF), World Health Organization (WHO), International Press, Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and Crisis
Committee.
The twenty-one councils make up the committees of AWMUN III. Each Committee
staff typically consists of Chair and Co-Chair(s) and/or Rapporteur.
● The Chairs is the substantive expert on the issues to be discussed in committee. At
AWMUN, each chair chooses his or her committee’s topic areas and prepares the
background Guide. The chair is responsible for overseeing committee proceedings and
ensuring that all aspects of the topic area have been addressed.

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● The Co-Chairs are additional dais members who help guide committee sessions. Their
job is to aid the Chair by answering delegates’ questions, monitoring blocs during the
caucus, and providing feedback on delegate ideas. Co-Chairs serve as the primary
liaison between delegates and committee Chairs. If delegates have either substantive or
procedural questions or concerns during committee, they should not hesitate to ask Co-
Chairs for guidance.
● The Rapporteurs serves as an aide to the Chair and Co-Chair which includes
administrative matters.

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 RULES OF PROCEDURE

This guide is an essential reference for any delegate attending the AWMUN III
conference and will provide an in-depth insight into the AWMUN Rules of Procedure.

General Rules
Rule 1: Scope
These rules of procedures are for the General Assembly, the Economic and Social
Council. The Specialized Agencies, Regional Bodies, and Crisis Committee are self-sufficient,
except for modifications provided by the Secretariat or Board of Dais, those rules will always
take precedence in the event of a conflict.

Rule 2: Language
English shall be the official language of the committee. No other language shall be
allowed during the sessions, including but not limited to the discussions in unmoderated
caucus.

Rule 3: Delegations
a. Each country will be represented by one or two delegates and one vote on each
committee. If two delegates represent a Member State of a Committee, the delegates
can present speeches together without formally yielding as long as only one delegate
speaks at any given time.
b. Placards and delegates’ identity cards will be handed over prior to commencing
sessions.
c. Delegates must always refer to themselves in the third person by the name of the State
or Organization they are representing, or with the first-person plural. Example: “We..”.,
“Indonesia..”, “The delegate of Thailand..” but not “I..”

Rule 4: Participation of Non-Members

a. Observers will have the same right to be recognized and addressed to the committee in
debate as a member state, except that they may not vote on Draft Resolutions (DR),
amendments, or procedural motions.

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 b. A conference participant that does not represent a member of the United Nations and is
not an observer may address a Committee only with the prior approval of the Chair.

Rule 5: Statements by the Secretariats

The Secretary-General or Under-Secretary-General designated by him/her may at any
time make either written or oral statements of the committee.

Rule 6: General Powers of The Committee Staff

a. The Committee Staff consists of the Chair and Co-Chair(s).
b. The Committee Staff will declare the opening and closing of each committee session
and may propose the adoption of any procedural motion to which there is no significant
objection.
c. The Committee Staff will also direct discussions, accord the right to speak, pose
questions, announce decisions, rule on points of order, and ensure and enforce the
observance of these rules.
d. The Committee Staff also has the right to interrupt the flow of debate in order to show
a presentation or to bring in a guest speaker or an expert witness.
e. The Chair can choose to temporarily transfer his or her duties to another member of the
Committee Dais Staff. The Committee Dais Staff members may also advise the
delegates on the possible course of the debate. Further, no handouts may be circulated
to the committee body without the knowledge and explicit approval of the Chair. In the
exercise of these functions, the Committee Dais Staff will be at all times subject to these
rules and responsible to the Secretariats.
f. One of the Chair’s duties is to moderate speaking time, and as such, they will gavel
during speeches to indicate remaining time, and the elapse of speaking time. The Chair
will indicate at the start of the conference at what interval they will gavel, and delegates
who are confused should raise a point of Parliamentary Inquiry.

Rule 7: Participants
a. It is obligatory for all delegates and Board of Dais to participate in all consecutive
committee sessions. Those who are not being respectful to the whole agenda during the
conference will not be entitled to acknowledgement and will not be eligible for the
award and appreciation were given.

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 b. If the participant is not present during roll call, he or she is considered absent until a
note is sent to the Dais staff. A delegate who is recognized but is not present when
called upon yields his or her time to the Chair and debate shall continue unabated.
c. An opportunity for prayer or meditation at the very beginning and at the very end of
each session. Any delegate may move for a minute of silence before the first roll call
takes place or immediately after the debate has been adjourned.

Rule 8: Credentials
The credentials of all delegations have been accepted upon registration. Actions relating
to the modification of rights, privileges, or credentials of any member may not be initiated
without the written consent of the Secretary-General. Any representative to whose admission
a member objects will provisionally be seated with the same rights as other representatives,
pending a decision from the Secretary-General.

Rule 9: Courtesy
Delegates are warned that Asia World MUN III has a zero-tolerance policy for
slandering, disparaging, or acting in any other way that is inflammatory to other delegates,
committee staff, and board of dais. Neither speeches nor debates with other delegates may
contain remarks of this nature. Any delegate who feels that he or she is not being treated
respectfully is encouraged to speak to the Board of Dais, who will then take the appropriate
action. This rule shall not be misconstructed to prohibit robust and vigorous substantive debate
over disagreements between delegates’ national policies, so long as such debate is conducted
with courtesy and respect.

Rule 10: Use of Electronic Devices and Notes

a. It is expected that all delegates bring an electronic device to AWMUN III.
b. All working papers and draft resolution must be word-processed, and the board of dais
may request amendments be word-processed at their discretion.
c. The usage of electronic devices during moderated caucus or at the General Speakers’
List may be prohibited at the discretion of the board of dais.
d. Delegates should not talk unless recognized by the board of dais or in an unmoderated
caucus. Delegates are welcome to communicate during sessions by passing notes, so
long as this does not become disruptive. Notes should contain “To” (a country that
should receive the note” and “From” (country that sends the note).

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Rule 11: Quorum
a. Board of Dais may declare a committee open and permit debate to proceed when at
least one-quarter of the members of the committee (as declared at the beginning of the
first session) are present.
b. A member of the committee is a representative who is officially registered with the
conference. The presence of a majority of the members will be required for the vote on
any substantive motion. A quorum will be assumed to be present unless specifically
challenged and shown to be absent.

Rule 12: Roll Call

a. Roll call will be conducted at the beginning of each session by the Board of Dais in
alphabetical order. Delegates shall establish their presence in the committee in either of
the two following manners:
- Present and voting: Should vote “in favour/yes” or “against/no” in the
substantive matter, without any possibility to pass or abstain.
- Present: Should vote “in favour/yes” or “against/no”, “abstain” and “pass” on
the substantive matter.
b. After roll call, Board of Dais will announce simple and two-thirds majority, as well as
the minimum sponsors of Draft Resolution submission and amendment.
c. Delegates who arrive during or after the roll call are required to send notes to the Board
of Dais stating whether they are “present” or “present and voting”

Rules Governing Debate

Rule 13: Agenda
The first order of business for the committee will be consideration of the agenda:
a. Asia World MUN III only has one topic in all committees, therefore it will be
considered to have automatically adopted that topic area without debate.
b. The council will proceed to General Speakers’ List (GSL). Delegates may speak
generally on the topic area being considered. The Chair will invite those delegates who
want to be put on the list. A country may add its name to the Speakers List by submitting
a request in writing to the Board of Dais, provided that country is not already on the
Speakers List and may remove its name from the Speakers List by submitting a request
in writing to Board of Dais. The default speaking time for each speaker is one minute

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 thirty seconds. If there is still remaining time, delegates are able to yield their remaining
time in one of the three following ways :
- Yield to another delegate, his or her remaining time will be offered to that
delegate. If the delegate accepts the yield, the Chair shall recognize the delegate
for the remaining time. To turn the floor over to a co-delegate of the same
member state is not considered a yield.
- Yield to a question, questionnaires will be selected by the Board of Dais and
limited to one question each. Follow-up questions will be allowed only at the
discretion of the Board of Dais. Board of Dais will have the right to call to order
any delegate whose question is, in the opinion of the Board of Dais, rhetorical
and leading and not designed to elicit information. Only the speaker’s answers
to questions will be deducted from the speaker’s remaining time.
- Yield to Board of Dais. Such a yield should be made if the delegate does not
wish his/her speech to be subject to questions. The moderator will then move to
the next speaker.
c. Motions are proposed by the delegates to drive the debate, such as proposing specific
topics to be discussed by the council. Motions and points shall be raised when the floor
is declared open by Board of Dais. The motion will require a simple majority to pass.
These are several motions that are being used, such as:
- Motion for a moderated caucus
- Motion for an unmoderated caucus
- Motion to extend the previous moderated caucus or unmoderated caucus
- Motion to close the debate (two-thirds majority)
- Motion to suspend the meeting (to halt all council activities until the next
scheduled meeting.
- Motion to adjourn the meeting (to end all council activities)
d. All motions for caucus shall be ruled dilatory during the consideration of the agenda.
Also, delegates will not be allowed to yield their time.

Rule 14: Moderated Caucus

The purpose of this moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive debate at critical
junctures in the discussion. In a moderated caucus, Board of Dais will temporarily depart from
the Speakers List and call on delegates to speak at his/her discretion. A motion for a moderated
caucus is in order at any time when the floor is open, prior to closure of debate. The delegate

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making the motion must briefly explain its purpose and specify a time limit for the caucus, not
to exceed fifteen minutes, and a time limit for the individual speeches. Once raised, the motion
will be voted immediately, with a majority of members required for passage. Board of Dais
may rule the motion out of order. No motions are in order during a moderated caucus. If no
delegates wish to speak during a moderated caucus, the caucus shall immediately end.

Rule 15: Unmoderated caucus

A motion for an unmoderated caucus is in order at any time when the floor is open,
prior to closure of debate. The delegate making the motion must specify a time limit for the
caucus, not to exceed fifteen minutes. The motion will immediately be put a vote. A majority
number is required for passage. Board of Dais may rule the motion out of order.

Rule 16: Closure of debate

When the floor is open, a delegate may move to close debate on the substantive or
procedural matter under discussion. Delegates may move to close debate on the general topic
or debate on an amendment. Board of Dais may rule such a motion dilatory. When the closure
of debate is moved, the Chair may recognize up to two speakers against the motion. If there
are no speakers against the motion it automatically passes. No speaker in favour of the motion
will be recognized. Closure of debate requires the support of two-thirds of the members present.
If the committee is in favour of closure, Board of Dais will declare the closure of the debate,
and move the committee to immediate voting procedure.

Rule 17: Postponement and resumption of the debate

Whenever the floor is open, a delegate may move for the postponement of debate on a
draft resolution, amendment, or topic currently on the floor. The motion, otherwise known as
“tabling” will require a two-thirds vote to pass and will be debatable to the extent of one speaker
in favour and one opposed. No debate or action will be allowed on any draft resolution,
amendment, or topic on which debate has been postponed. A motion to resume debate on an
amendment, draft resolution, or topic on which debate has been postponed will require a
majority to pass and will be debatable to the extent of one speaker in favour and one opposed.
If there is no speaker against, the motion automatically passes. Resumption of the debate will
cancel the effects of postponement of debate. Board of Dais discretion over the postponement
of debate.

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Rules Governing Speeches
Rule 18: Speeches
a. No delegate may address a session without having previously obtained the permission
of the Board of Dais. Board of Dais may call a speaker to order if his/her remarks are
not relevant to the subject under discussion, or are offensive to committee members or
staff.
b. The maximum time of speeches varies, based on the motion proposed by other
delegates. The time limit for speeches is always subject to the Chair’s approval.

Rule 19: Time Limit on Speeches

Board of Dais may limit the time allotted to each speaker. The minimum time limit will
be ten seconds. When a delegate exceeds his/her allotted time, Board of Dais may call the
speaker to order without delay.

Rule 20: Right of Reply

A delegate whose personal or national integrity has been impugned by another delegate
may submit a Right of Reply only in writing to the committee staff or by raising a point. Board
of Dais will grant the Right of Reply and his or her discretion and a delegate granted a Right
of Reply will not address the committee except at the request of Board of Dais.

Rules Governing Points

Rule 21: Points of Personal Privilege
Whenever a delegate experiences personal discomfort which impairs his or her ability
to participate in the proceedings, he or she may rise to a Point of Personal Privilege to request
that the discomfort be corrected. While a Point of Personal privilege in extreme case may
interrupt a speaker, delegates should use this power with the utmost discretion.

Rule 22: Points of Order

During the discussion of any matter, a delegate may rise to a Point of Order to indicate
an instance of improper parliamentary procedure. The Point of Order will be immediately
decided by the Board of Dais in accordance with these rules of procedure. Board of Dais may
rule out of order those points that are improper. A representative rising to a Point of Order may
not speak on the substance of the matter under discussion. A Point of Order may only interrupt
a speaker if the speech is not following proper parliamentary procedure.

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Rule 21: Points of Parliamentary Inquiry
When the floor is open, a delegate may rise to a Point of Parliamentary Inquiry to ask
Board of Dais a question regarding the rules of procedure. A point of parliamentary inquiry
may never interrupt a speaker. Delegates with the substantive questions should not rise to this
point, but should rather approach the committee staff during caucus or send a note to the dais.

Related Documents
Rule 23: Working Paper
a. A working paper is used by the delegate to present their ideas and information regarding
the topic that has been discussed previously. This working paper does not have any
format, and there is no maximum number of working papers. A working paper can be
submitted by an individual delegate or by a bloc.
b. Board of Dais will open submission for working papers and declare the limit for
submission and the method to submit the working paper.
c. In case when there are more than one working papers, the numberings will be under the
decision of the Board of Dais. After working papers have been received by Board of
Dais, the delegates can discuss the working paper by raising a moderated caucus to
discuss the working paper with the number that has been decided by Board of Dais.

Rule 24: Draft Resolution

a. Draft resolution contains solutions and contents to address the issue being debated,
which also has to answer the Question a Resolution Must Answer (QARMAs) written
in the study guide.
b. A draft resolution has a rigid format, such as the sponsors, signatories, as well as
preambulatory and operative clauses.
c. A draft resolution should be sponsored by a maximum of four countries and signed by
at least ten per cent of the council before it can be entertained.
d. The sponsors of one draft resolution cannot be sponsors of another draft resolution, but
the signatories of one draft resolution can be signatories of another draft resolution.
e. Board of Dais will determine the time limit for the submission of the draft resolution,
the method to submit, and the maximum amount of the draft resolutions recognized by
Board of Dais. If there are more than one draft resolutions, the numberings of draft
resolution will be under the decision of the Chair.

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 f. After Board of Dais recognizes draft resolution, the sponsors of draft resolution can
introduce their draft resolutions by raising a motion, in order for the motion to be
passed, it will need a simple majority. The Chair will then invite the representatives
from each bloc to introduce their draft resolution. The maximum representatives from
each bloc under the decision of the Board of Dais. After that, the Board of Dais will
open question and answer session so that other delegates in the council can ask
questions regarding the draft resolution being presented. The maximum time limit for
presentation of draft resolution will be determined by the Board of Dais.
g. A draft resolution may not be withdrawn from the floor. If the delegates wish to merge
two draft resolutions, or substantially amend a single draft resolution, they should
submit their work as a new draft resolution.
h. Signing a draft resolution need not indicate support of the draft resolution, and the
signatory has no further obligation. Signing a draft resolution only indicates a desire
for the draft resolution to be discussed in committee.
i. A draft resolution requires a simple majority of members voting pass. Only one draft
resolution will be passed per topic area.

Rule 25: Amendments

a. Amendments of draft resolution should have the approval of the Board of Dais and be
signed by at least one-fifth of the delegates in each committee. Amendments are
numbered in the order on the eventual size of the committee.
b. To introduce an amendment, the delegate should propose a motion which requires a
simple majority to pass. The limit and procedure on the introduction are the same as
the draft resolution.
c. The committee will move to an immediate substantive vote in whether to adopt the
amendment. If the vote receives the simple majority required, the amendment will be
considered part of the draft resolution.

Rules Governing Voting

Rule 26: Procedural Voting
All voting is considered procedural with the exception of voting on draft resolutions.
Delegates must vote on all procedural motions, and no abstentions are allowed. A motion that
requires a simple majority needs more than half of the committee members to vote
affirmatively. A motion that requires two-thirds to pass requires exactly two-thirds of the

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committee members to vote affirmatively. If there is not the required number of speakers
for/against a motion, the motion will automatically fail/pass.

Rule 27: Procedural Voting

Substantive voting is conducted on the voting of draft resolutions and voting on
amendments. For substantive voting, each country shall have one vote.
- Substantive vote for the voting on amendments will be conducted immediately after the
motion to close the debate has passed with a simple majority vote. Once the vote
reaches the simple majority vote, the amendment is applied to the draft resolution.
- Substantive vote for the voting on draft resolutions will be conducted by the rule of roll
call.
During substantive voting of a draft resolution or amendment, the council will secure
the chamber. All delegates, Board of Dais, and note passers are not allowed to exit the
conference room for any reason until the substantive voting has ended.

Rule 28: Roll Call Voting

a. Roll call voting is conducted to decide which draft resolution will be adopted by the
council as a resolution. Board of Dais will call countries based on alphabetical order,
and the delegates who are “present and voting” should vote “Yes”, ”No”, “Yes with
rights”. “No with rights”, and no abstain is allowed. The delegates who are “present”
may vote “Yes”, “No”, “Yes with rights”, “No with rights”, and “Abstain”.
b. All delegates who had requested the right of explanation will be granted time to explain
their votes. The speaking time will be set at the discretion of the Board of Dais, not to
exceed thirty seconds.
c. Board of Dais will then announce the outcome of the vote

Rule 29: Voting by Acclamation

Board of Dais has the authority to ask the delegates if they want to vote by acclamation.
Delegates can raise a motion to vote by acclamation and Board of Dais will ask if there is any
objection. If committee members have no objection, then the motion will automatically be
adopted without going into voting procedure. A single objection to voting by acclamation
means that the committee will go into the normal voting procedure.

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 POSITION PAPER GUIDELINES

All delegates are required to submit a position paper by Google form to your respective
council forms, no later than 15 October 2019 (GMT+7 Jakarta). An effective position paper
can be broken into five simple parts:
1. Topic Background
The topic background typically defines any key terms and buzz words related
to the issue at hand and provides a brief summary of the history of the issue and
potential consequences of ignoring the issue.
2. Past International Actions
This portion of the essay addresses efforts the UN has previously made and
endeavours your country specifically has taken on to combat the issue at hand. Consider
what UN programs, events, resolutions, and agreements your country has participated
in. Take note of the other participants in these efforts, too—they could serve as
important allies in committee.
3. Country Policy
This section ought to summarize your country’s own unique stance on the issue
and what they believe the international community should do to resolve the issue. Here,
delegates must remember that this area consists of their country’s policy, rather than
their own opinion on an issue. If your country does not completely condemn human
trafficking, for example, because of their own stakes in the practice, then your policy
must reflect that, in spite of your disagreement. Finding speeches from your country’s
leaders, scoping out their government’s website, and evaluating their actions in the UN
are some ways to develop an understanding of your country’s policy.
4. Possible Solutions
What proposed solutions do you have for the topic being discussed? What
results does your country expect by the end of the conference?
5. Sources/References
Throughout your research, ensuring that your information comes from reliable
sources is paramount. Having solid, UN-based sources increases your credibility and
again can help develop a thorough understanding of your issue. Consider using credible
websites like un.org and seeking university studies. Government and NGO websites

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 can be credible but possess a bias, and similarly, news websites and blogs can provide
information not as credible as un.org.
The formats for the position paper are:
a. Written in English Only
b. Titled in the following format: [Country]_[Council Name]_Position Paper
c. Times New Roman Font, Justified text, Size 12 with 1.15 Line Spacing
d. No longer than 2 pages (including the bibliography)
e. Footnote format or insert the bibliography at the end are allowed
f. Should be submitted in PDF format

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 SAMPLE OF POSITION PAPER

Topic : The “Brain Drain” of Health Care Workers

Committee : General Assembly for the Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee
Country : Central African Republic

The Central African Republic has been burdened with wars and dictatorships since the
1960s, and despite being endowed with internationally coveted resources such as expansive
diamond minds, 73% of its population lives on less than US$1 a day. During the past 15 years,
life expectancy has declined from 45 to 35 years of age due to poor health care and the
HIV/AIDS epidemic which plagues 35% of the CAR’s population. Moreover, the lack of
essential drugs and vaccinations has contributed to the recent outbreaks of other diseases such
as Malaria, tuberculosis, polio and water-borne viruses. The World Health Organization’s
resident representative in the Central African Republic stated in a recent interview that the
CAR’s health system is “very precarious”, adding that most health workers in rural areas have
abandoned their posts because of the region’s insecurity and unpaid wages.
Like Zimbabwe and other African nations, the “Brain Drain” migration of health care
workers and other trained professionals to the more developed world is significantly
contributing to the Central African Republic’s current health situation. The CAR recognizes
that although we have a need for vaccinations and other salutary goods, our health care system
will never be able to reach the thousands of people in need without the physical manpower
provided by doctors, nurses and other healthcare workers.
At the centre of our nation’s policy is the belief that without an international effort,
there is no way of solving an international problem. The Central African Republic proposes a
resolution which mandates that the subsidy paid by governments to train a doctor or nurse
should be calculated, and repaid in an exact amount to the government if that person chooses
to migrate. The cost would be paid by the country to which the person is migrating, as it is
benefiting from the transfer of “human capital” trained at great cost by the country of origin.
However, we also recognize that income alone will not be sufficient recompense for the lost
immigrants and we, therefore, propose that in developing countries, (with a population of
migrating workers over a certain percentage), the trained individuals would have to serve a

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short number of years in their country of origin before being allowed to migrate to practice in
a different country.
The CAR also recommends that the UN channels funds through organizations like
UNESCO, OECD and the World Bank to help improve the wages and living conditions of
healthcare workers in third world countries, (like the CAR), who have no other means of
financially motivating their citizens to remain and practice in their own nation. We also plan
on advocating for a higher percentage of the national GDP to be devoted to research,
development, and the promotion of the sciences. Additionally, as an African nation, we
encourage our whole continent to forge a partnership with the diaspora community of Africans
worldwide. An effective partnership implies building capacity and exploiting existing capacity
within the existing network of highly skilled and expertise African expatriates. Finally, the
Central African Republic proposes a resolution that includes the created of a database on brain
drain and capacity building, thus creating knowledge blocks to complement national efforts in
addressing deficiencies in education and training capacities as well as trying to maintain and
effectively utilize them.

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 SAMPLE OF WORKING PAPER

Submitted To : Special Political Committee

Topic : Land Mines
Submitted By : Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, and Spain

THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Alarmed that every month over 2,000 people are killed or maimed by nine explosions and that
most of the casualties are civilians who are killed after hostilities have ended.

Aware that land mine usage has dramatically increased over the past 20 years, with an emphasis
on its potential as a weapon to terrorize civilians.

Noting, with deep concern, that surgical care and the fitting of orthopaedic appliance costs a
total of $750 million for the 250,000 amputees registered by the United Nations.

Deeply disturbed that mines maim and kill tens of thousands of people each year, mostly
women and children.

RESOLVES

1) Strongly recommends the universal banning on the production of all new anti-personal
mines.
2) Further recommends that an extensive educational program be started through the World
Health Organization, in those countries that request such action as well as UNICEF
programs and anti-landmine coalition.
3) Demands the establishment of an international treaty to stop the use of Anti-personal and
the dismantling of all those present in stock.
4) Requests the establishment of an international sign for land mines, along the lines of the
sign for radiation.

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5) Further requests that those countries that would participate would receive a 25% return of
funds once they have reached a certain amount and subsequently thereafter, for each time
they reach a certain amount.

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 DRAFT RESOLUTION GUIDELINES

The resolution has three main parts: the heading, the pre-ambulatory clauses, and the
operative clauses.
1. Heading
The heading contains four pieces of information: the committee name, the
sponsors, the signatories, and the topic (not necessarily in that order depending on each
individual conference’s rules).
The committee name and topic should be self-explanatory. The sponsors are the
authors of the resolution. The signatories are other delegates in the committee who do
not necessarily agree with the resolution but would like to see it debated. Most
conferences require a minimum number or percentage of sponsors and signatories (or
a combination of both) before a resolution can be presented — this encourages
consensus-building. You will also notice some numbering (on the top right corner in
the example). This is usually provided by the committee chair and is just a way to
number the different resolutions — usually by the order they are received or approved
— so that delegates can easily differentiate or reference them.

2. Pre-ambulatory Clauses
The pre-ambulatory clauses state all the issues that the committee wants to
resolve on this issue. It may state the reasons why the committee is working on this
issue and highlight previous international actions on the issue. Pre-ambulatory clauses
can include:
○ Past UN resolutions, treaties, or conventions related to the topic
○ Past regional, non-governmental, or national efforts in resolving this topic
○ References to the UN Charter or other international frameworks and laws
○ Statements made by the Secretary-General or a relevant UN body or agency
○ General background info formation or facts about the topic, its significance, and
its impact.

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 3. Operative Clauses
Operative clauses state the solutions that the sponsors of the resolution propose
to resolve the issues. The operative clauses should address the issues specifically
mentioned in the pre-ambulatory clauses above it.

SAMPLE PREAMBULATORY PHRASES

Affirming Expressing its appreciation Noting with regret

Alarmed by Expressing its satisfaction Noting with deep concerned
Approving Fulfilling Noting with satisfaction
Aware of Fully alarmed Noting further
Bearing in mind Fully aware Nothing with approval
Believing Fully believing Observing
Confident Further deploring Reaffirming
Contemplating Further recalling Realizing
Convinced Guided by Recalling
Declaring Having adopted Recognizing
Deeply concerned Having considered Referring
Deeply conscious Having considered further Seeking
Deeply convinced Having devoted attention Taking into account
Deeply disturbed Having examined Taking into consideration
Deeply regretting Having heard Taking Note
Desiring Having received Viewing with appreciation
Emphasizing Having studied Welcoming
Expecting Keeping in mind

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SAMPLE OPERATIVE PHRASES
Accepts Endorses Further requests
Affirms Expresses its appreciation Further resolves
Approves Expresses its hope Has resolved
Authorizes Further invites Notes
Calls Deplores Proclaims
Calls upon Designates Reaffirms
Condemns Draws the attention Recommends
Confirm Emphasizes Regrets
Congratulates Encourages Reminds
Considers Endorses Requests
Declares accordingly Expresses its appreciation Solemnly affirms
Deplores Express its hope Strongly condemns
Designates Further invites Supports
Draws the attention Further proclaims Takes note of
Emphasizes Further reminds Transmits
Encourages Further recommends Trusts

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 SAMPLE OF DRAFT RESOLUTION

Sponsors : United States, Austria and Italy

Signatories : Greece, Tajikistan, Japan, Canada, Mali, the Netherlands and Gabon
Committee : General Assembly (Third Committee)
Topic : Strengthening UN coordination of humanitarian assistance in complex
emergencies

The General Assembly,

Reminding all nations of the celebration of the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which recognizes the inherent dignity, equality and inalienable rights of all
global citizens,
Reaffirming its Resolution 33/1996 of 25 July 1996, which encourages Governments to work
with UN bodies aimed at improving the coordination and effectiveness of humanitarian
assistance,
Noting with satisfaction the past efforts of various relevant UN bodies and non-governmental
organizations,
Stressing the fact that the United Nations faces significant financial obstacles and is in need of
reform, particularly in the humanitarian realm,

1. Encourages all relevant agencies of the United Nations to collaborate more closely with
countries at the grassroots level to enhance the carrying out of relief efforts;
2. Urges member states to comply with the goals of the UN Department of Humanitarian
Affairs to streamline efforts of humanitarian aid;
3. Requests that all nations develop rapid deployment forces to better enhance the
coordination of relief efforts of humanitarian assistance in complex emergencies;
4. Calls for the development of a United Nations Trust Fund that encourages voluntary
donations from the private transnational sector to aid in funding the implementation of
rapid deployment forces;
5. Stresses the continuing need for impartial and objective information on the political,
economic and social situations and events of all countries;

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6. Calls upon states to respond quickly and generously to consolidated appeals for
humanitarian assistance; and
7. Requests the expansion of preventive actions and assurance of post-conflict assistance
through reconstruction and development.

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 END NOTE

All contents of this Rules of Procedures are derived and adapted from Harvard World
Model United Nations (HWMUN), London International Model United Nations (LIMUN),
New York Model United Nations (NYMUN), Penn State Harrisburg Model United Nations
(PSH MUN), Yale Model United Nations (Yale MUN).

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