School of Law and Governance
Central University of South Bihar
BALAW3001C04 CONTRACT-II [SPECIAL CONTRACT] L T P C
Version: 1.1 4 0 0 4
Pre-requisites//Exposure Contract-I, Legal Methods
co-requisites Partnership Act & Limited Liability Partnership Act
Semester III
B.A. LL.B.(H) & B.Sc.LL.B.(H)
Course Description
Law on contract is one of the ‘foundation courses’ in the scheme of professional legal education. It
touches equally upon the lives of ordinary persons and activities of small and big business houses When
Contract-I teaches us general principles of Contract, Contract-II helps us to learn some specific
contracts. This branch of law deals with law relating to indemnity & guarantee, bailment, agency, and
partnership contracts which are special types of contracts. The course will contain details regarding
partnership law and also Limited Liability Partnership.
Course Objectives
1. To familiarize students the basic concepts of Indemnity & Guarantee;
2. To make the students understand the basics of Limited Liability Partnership;
3. To introduce to the students the basic concepts of Business agreements;
4. to make the students understand the general principals of partnership contract;
5. To make the students understand the general principals of bailment contract;
6. To make the students understand the general principals of Agency;
7. To make the students understand the working knowledge of partnership;
Pedagogy
The pedagogy of the course will be as below:
Class Room Discussion
Teaching Assignment
Presentations
Case Studies
Projects
Seminar
Panel Discussion
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Evaluation Scheme:
Continuous Assessment 30 Points
Attendance 5 Points
Mid-Term 15Points
End Term 50 Points
Text Books:
1. Avatar Singh, Contract and Specific Relief Act, Eastern Book Company;
2. R G Padia (ed), Pollock and Mulla, Indian Contract and Specific Relief Acts, Vol I,13th
edn, Fourth Reprint,2009, Lexis Nexis Butterworths, New Delhi,
3. Mulla, Indian Partnership Act;
4. G.C ., Bharuka, The Indian Partnership Act;
5. Indian Contract Act[Bare Act]
6. Indian Partnership Act[Bare Act]
7. Sanjiv Agarwal and Rohini Agarwal, Limited Liability Partnership: Law and Practice
(2009).
Reference Books:
1. P.S. Atiah, An Introduction to the Law of Contract, (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1998);
2. W. Friedmann, Law in the Changing Society, (Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
2001);
3. J.Beatson, Anson’s Law of Contract, J. Beatson Ed., New York: Oxford University
Press;
4. S.A.Naik, Law Relating To Limited Liability Partnership In India Law, Practice And
Procedure, LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa Nagpur;
5. Dr. D K Jain, Law & Procedure of Limited Liability Partnership, Bharat Publication,
6. P.L.Subramanian, Practical Guide To Limited Liability Partnership (Law, Practice
And Procedures), Snow White Publications Pvt. Ltd;
7. V.P. Verma (Rev.), S. D. Singh and J.P. Gupta, Law of Partnership in India .
Course Contents:
MODULE 1: CONTRACT OF INDEMNITY AND GUARANTEE [05 Lectures]
Indemnity; Definition
Indian law and English law; Comparison
Guarantee; definition, nature and Economic functions, essential features
Continuous guarantee
Extent of rights and liability of surety
Discharge of Surety
2
Indemnity and guarantee; distinguished
Cases:
1. Adamson v. Jarvis (1827) 4 Bing 66
2. Sec. of State v. bank of India Ltd. (1938) 175 IC 327 (PC)
3. State of Orissa v. United India insurance Co. Ltd., AIR 1997 SC 2671
4. Richardson Re, Ex parte The Governors of St. Thomas’s Hospital, (1911) KB 705
5. Taylor v. Lee 187 NC 393
6. United City Merchants (Investments) Ltd. and Ors. v. Royal Bank of Canada: [1983]
A.C. 168 (H.L.)
7. M. S. Anirudhan vs The Thomco'S Bank Ltd, 1963 SCR Supl. (1) 63
8. State Bank Of Saurashtra vs Chitranjan Rangnath Raja And Anr, 1980 SCR (3) 915
9. Nangia Construction India (P) Ltd. vs National Buildings Construction, (1992) 73
CompCas 701 (Delhi)
10. M/S. Rahee Industries Ltd vs Corpn. Of India Ltd. And Anr, CIVIL APPEAL No.
6145 OF 2008
MODULE 2: CONTRACT OF BAILMENT & PLEDGE [05 Lectures]
Definition, nature, essential features
Rights, duties and liabilities of Bailer and Bailee
Bailment under joint owners
Right of lien, nature and types of liens
Deemed bailment, finder of Goods
Special Bailment: bankers and policy holders
Definition, nature and essentials of pledge
Cases:
11. The Trustees of The Port of Bombay vs The Premier Automobiles Ltd, 1981
SCR (1) 532;
12. Dominion of India v. Messrs. Gaya Pershad Gopil Narain, (S) AIR 1956 All 338
(FB);
13. Chhaganlal v. Dominion of India, 59 Bom LR 704;
14. National Patroleum Co. Ltd. v. Popatial Mulji, 38 Bom. LR 810;
15. State Of Bombay (Now Gujarat) vs Memon Mahomed Haji Hasam, 1967 SCR (3)
938;
16. Standard Chartered Bank v. Custodian, AIR 2000 SC 1488
MODULE 3: CONTRACT OF AGENCY [05 Lectures]
‘Agent’ and ‘Principal’ defined;
Creation of Agency, who may employ an agent; who may be appointed as agent;
Rights, duties and liabilities of principal and agent,
scope and limitation, ratification and revocation of authority;
Appointment of sub-agent
Specific examples of Agency; Brokers, Auctioneers, Power of Attorney Holders etc.
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Cases:
17. Narandas Morardas Gajiwala v. SPAM Papammal, AIR 1967 SC 333;
18. Kuchwar Lime and Stone Co. v. Dehri Rohtas Light Rly. & Co. Ltd., AIR 1969 SC
193;
19. Lakshminarayan Ram Gopal v. Govt. of Hyderabad, AIR 1954 SC 367;
20. Snow White Indl. Corpn. v. Collector of Central Excise, AIR 1989 SC 1555.
MODULE 4: Sales of Goods Act [ 05 Lectures]
Sale and agreement to sale;
Contract of sale how made;
Condition and warranty;
When condition to be treated as warranty;
Implied conditions as to quality or fitness;
F.O.B. & C.I.F. contracts;
Duties of seller and buyer;
Unpaid seller and their rights;
MODULE 5: LAW OF PARTNERSHIP [05 Lectures]
Definition of “partnership”, “partner”, “firm” and “firm name”
Partnership not created by status
Mode of determining existence of partnership, Partnership at will; Particular
partnership
Cases:
21. Steel Bros. and Co. v. CIT, AIR 1958 SC 315
22. K.D. Kamath & Co. v. CIT (1971) 2 SCC 873
23. K. Jaggaiah v. K. Venkatasatyanarayana, AIR 1984 AP 149
24. Helper Girdharbhai v. Saiyed Mohmad Mirasaheb Kadri, AIR 1987 SC 1782
25. Commissioner of Sales Tax v. K. Kelukutty (1985) 4 SCC 5
26. Mahabir Cold Storage v. CIT, AIR 1991 SC 1357
27. Bhagwanji Morarji Goculdas v. Alembic Chemical Works, AIR 1948 P.C. 100
28. Nanchand Gangaram v. Mallappa Mahalingappa Sadalge, AIR 1976 SC 835
29. Lachhman Das v. CIT, AIR 1948 P.C. 8
30. Chandrakant Manilal Shah v. CIT, AIR 1992 SC 197
31. Champaran Cane Concern v. State of Bihar, AIR 1963 SC 1737
32. Laxmibai v. Roshanlal, AIR 1972 Raj. 288
33. Cox v. Hickman (1860) 8 H.L.C. 268
34. Mollwo, March & Co. v. The Court of Wards (1872) L.R. 4 P.C. 419
35. Abdul Latiff v. Gopeswar Chattoraj, AIR 1933 Cal. 204 : 141 I.C. 225
36. Holme v. Hammond (1872) 7 Ex. 218 : 41 L.J. Ex. 157
37. Badri Prashad v. Nagarmal, AIR 1959 SC 559
38. Narayanlal Bansilal Pittie v. Tarabai Motilal (1970) 3 SCC 293
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39. Uduman v. Aslum, AIR 1991 SC 1020
40. Chandrika Prasad Agarwal v. Vishnu Chandra, 1981 All LJ 967
41. Gherulal Parakh v. Mahadevdas Maiya, AIR 1959 SC 781
MODULE 6: FEATURES OF PARTNERSHIP [05 Lectures]
General duties of partners;
Duty to indemnify for loss caused by fraud
Determination of rights and duties: by contract
Conduct of the business
Mutual rights and liabilities
The property of the firm
Application of the property of the firm
Personal profits earned by partners
Rights and duties of the partners
Cases:
42. Chennuru Gavaraju Chetty v. Chennuru Sitaramurthy Chetty, AIR 1959 SC 109
43. Miles v. Clarke (1953) 1 All ER 779
44. Arjun Kanoji Tankar v. Santram Kanoji Tankar (1969) 3 SCC 555
45. ARM Group Enterprises Ltd. v. Waldorf Restaurant (2003) 6 SCC 423
46. Gattulal v. Gulab Singh, AIR 1985 SC 547
47. Lachhman Dass v. M.T. Gulab Devi, AIR 1936 All. 271
48. Shashi Kapila v. R.P. Ashwin (2002) 1 SCC 583
49. Trimble v. Goldberg (1906) AC 494 (PC) 123
50. Pulin Bihari Roy v. Mahendra Chandra Ghosal, AIR 1921 Cal. 72
MODULE 7: PARTNERSHIP AND THIRD PARTY RELATIONSHIP [05 Lectures]
Partners to be agent of the firm; Implied authority of partner as agent of the firm
Extension and restriction of partner’s implied authority
Partner’s authority in an emergency
Mode of doing act to bind firm
Effect of admissions by a partner
Effect of notice to acting partner
Liability of partner for acts of the firm
Liability of the firm for wrongful acts of a partner
Liability of firm for misapplication by partners
Doctrine of Holding out: Rights of transferee or a partner’s interest
Right of transferee or a partner’s interest
Minors admitted to the benefits of partnership.
Cases:
51. Holme v. Hammond (1872) L.R. 7 Ex. 218 : 41 L.J. Ex. 157;
52. Rhodes v. Moules (1895) 1 Ch. 236 (CA) 136;
53. Hamlyn v. Houston & Co. (1903) 1 K.B. 81;
54. Tower Cabinet Co., Ltd v. Ingram (1949) 1 KBD 1032 142;
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55. Snow White Food Products Ltd. v. Sohan Lal, AIR 1964 Cal. 239;
56. Scarf v. Jardine (1882) 7 A.C. 345;
57. Mathura Nath v. S. Bageshwari Rani, AIR 1928 Cal. 57;
58. CIT v. Dwarkadas Khetan & Co., AIR 1961 SC 680 147;
59. Shivgouda Ravji Patil v. Chandrakant Neelkanth Sadalge, AIR 1965 SC 212;
60. C.I.T. v. Shah Mohandas Sadhuram, AIR 1966 SC 15.
MODULE 8: CHANGE IN THE PARTNERSHIP/RECONSTITUTION OF THE FIRM
[05 Lectures]
Inclusion of a partner;
Retirement of a partner;
Expulsion of partners;
Insolvency of a partner,
Liability of estate of deceased partner,
Rights of outgoing partner to carry on competing business;
Rights of outgoing partner in certain cases to share subsequent profits;
Revocation of continuing guarantee.
Cases:
61. Syndicate Bank v. R.S.R. Engg. Works (2003) 6 SCC 265;
62. Pamuru Vishnu Vinodh Reddy v. Chhillakuru Chandrasekhara Reddy (2003) 3
SCC 445;
63. Vishnu Chandra v. Chandrika Prasad Agarwal, AIR 1983 SC 523
MODULE 9: DISOLUTION OF FIRMS [05 Lectures]
Dissolution of a firm; by agreement; Compulsory dissolution; Dissolution on the
happening of certain contingencies; Dissolution by notice of partnership at will;
Dissolution by the Court;
Liability for acts of partners done after dissolution;
Right of partners to have business wound up after dissolution;
Continuing authority of partners for purpose of winding up;
Mode of settlement of accounts between partners;
payment of firm debts and of separate debts;
Personal profits earned after dissolution;
Return of premium on premature dissolution;
Rights where partnership contract is rescinded for fraud or misrepresentation;
Rights to retrain from use of firm name or firm property;
Agreements of restraint of trade;
Sale of goodwill after dissolution.
Cases:
64. Saligram Ruplal Khanna v. Kanwar Rajnath, AIR 1974 SC 1094
65. Santiranjan Das Gupta v. Dasuram Murzamull, AIR 1973 SC 48
66. M/s. Juggilal Kamlapat v. M/s. Sew Chand Bagree, AIR 1960 Cal. 463
67. Sharad Vasant Kotak v. Ramniklal Mohanlal Chawda (1998) 2 SCC 171
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68. S.V. Chandra Pandian v. S.V. Sivalinga Nadar (1993) 1 SCC 589
69. CIT v. M/s. Pigot Champan and Co., AIR 1982 SC 1085
MODULE 10: REGISTRATION OF FIRMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-
REGISTRATION [04 Lectures]
Appointment of Registrars
Application for registration; Registration; Recording of alternations in firm name and
principal place of business; Noting of closing and opening of branches; Noting of
changes in names and addresses of partners; Recording of charges in and dissolution of
a firm;
Rectification of mistakes; Amendment of Register by order of Court;
Inspection of Register and field documents; Grant of copies; Rules of evidence
Effect of non-registration
Penalty for furnishing false particulars
Cases:
70. CIT v. Jaylakshmi Rice & Oil Mills Contractor Co., AIR 1971 SC 1015;
71. Jagdish Chandra Gupta v. Kajaria Traders (India) Ltd., AIR 1964 SC 1882;
72. Mohatta Bros. v. Bharat Suryadaya Mills Co. Ltd., AIR 1976 SC 1703 208;
73. Seth Loonkaran Sethiya v. Ivan E. John, AIR 1977 SC 336 214;
74. Delhi Development Authority v. Kochhar Construction Work (1998) 8 SCC 559;
75. Gwalior Oil Mills v. Supreme Industries (1999) 9 SCC 113 228;
76. Haldiram Bhujiawala v. Anand Kumar Deepak Kumar (2000) 3 SCC 250;
77. Kamal Pushp Enterprises v. D.R. Construction Co., AIR 2000 SC 2676
MODULE 11: LIMITED LIABILITY PARTNERSHIP [04 Lectures]
Definition, nature and applicability
Procedure for formation of LLP
Rights, Duties and liabilities partner in LLP
LLP and Company, a comparison
Cases:
78. Hailes v. Hood & others (2007) EWHC 1616 (Ch);
79. Dubai Aluminium Co Ltd v Salaam and Others [2002] UKHL 48;
80. Re, Rogers [2006] EWHC 753 (Ch);
81. In the Matter of Magi Capital Partners LLP [2003] EWHC 2790 (Ch);
82. Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd [1964] AC 465;
83. Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145;
84. BFI Optilas v Blyth & Others [2002] EWHC 2693 (QB)
