Article 167: Counterfeiting, Importing and Uttering Instruments Not Payable To Bearer
Elements: (PIC)
1. Any instrument payable to order or other document of credit not payable to bearer;
2. The offender either forged, imported, uttered such instrument;
3. In case of uttering, he connived with the importer.
NOTE:
The person who utter should not be the forger, otherwise, the connivance is not really required,
for he can be held liable as a forger of the instrument.
Reason for Punishing Forgery
Forgery of currency is punished so as to maintain the integrity of the currency and thus insure the
credit standing of the government and prevent the imposition on the public and the government
of worthless notes or obligations.
Suggested Readings:
Del Rosario v. People, 113 Phil. 626
People v. Orqueza, 14 C.A. Rep. 730
People v. Galano, C.A., 54 O.G. 5897
People v. Esteban, et al., C.A., 55 O.G. 3510
People v. Loteyro, C.A., 50 O.G. 632