Music 7

Music of the Lowlands of Luzon Constantine. After the cross was found in Jerusalem, it was
Vocal Music brought back to Rome, where there was a joyful celebration
Vocal Music is a genre performed by one or more as thanksgiving.
singers, with or without the instrumental accompaniment to Secular Music
focus on the singing. It features sung words called lyrics.  It is a nonreligious music. The word secular means
Folk song “being separated from religion.”
 A folk song is the traditional and collective music of a  Secular music in the Philippines was also strongly
town, a province, or a country that uses simple influenced by the Spaniards; dance and secular songs
melodies and harmonies. are used as means to express romantic love and love
 It is an old song of unknown authorship. towards family, community, and nature.
 A folk song develops among less sophisticated Harana
people, together with artless poems about various  It is a traditional Filipino serenade sung by a man to
phases of everyday life: work, dancing, love, show his love for a woman.
drinking, children, nature, festivities, death and so  The Harana is usually accompanied by a guitar and
on. performed outside the woman’s house.
 For the Filipinos, it marked every stage of their life Balitaw
from birth until burial or death.  Is a song traditionally associated with the Visayan
Sacred Music region.
 Is performed or composed for religious gatherings  It is a debate or dialogue song in which a woman and
and fellowship. a man compete to see who is better at improvising
 Sacred music was different from liturgical and romantic verses.
devotional music. Kumintang
 Liturgical music originated as part of religious rites  Is a very popular vocal form which is closely related
and includes ancient and modern traditions. It is a to the kundiman.
part of a Catholic Mass  Kumintang is considered as Tagalog national chant
 Devotional music accompanies religious observances about love and courtship and a dance-song
and rituals. performed by pairs of men and women.
Types of Sacred Music in the Philippines  Sometimes, it is known as a war song. An example is
1. Mass Nicanor Abelardo’s “Mutya ng Pasig”
- is a sacrament of the Eucharist mostly celebrated Kundiman
by the Roman Catholic Church. The word “mass” came from  Comes from the word “Kung hindi man” which
the Latin word missa used in the concluding rite of the Mass means “Though I am not worthy”
in Latin.
2. Pastores ARTS 7
- is a Christmas season folk dance and song. It The Indigenous People excel in Arts and Crafts (highlands)
reenacts how the shepherds visited the child Jesus in a Ifugaos’ Famous Artwork
manager. The actors and actresses go from one house to -Ifugaos’ are excellent weavers, potterers, and
another singing the daygon (worship). They sing song with skillful craftsmen. They use buri, bamboo, nito and rattan that
happy moods that have a common message for everybody’s are abundant in their surroundings.
welfare. Ifugaos’ are also well-known for carving the
3. Senakulo mountain slopes of the world-famous Banaue Rice Terraces.
- it is played during the Lenten season. It portrays Woodcarvings of the Ifugaos
events from the Old and New Testaments about the life, - they are famous for their mastery of wood carving.
sufferings, and death of Jesus. The word “senakulo” came Example:
from the Spanish word “cenaculo”. It is usually played on a  Bul-ul
proscenium, a part of stage that is in front of the curtain that - bul-ul is their deity. It is important to them because
was called telon. they believe they can have an abundant harvest when this
4. Pasyon carving is placed near rice granaries.
- is a Philippine epic that narrates the life, passion, - the size of bul-ul corresponds with the size of the
death, and resurrection pf Jesus Christ. The verses are rice fields.
structured in five-line stanzas, with each line containing eight  Hagabi
syllables. Its recitation is known as the pabasa. It is commonly - It is unique piece of wood carved to become a
sung during Holy Week. bench. This hagabi is sign of riches; thus many wealthy
5. Salubong Ifugaos own this kind of woodcarving.
- it is celebrated during the pre-dawn of Easter 2. Textile weavings of the Ifugaos
Sunday. It is a scene that shows the Risen Christ meeting with - Ifugaos weave blankets, upper garments, g-string,
His mother Mary. Salubong usually held outside the church hand bags, belts and a lot more. It has been part of their
where a big arch is prepared and a child portrays as an angel tradition to weave for their family’s clothing needs.
who will lift the mourning veil of the image of the Virgin 3. The Ifugaos’ basket weaving
Mary. - Ifugaos produce baskets to serve the needs of the
6. Flores de Mayo family.
- is a Spanish term for “Flowers of May”. It is a - the most popular material in basket weaving is
festival held in the Philippines to honor the Blessed Virgin rattan.
Mary every month of May. It is one of the many influences of - in Kaingan and Lagawe villages, the split-rattan
the Spaniards to the Philippine culture and tradition. tradition is commonly used for household baskets such as the
7. Santacruzan labba, ligao and the plaited storage jars.
- is a religious celebration throughout the -Kokolongkoy vine, the natural luster and resilience
Philippines, highlighted during the celebration of Flores de of this vine produce flexible baskets.
Mayo. It is a colorful event during the month of May that Ivatans
recalls the finding of the Holy Cross by Queen Helena and her
son, Emperor
 - Ivatans are from province of Batanes. The
northernmost island of our country. Many of them wear  Mats are also popular in the baling of tobacco and
vakul, an abaca fiber-made headgear, to protect them from abaca, which are the major products in the northern
the sun. Luzon. Many of these mats are made in Batac, Ilocos
Gaddangs Norte.
- the Gaddangs weave their textile using fibers from  In Cagayan Valley, dried banana petioles are used as
cotton, pineapple, and abaca. They are fond of colorful weaving materials.
necklaces, beadworks, wristbands, and bracelets made of Basket making
copper.  Basket making is another main craft of many
-During ceremonies, men wore loin clothes (dinega), Filipinos. Basket are used as storage for food and for
a small beaded jacket (koton) and cape (tapit) while women hunting.
wore elaborate and decorative clothings.  In tribal regions, basket making is a man’s task.
Ibanags Pottery
A dominant ethnic group of Cagayan province, are  Before the Spaniards came, native folks created ceramic
mainly lowland farmers. Many of them are excellent jars to keep the remains of their dead relatives and loved
blacksmith. Nowadays, they are still well-known in making ones.
good bolos.  Traditional pottery in certain areas of the Philippines
Why is weaving popular among tribal people? makes use of clay found near the rivers as basic
- Native Filipinos weave using fibers from abaca, materials. Wooden paddles are used in molding the clay.
pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth to produce clothes, rugs, Barong Tagalog
baskets, and hats. A family’s wealth was partly based on the  Another work of art that Filipinos could be proud of
textiles the family owned and these were given as dowry gifts is the Barong Tagalog, which is popularly woven by
at weddings and as offerings to the gods. the Southern Tagalogs.
-Many tribal people wear woven hats as protection  The formal barong is made by means of fabrics like
against the strong heat of the sun. the farmers of Bontoc pina and jusi.
region wear the traditional straw hats called the salakot.  It is very lightweight and worn untucked, over an
Arts and crafts in lowlands Luzon undershirt.
Ilocos region  Today, the barong tagalog is still a popular formal
 All forms of earthenware, from small to bog flower attire not just by men but also by women.
pots to roof tiles Elements of arts
 Metal craft 1. Lines- in art, a line represents many things such as an
 Wagon wheels actual line, a person, or a building.
 Leather craft a. Static lines- they suggest firmness and
 Ilocos Norte is also known for its various cottage straightforwardness.
industries like furniture making, cloth weaving, b. Dynamic lines- these signify movements,
pottery making, woodcarving, and blacksmithing. cheerfulness, and
 The burnay industry (pottery business) in Vigan is continuity.
also a popular cottage industry. c. Jagged lines- these lines give the impression of
 It is believed that the natives already practiced chaos and disorder.
pottery even before the Spanish arrived in the 2. Shape and Form- defined by artist using lines and contrast
Philippines. in color and texture.
 Nowadays, the burnay is used in the fermentation of 3. Value/Tone- refers to the use of light and dark colors in a
fish paste or bagoong, vinegar, and basi, the Ilocano piece of art.
wine from sugarcane juice. 4. Color- produced when artist use various pigments and dyes
Paete, Laguna to create a range of different hues which the viewer’s eyes
 The town of Paete in Laguna is known as the center and brain interpret as colors.
of woodcarving in the Philippines. Many residents in 5. Texture- this could be the simulated appearance of
Paete are woodcarvers. roughness or smoothness in visual arts or the actual surface
 It is believed that the name Paete comes from the feel of a work of art or craft.
word paet, the local term for chisel. 6. Space- this refers to the physical space among objects and
 Paete is also known for manufacturing wood and the area that separates them.
papier-mache products. Takas are considered the Principles of art
highlight of the folk arts in the area. 1. Rhythm/Movement- it refers to the repetition of a
 it is believed that this craft originated in Mexico. motif or elements of art at regular or irregular
Angono, Rizal intervals.
 The town of Angono in the province of Rizal is known 2. Balance- refers to the idea of maintaining
as the “Art Capital of the Philippines.” consistency of art elements in various areas in an
 Angono is also noted for the higantes (giants) that artwork.
are made of papier-mache. 3. Emphasis- there is emphasis when an extraordinary
 Two National Artist hail from this town: Carlos or a different line, color, or shape is placed in the
“Botong” Francisco for arts and Lucio San Pedro for midst of a regular pattern.
music. Other famous artist from Angono who 4. Harmony- when the art elements like colors, shapes,
brought pride to our country are Vicente Reyes and and lines compliment, they create harmony.
Jose Blanco. 5. Unity- it refers to the sense of oneness, wholeness,
Mat weaving or order in a work of art.
 Mat weaving is an old folk art practice of our 6. Variety- principle of design concerned with diversity
forefathers for centuries now. or contrast.
 Mats are made from buri, which are considered 7. Proportion- refers to the relationship of certain
stronger and cooler. elements to the whole and to each other.
HEALTH 7
Holistic health
Health 3.Emotional Changes
- Is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and a. Starting to feel awkward.
not just merely the absence of disease. b. Being more sensitive about many things, including what
Wellness others say.
- Is a state of being healthy physically, mentally, emotionally, socially c. Becoming conscious about having “defects.” Sometimes,
and spiritually. feeling misunderstood.
Dimensions of health d. Difficulty in communicating thoughts and feelings.
1. Physical Health- includes any aspect needed to keep the How do emotional changes affect adolescents?
body in good condition such as physical activity and proper  They start spending more time with friends that with their
nutrition. own family.
2. Emotional Health- includes the ability to manage your  They may have more questions about sexuality.
emotions and behaviors to cope with stress and adjust to  They may begin to keep a journal or diary.
change.  They may begin locking their bedroom doors.
3. Social Health- includes the ability to interact with other  They may become elusive about where they are going and
people and knowing how to respect one’s self and others. who are with them.
4. Mental Health- includes you ability to analyze, evaluate, 4. Social Changes
and make sound decisions which involve critical thinking. a. Identity crisis.
5. Spiritual Health- includes a high level of faith, hope, and b. Seeking more independence.
commitment in a belief system that brings purpose to life. c. Pursuing more responsibility at home and school.
Puberty d. Being easily influenced by friends, especially when it come
 Puberty is the period when your body begins to change to behavior, sense of self, and, self-esteem.
and develop into an adult. e. Having a stronger individual set of values and morals.
 You will notice changes not just on your body but also on f. Embracing opinions of influential people in one’s life in
how you think, feel, and interact with other people. terms of preferences, likes, and dislikes.
 Developments in puberty vary in every individual. It How do social changes affect adolescents?
usually starts between the ages 8 to 13 in girls and 9-15 in  They become involved in multiple hobbies or clubs.
boys.  They may become more argumentative.
 Usually, puberty starts earlier in girls than in boys.  They may not want to be seen with their parents in public.
Changes in the Health Dimensions During Adolescence  They may begin to interact with adults as equals.
1.Physical changes and developments Health Problems and Concerns during Puberty
 Female Body 1. Nutrition and Physical Activity
Between the ages 8-15, girls go through a lot of physical  Eat a variety of food.
changes such as:  Balance the food you eat with physical activities.
 enlargement of breasts  Choose a low-fat diet and consider moderate intake of
 increase in height sugar and salt.
 weight gain due to build-up  Choose a diet with plenty of grains, vegetables, and fruits.
 widening of hips  Engage in physical activities and follow the Filipino
 reduce in the size of waist Pyramid activity.
 start of menstruation 2. Sleep and Rest
 growth of public and other body hairs  Sleep at least 8 to 10 hours every night. Your body fights
 more active sweat and oil glands and change in body odor infection, repair cells, and grows during sleep.
 possible development of acne  Take a rest after a physical activity.
 Male Body 3. Body Odor
For boys, noticeable physical changes during puberty occur  Shower or take a bath regularly.
between 12-15 year old.  Change sweaty clothes because they can be breeding
 increase in height with an average of 4.1 inches per year grounds of bacteria.
 increase in weight due to increased muscle development  Keep your underarms dry. You may also use deodorant.
 growth of pubic and other body hairs 4. Dental Problems
 increase in muscle strength  Brush and floss your teeth every after meals.
 vocal cords get thicker and voice deepens  Reduce the amount of sugar in your diet. Avoid sweet
 more active sweat and oil glands change in body odor snacks that stick to your mouth.
 possible development of acne  Choose food and beverages with vitamins and minerals
Growth Spurt such as vitamin C, D and calcium.
 is a sudden rapid growth which happens during  Visit your dentist every six months for a dental check-up.
adolescence.
How do these physical changes affect adolescents?
2.Mental Changes
What are these mental changes?
a. Learning to look beyond one’s self and understanding
other people’s point of view
b. Possible development of new interests and beginning to
focus on career goals.

c. Development of logical reasoning where adolescents start to solve

more complicated problems.
d. Starting to explore new ways of thinking, reasoning, and
making decisions.
e. Starting to think more flexibly and help in making later
choice.
How do mental changes affect the adolescents?
 They demonstrate a heightened level of consciousness.
 They tend to become very cause-oriented.
 They tend to exhibit a “justice” orientation.
 They exhibit “it can happen to me” syndrome also known
as “personal fable.”
PE 7 RUNNING
Physical Fitness is one of the fundamental skills and movement
- Is the ability of an individual to perform daily interwoven in most sporting and physical activities.
activities efficiently without undue fatigue. DIFFERENT DRILLS FOR SPEED-RUNNING SKILLS
- A person is physically fit if he/she can do his/her day- 1. Skipping
to-day activities well without easy feeling tired. 2. Back pedal
(Wesson, et. Al. 2000) 3. Side shuffles
- Stressed that physical fitness is a successful adaption 4. Butt kick
to all the stressors of one’s lifestyle. (Richard “Dick” 5. Sprint
Lewontin 1989) (Sports and P.E: A Complete Guide 6. Run,run,run and hop
to Advance Level Study) 7. Carioca
Components of Physical Fitness
1. Strength FITTE PRINCIPLE
- refers to the greatest force and the ability to apply LETTER What does the letter What does it
it. It can be enhanced through a single or group of muscles in stand for? mean?
a particular maximal contraction. How often you
2. Muscular endurance F perform this
- is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to FREQUENCY exercise
endure contractions against a resistance over a long period of
time. How hard you
3. Flexibility I INTENSITY should be working
in the exercise
- is mostly defined as the ability of the muscles,
joints, and tendons to move in full range motion.
4. Aerobic Fitness The kind of exercise
- or cardiorespiratory endurance is the ability of the T that you should do
heart and lungs to sustain energy over a long period of time. TYPE OF EXERCISE
One factor that mostly influences this fitness component is
the maximum volume of oxygen, which shows how your body T How long the
can use oxygen from moderate to vigorous movement in a TIME exercise is
physical activities. performed
5. Body Composition A key component of
- is the measure of your body fats, in relation to your E ENJOYMENT a successful long-
lean mass. This component can be a basis for one’s health term fitness
and well-being because it indicates obesity, which may lead program
to some complications like cardiovascular and degenerative
diseases.
Physical fitness assessments
1. Determining Body Composition
A. BMI or Body Mass Index- evaluates a person in
terms of height and weight to determine total body mass. It
determines your total body fat compared to lean mass. It
serves as a guide to consider if you are at risk of obesity.
B. WHR or Waist-to Hips Ratio- is the ratio between
the waist and hips circumferences. It measures the fat
percentage distributed in the torso.
FACTORS OF SKILL-RELATED COMPONENT
1. Reaction time- is the time it takes to start moving
between a stimulus and a reaction.
2. Speed- is the maximum rate a person moves over a
specific distance.
3. Agility- refers to the ability to change direction
quickly.
4. Balance- is the ability to maintain an equilibrium in a
stationary body position or when moving.
5. Power- refers to the ability to release maximum
energy in the shortest period of time.
6. Hand/eye or foot/eye coordination- is the ability of
the body to produce smooth fluid of motion or
combination of the hand and eye or foot and eye
movements to perform a task.
 • China and India, made a big impact and influence on
its music.

MUSIC 8
Elements of Music
1.Rhythm - Rhythm maybe broadly defined as everything Vocal Music of Thailand
pertaining to the duration of musical sounds. • Thai music is composed of vocal and instrumental
2. Melody- Melody is pleasing succession of tones forming a music.
line of individual significance and expressive value. Melody • Thai music uses pentatonic scale and is similar with
has direction and range. some Chinese instruments.
3. Harmony- the simultaneous occurrence of musical tones • The lyrics or text of the songs are inherently poetic
whether consonant or dissonant; t refers to the vertical which allows a singer or a performer to easily define
structure of music. the melodic lines.
4. Dynamics - words or signs indicating degrees or changes in • It gives the singer the chance to improvise song texts
loudness or softness of a musical sound or passage. to suit the given occasion.
5. Texture- the horizontal and vertical relationships of musical • Timbre used to describe the vocal music may either
materials; the way multiple voices or instruments interact in a be dry or brilliant.
composition. 3 types of Musical Ensemble in Thailand
6. Timbre or Tone color- the unique or peculiar quality of a Piphat
tone as sounded by a given instrument or voice. Piphat is an ensemble in Thailand consisting of
7. Tempo- the rate of speed of a composition or section. woodwind and percussion instruments. It is the most
8. Form - the overall structure or plan of a piece of music and common Thai classical music.
it describes the layout of a composition as divided into Musical instruments of Piphat ensemble:
sections a. ranaat (xylophone)
Music of Indonesia b. khaong-wong ( a set of gongs in a circular frame)
 Indonesian culture is extraordinarily rich. c. pi-nai (double reed pipe)
 The real spirit of the Indonesian culture is reflected d. ching (small cymbals)
in their music, dance, drama literature, and cuisine. e. taphoon ( a drum beaten by hands)
It is very unique and colorful. f. kalong-tat ( a drum beaten by sticks)
 The religions found in Indonesia consist of a variety Khruang-Sai
of beliefs with the highest population claiming to be Kruang-sai is an orchestra that combines some of the
Muslims. percussion and wind instruments of the piphat with a
 They do not have a state religion but there is a legal stretched string section. It is used for instrumental indoor
system to regulate their beliefs. performances and for accompanying the Thai hoongrabok,
 The state allows only five faith categories: Islam, the Thai Stick Puppet Theater.
Buddhism, Protestantism, Hinduism, and Roman Musical instruments in Kruang-sai orchestra:
Catholicism a. soduang (high-pitched two-stringed bowed lute)
Javanese Gamelan Ensemble b. solaw (bowed lute)
- is known for its expansive collection of a rich c. three-string jhakhe (plucked zither)
variety of instrument types. d. klui (vertical flipple flute) in several sizes and ranges
- Besides metallophones and gongs, there are other e. than (goblet drum)
types of instruments which include the following: Kedhang, f. khim (small hammered Chinese Dulcimer)
Rebab and celempung, gambang, suling Mahori
Balinese Gamelan Mahori is the combination of Piphat and Kruang-sai.
- very similar to Javanese Gamelan Basically, it is played by women in courts.
- The music is in cycle but usually faster in tempo Musical instruments in Mahori:
- includes metallophones and gongs a. ranat
- Metallophones produce very bright sound in timbre b. Khaong-wong
- used as cymbals, creates fast rattling sound c. ching
Significance of Music of Indonesia d. chakee or jakhae (zither shaped like crocodile)
• Music plays an important role in Indonesia’s art and e. saw-sam-say (three-stringed fiddle)
culture. f. saw-u (two-stringed fiddle)
• Gamelan is the traditional music from Central and g. saw-duang (higher two-stringed fiddle)
East Java and Bali. h. Thon (goblet drum; one-sided drum)
• Gamelan music is a polyphonic structure.
• The word Gamelan comes from the ancient roots
“gambel” in Bali and “gamel” in Java. Gambel means
to play musically and gamel means hammer.
Music of Thailand
• Thailand, formerly know as Siam, is known for being
the sole nation is Southeast Asia that has never been
ruled by Western power.
• It is for the reason that the country is also called
“Muang Thai” or “Land of the Free” because there is
no trace of Western influence in their Music.
• Thai music is a blending of musical elements from a
number of cultures, such as Chinese, Khmer
(Cambodian music), and Indian.
• Burma, Laos and Malaysia also made an influence on
their music.