Chapter 6: Controlling 6

Chapter 7: Contents

Cost Center Accounting........................................................................................6–2

Internal Orders..................................................................................................... 6–11
Profit Center Accounting....................................................................................6–14

Preconfigured Client Guide 1

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heading 9 al texto que desea que aparezca aquí.
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Cost Center Accounting

Master Data
Cost Center Master Records
All cost centers have a validity period from 01/01/1999 to 12/31/9999. Sample cost centers
are created with the following details:

Cost Center Cost Center Description Cost Center Hierarchy Profit

Number Category Area Center

10100 Sales – Retail V 1100 100

10200 Sales – Commercial V 1200 200
20100 Marketing – Retail V 2100 100
20200 Marketing – Commercial V 2200 200
30100 Production Costs F 3100 300
30150 Research & Development F 3100 300
30200 Quality Assurance F 3200 300
30250 Material Overhead F 3200 300
30260 Machine Overhead F 3200 300
30270 Labor Overhead F 3200 300
30280 Production Administration Overhead F 3200 300
30300 Purchasing Costs F 3300 300
30400 Subcontracting Costs F 3300 300
40100 General Admin Costs W 4100 400
40150 Utility Costs W 4100 400
40200 Finance Costs W 4200 400
40300 HR Costs W 4300 400
40400 Legal Costs W 4400 400
50100 Consulting Services V 5100 500
50200 Consulting Overhead V 5100 500

2 Release 4.6B
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Cost Center Standard Hierarchy

0010 myPCC Controlling

 0000 Management
 0100 Top Level Costs

 1000 Sales
 1100 Sales - Retail
10100 Sales - Retail
 1200 Sales - Commercial
10200 Sales – Commercial
 1300 Sales Other

 2000 Marketing
 2100 Marketing – Retail
20100 Marketing - Retail
 2200 Marketing - Commercial
20200 Marketing - Commercial

 3000 Manufacturing
 3100 Manufacturing - Production
30100 Production Costs
30150 Research & Development
 3200 Manufacturing - Q&A / Overhead
30200 Quality Assurance
30250 Material Overhead
30260 Machine Overhead
30270 Labor Overhead
30280 Production Admin Overhead
 3300 Manufacturing - Purchasing
30300 Purchasing Costs
30400 Subcontracting Costs

Preconfigured Client Guide 3

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 4000 Administration
 4100 General Administration
40100 General Admin Costs
40150 Utility Costs
 4200 Finance Costs
40200 Finance Costs
 4300 Human Resource Costs
40300 Human Resource Costs
 4400 Legal Costs
40400 Legal Costs

 5000 Service
 5100 Consulting Services
50100 Consulting Service
50200 Consulting Overhead

Cost Element Master Records

The PCC comes delivered with the following primary and secondary cost elements:

Account from Account to Cost Element Cost Element Type Description

Type

160000 160080 90 Statistical cost element for balance sheet account

410000 410010 11 Revenues
410030 429999 11 Revenues
440000 449999 12 Sales deduction
510000 520040 1 Primary costs/cost-reducing revenues
520060 520120 1 Primary costs/cost-reducing revenues
520130 520130 22 External Settlement
530000 530040 1 Primary costs/cost-reducing revenues
530070 799999 1 Primary costs/cost-reducing revenues
800000 803000 43 Internal activity allocation
810000 812000 42 Assessment

4 Release 4.6B
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Account from Account to Cost Element Cost Element Type Description

Type

820000 820500 31 Order/project results analysis

820900 61 Earned value
822000 829000 31 Order/project results analysis
840000 844000 41 Overheads

No primary cost elements or revenue elements have been created for the G/L accounts
410020, 520050, 530050, and 530060. These accounts are used to clear product costing
controlling objects for reconciliation.

Preconfigured Client Guide 5

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Cost Element Groups

Y0010-CE myPCC

 1000 Revenues and Deductions

 1100 Revenue
410000 419999

 1200 Deductions
440000 449999

 2000 Costs

 2100 Manufacturing Costs

 2110 SAP Manufacturing Clearing Accounts
510000 519999

 2120 Inventory Reserves

520000 520089

 2130 Manufacturing Variances

530000 539999

 2140 Manufacturing Expenses

 2200 Personnel Costs

610100 612999

 2300 Business Travel Costs

610000 610099

 2400 Utility Costs

630000 630030

 2500 Administration Costs

6 Release 4.6B
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620000 Bad Debt Expense

630040 630100
640000 640500
650000 660000
700000 709999

 2900 Secondary Costs

 2910 Direct Activity Allocation
800000 809999

 2920 Assessments
810000 819999

 2930 Results Analysis

820000 829999

 2940 Overhead Calculation

840000 849999

 3000 Assets

 3100 Assets – Direct Purchases

160000 160080

Activity Types
The following activity types have been created:

Activity Type Description Unit of Measure Application Used Cost Element

SCH Senior consulting hours H PS 803000

JCH Junior consulting hours H PS 803000
LH Labor hours H PC 801000
MH Machine hours H PC 800000
SH Setup hours H PC 802000

Preconfigured Client Guide 7

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Activity Type Group

The activity type group CONSULTING has been created for use with the project’s
configuration and contains the activity type JCH and SCH.
The activity type group PRODUCTION has been created for use with the product costing
configuration and contains the activity types LH, MH and SH.

Statistical Key Figures

The following statistical key figures were created for the controlling area 0010:

StatKF Unit Type Long text

EMPL ONE 1 Employees
TELU ONE 2 Telephone units
10 % 2 PS Earned Value: Nonaggregated POC
20 % 2 PS Earned Value: Aggregated POC
30 % 2 PS Earned Value: Nonaggregated POC

Statistical Key Figure Groups

Two groups have been created:
 YPCC_SKF
This group contains statistical key figures EMPL and TELU.
 YPCC_PS
This group contains statistical key figures 10, 20, and 30 and is used in Projects System.

Postings
Automatic Account Assignments
Default cost centers are assigned to the cost elements listed below. These default
assignments can be changed by using transaction OKB9 (or in the IMG choose Controlling 
Cost Center Accounting  Actual Postings  Manual Actual Postings  Maintain Automatic
Account Assignments). These default assignments are necessary for all accounts that get
automatically posted in R/3 for which the system cannot derive a cost center.

8 Release 4.6B
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Company Code Cost Element Cost Center

0010 510010 30250

0010 510085 30400
0010 520000 30250
0010 520010 30250
0010 520020 30250
0010 520060 30250
0010 520075 30250
0010 520085 30400
0010 530000 30300
0010 530030 30300
0010 650010 30100
0010 650085 30400
0010 654000 10100
0010 700050 30300
0010 700130 30100
0010 700210 30300
0010 700400 40100
0010 700800 20100

Cost Center Planning

To plan the costs on the different cost centers, enter transaction KP06 in the Command field
and choose Enter (or choose Accounting  Controlling  Cost Center Accounting  Planning
 Cost and Activity Inputs  Change).
To simplify the planning screens and define default values in your planning screen a
planner profile Y0010-PL has been created. You can set the planner profile by using
transaction code KP04 (or choose Accounting  Controlling  Cost Center Accounting 
Planning  Set Planner Profile). You can do this at the start of every session, or you can save
it in your user parameters.
For planner profile Y0010-PL we assigned planning layout Y0010-CS which allows planning
on all primary and secondary cost elements in cost element group 2000.

Preconfigured Client Guide 9

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Integrated planning has been activated and any plan values entered in Cost Center
Accounting are automatically transferred to the cost of sales ledger with the cost
center/functional area link.

Assessments
Three assessment cycles have been configured:
 Y0010 – Assessment of Utility Costs
 Y0011 – Assessment of Production Costs
 Y0012 – Assessment of Administration Costs
In assessment cycle Y0010 (Assessment of Utility Costs), the cost summarized in the cost
element group 2400 (accounts from 630000–630030) and cost center 40150 (Utility Costs) are
assessed to all other cost centers.
The CATT ZPCCCO_UTILITY runs this assessment (see chapter 14, Business Processes for
more information).
The following is a list of tracing factors:

Cost Center Percentage

10100 5.00
10200 5.00
20100 5.00
20200 5.00
30100 5.00
30150 5.00
30200 5.00
30250 5.00
30260 5.00
30270 5.00
30280 5.00
30300 5.00
30400 5.00
40100 5.00
40150
40200 6.00
40300 6.00

10 Release 4.6B
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Cost Center Percentage

40400 6.00
50100 6.00
50200 6.00

For more information on the assessment cycles Y0011 and Y0012, see Profit Center
Accounting.

Internal Orders

The configuration for overhead orders has been mostly left as standard. We use it to only
demonstrate its use as a statistical object for additional reporting options. The CATT
ZPCCCO_MARKETING takes you through the process. For more information, see chapter
14, Business Processes.

Master Data
To simplify the order creation, order type Y010 (myPCC Internal Marketing Order) has been
created. It uses reference order $STATISTICAL and the order layout Y010. For order type
Y010, the screen selection has been changed to display the minimum number of fields
required.
The order layout Y010 defines the tab pages on the order creation screen and the group
boxes within the tab pages.
Reference order $STATISTCAL gives default values for the following input fields:
 Company code 0010
 Currency USD
 Actual cost center posted 40100
 Statistical Order x
 Applicant PCC Team

Order Group
The order group 0010 has been created for reporting and planning. It has been structured
such that every order created will be included in the order group, except for imputed cost
orders. If you use imputed costs, please see the note below.

Y0010 MyPCC Internal Order Group

 000 Internal Orders

Preconfigured Client Guide 11

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 010 Development Orders

100000 199999

 020 Engineering/Design Orders

200000 299999

 030 Operating Resource Orders

300000 399999

 040 Marketing Orders

400000 499999

 050 Services to Third Parties

500000 599999

 060 Capital Investment Orders

600000 699999

 070 Other Production Orders

700000 799999

 080 Repair and Maintenance Orders

800000 899999

 090 Imputed Costs Orders

 100 Production Orders

1000000 1999999

 200 Delivery Scheduling

2000000 2999999

 300 Quality Management

3000000 3999999

12 Release 4.6B
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 400 Service Management

4000000 4999999

 500 Plant Maintenance

5000000 5999999

 600 Project Systems

6000000 6999999

 XXX External Number Range

The imputed cost order group 090 has been created for orders with an external number
range starting with 9A. This has not been preconfigured because it depends on the interval
definition of your system. Define the interval as follows:
 9A00000000 – 9AZZZZZZZZ if your system is ASCII based
 9Aaaaaaaaa – 9A99999999 if your system is EBCDIC based

Planning
To plan the costs on different internal orders, enter transaction KPF6 in the Command field
and choose Enter (or choose Accounting  Controlling  Internal Orders  Planning  Cost
and Activity Inputs  Change).
To simplify the planning screens and define default values in your planning screen a
planner profile Y0010-PL has been created. You can set the planner profile by using
transaction code KP04 (or choose Accounting  Controlling  Internal Orders  Planning 
Set Planner Profile). You can do this at the start of every session, or you can save it in your
user parameters.
For planner profile Y0010-PL, we assigned planning layout Y0010-OR which allows
planning on all marketing orders against the cost element range 650000–660000.

Profit Center Accounting

Profit Center Accounting (PCA) is a new addition to the PCC with Release 4.5A. According
to the cost of sales accounting approach, this addition primarily serves to calculate internal
(plan and actual) results for profit centers.

Preconfigured Client Guide 13

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heading 9 al texto que desea que aparezca aquí.
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Profit centers are statistical objects. If only a profit center is given during the posting, the
actual posting occurs on a reconciliation object (object type RO); the system automatically
derives a profitability segment, even if profitability analysis is not active. This case applies
for postings to revenue and sales deductions accounts (410000 to 440020). Postings to these
accounts show a profit center document and a cost accounting document for that reason.
The system issues a warning message (KI166) that you can deactivate. For more
information, please refer to SAPNet – R/3 Frontend notes 41103 (point 2) and 106968.

If you do not intend to use Profit Center Accounting, you should deactivate it. This
deactivation prevents the system from writing unnecessary line items and total records. To
deactivate PCA, enter transaction 0KE5 (or in the IMG, choose Controlling  Profit Center
Accounting  Basic Settings  Settings for the Controlling Area  Maintain Controlling Area
Settings. Deselect the active indicator for the relevant From fiscal year.

Scenario
myPCC sells its products to both retail and commercial. There are two sales managers in the
company, one in charge of retail and one in charge of commercial. In addition to these two
sales departments, myPCC has a consulting department that generates revenue. It is
important to myPCC that data reported within the company is split between these three
areas for both P&L items as well as selected balance sheet items. The key reporting measure
used by the company is profit divided by assets employed (payables, receivables, assets,
and stock).
Both the retail and commercial business sell the same products. A central group manages
the requirements of the two businesses in terms of stock and works with the sales teams to
optimize the stock levels. The monthly stock holding and production and other costs are
allocated to the retail and commercial business at each month-end based on a fixed
agreement. In all examples, we assume that all transactions will be equally split between
retail and commercial.

Master Data
Profit centers reflect the internal structure of areas of responsibility within your company.
Below you see the Profit Centers created for myPCC and the standard hierarchy.

P0010 myPCC

 P100 Retail
100 Retail Sales & Marketing

 P200 Commercial
200 Commercial Sales & Marketing

14 Release 4.6B
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 P500 Services
500 Consulting Services

 P999 Others
300 Production
400 Finance & Administration
900 Corporate & Others
DUMMY Unassigned

Profit center DUMMY collects all postings that are relevant to profit center accounting for
which the system cannot derive what profit center to use. These postings should get
allocated at the end of each period either manually by direct posting into PCA or by creating
(and executing) an allocation cycle.
Profit center 900 (Corporate & Others) has been created for postings that cannot be allocated
to any operational areas in the enterprise. American companies often manage cash or
investment accounts centrally at their headquarters, for example, and default profit centers
are used when posting to these accounts. These postings can then get allocated to the “real”
profit centers or used in reporting of higher-level financial performance measures. We have
assigned profit center 900 as a default profit center for all accounts in the following groups:
 Equity
 Investment
 Cash
 Long-term payables
 Long-term receivables
To maintain this profit center assignment, enter transaction 3KEH (or in the IMG, choose
Controlling  Profit Center Accounting  Actual Postings  Choose Additional Balance Sheet and
P&L accounts  Choose Accounts).

Account From Account To Default Profit Center

111000 113999 900

180000 180000 900
191100 191100 900
226000 226000 900
310000 330000 900

Preconfigured Client Guide 15

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Assignments to Profit Centers

Materials
As both retail and commercial sell the same products, these products will be assigned to the
central profit center “Production.” Therefore, when stock holdings are transferred at month-
end, the stock shows against profit center 300. This amount is then allocated to profit centers
100 and 200 using distribution Y0010 in profit center accounting. All materials created
through our CATT get assigned to profit center 300.
Sales Orders
By default, all sales orders pick up the profit center from the material. In this case, the
assignment is overwritten by a sales order substitution (YPCC_DC) based on the
distribution channel. This substitution replaces profit center 300 with profit center 100, if the
distribution channel is 10 (retail), and 200 if the distribution channel is 11 (commercial).
Production Orders
Production orders get the profit center from the material produced, which in the PCC is
profit center 300.
Projects
All projects created through our CATT get assigned to profit center 500 (Consulting
Services).
Cost Centers
For the assignment of cost centers to profit centers, see the section Cost Center Master Records
in this chapter. Costs booked to cost center group 3000 (Manufacturing) are allocated to cost
center group 1000 (Sales) and 2000 (Marketing) at month-end using assessment cycle Y0011.
Costs booked to cost center group 4000 (Administration) are allocated to cost center groups
1000 (Sales), 2000 (Marketing), and 5000 (Services) at month-end using assessment cycle
Y0012. This way, the costs are cleared from profit center 300 and 400 to profit centers 100,
200, and 500.
Assets
Asset master records are assigned to a profit center through a cost center.
Payables and Receivables
Before you can transfer payables and receivables, you first need to calculate the payables
and receivables in FI. In this step, the payables and receivables are broken down according
to profit centers. The results are saved and displayed as a list. Then you can transfer the data
to Profit Center Accounting. The payables and receivables are posted to Profit Center
Accounting in the reconciliation accounts in the general ledger. No financial accounting
documents are created in the process.

Assignment Monitor
You can use the assignment monitor to check the assignment to profit centers for all objects.
In the Command field, enter transaction 1KE4 and choose Enter (or choose Accounting 

16 Release 4.6B
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Controlling  Profit Center Accounting  Master data  Assignment Monitor). Any objects that
are not assigned to a profit center will post to profit center DUMMY and need to be
allocated at period end.

Assign Revenue Elements to Profit Centers

Default profit center assignment has been set up for these revenue elements. This
assignment is used when posting directly to these accounts where a profit center cannot be
derived or has not been defined.

Company Code Cost Element Profit Center

0010 410000 400

0010 440000 400
0010 440010 400
0010 440020 400

Account Groups
The following account groups have been created for reporting, assessment and planning. To
maintain or display these groups, enter transaction codes KDH3 or KDH2 (or choose
Accounting  Controlling  Profit Center Accounting  Master Data  Account Groups 
Display / Change).

Account Group Description Accounts

YPCA-ALL All Accounts 100000 – 799999

YPCA-BS Balance Sheet Accounts
 YPCA-ASS  Assets
 YPCA-CURR  Current Assets 111000 – 152999
 YPCA-FIN  Financial Assets 180000 – 194999
 YPCA_FIXED  Fixed Assets 160000 – 170999
 YPCA-LIAB  Liabilities
 YPCA-SHORT  Short Term Liablts 211000 – 217999 and 269000
 YPCA-LONG  Long Term Liablts 221000 – 226999
 YPCA-EQT  Equity 310000 – 330000

Preconfigured Client Guide 17

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heading 9 al texto que desea que aparezca aquí.
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Account Group Description Accounts

YPCA-IS Income Statement Accounts

 YPCA-SALES  Sales 41000 – 440999
 YPCA-COGS  Cost of Goods Sold 500000 – 500999
 YPCA-OPEX  Operating Expenses 510000 – 690000
 YPCA-OTHER  Other Inc. & Expenses 700000 – 703000
 YPCA-TAXES  Taxes 750000 – 750999
YASSETS Assets
 ASSETS  Assets 160000 – 160999 & 193300
 DEPRECIATION  Depreciation 170000 – 170999 and 194300
YPAYREC Payables and Receivables 121000 – 121020 and
211000 - 211020
YSTOCKS Stock Accounts 131000, 133000, 134000 and
135000 – 135999
YWIPBS WIP Balance Sheet Accounts 125500 and 132000
Y0010-ASMT Assessment Example See system for details

Period-End Procedures
Profit Center Accounting is used for period reporting. In preparation for reporting, the
following steps must be completed:
1. Run the Profit Center Adjustment program in FI
This program will assign profit centers to the receivables and payables line item
according to the offsetting line items.
In the Command field, enter transaction F.5D and choose Enter (or choose Accounting 
Financial Accounting  General Ledger  Periodic Processing  Closing  Regroup 
Balance Sheet Adjustment  Calculate).
2. Transfer payables/receivables
In the Command field, enter transaction 1KEK and choose Enter (or choose Accounting 
Enterprise Controlling  Profit Center Accounting  Actual Postings  Period-End Closing 
Transferring Payables/Receivables).
3. Transfer assets values
You cannot transfer the balance sheet items for assets until after the posting run for
depreciation is finished, since the program only transfers posted depreciation. Both the
value adjustments and the acquisition or construction costs are transferred.
In the Command field, enter transaction 1KEI and choose Enter.
4. Transfer stock values
You should transfer material stocks to Profit Center Accounting after period close has
been carried out in Materials Management (MM). In most cases, you will transfer the

18 Release 4.6B
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data from the previous period.

In the Command field, enter transaction 1KEH and choose Enter.
5. Transfer Work in Process (WIP)
Before you can transfer WIP, results analysis must be performed for the open production
orders, sales orders, and projects. The system always transfers the changes to work in
process in one period. The CATT ZPCC1KEJPCAWIP performs this WIP transfer in
Production Planning for the make-to-stock scenario and the make-to-order with
valuated stock scenario (see chapter 14, Business Processes for more information).

In the Command field, enter transaction 1KEJ and choose Enter.

6. Perform CCA assessment (Y0010 has to run before Y0011 and Y0012)
 Y0010 – Assessment of Utility Costs (valid from 010199 to 123100). All costs collected
in cost center 40150 for cost elements 630000 to 630030 (= cost element group 4200)
spread equally over all other cost centers using secondary cost element 810000.
 Y0011 – Assessment of Production Costs (valid from 010199 to 123100). All costs
collected in cost center group 3000 and cost element group Y0011 spread equally
between the retail and commercial cost centers (10100 – 20200) using secondary cost
element 811000.
 Y0012 – Assessment of Administration Costs (valid from 010199 to 123100). All costs
collected in cost center group 4000 and cost element group 2000 spread equally
between retail, commercial, and services in cost center group Y0010-SMS using
secondary cost element 812000.
In the Command field, enter transaction KSU5 and choose Enter (or choose Accounting 
Controlling  Cost Centers Accounting  Period-End Closing  Allocations  Assessments).
7. Perform PCA distribution
Y0010 – B/S Distribution (valid from 010199 to 123100), consists of the following
segments:
 STOCK – Any postings to profit centers 300 and 400 for stock accounts 131000,
133000, 134000, 135010, 135030, 135075, and 135510 (account group YSTOCKS)
spread equally over profit centers 100 and 200 using the original primary accounts.
 PAY/REC – Any postings to profit centers 300 and 400 for payables and receivables
accounts 121000, 121020, 211000, and 211020 (account group YPAYREC) spread
equally over profit centers 100, 200, and 500 in profit center group Y0010-RCS using
the original primary accounts.
 ASSETS – Any postings to profit centers 300 and 400 for depreciation area 01 and
accounts 160000–160999, 170000–170999, 193300, and 194300 (account group
YASSETS) spread equally over profit centers 100 and 200 using the original primary
accounts.
 WIP – Any postings to profit centers 300 and 400 for RA version 0 and accounts
125500 and 132000 (account group YWIPBS) spread equally over profit centers 100
and 200 using the original primary account.
In the Command field, enter transaction 4KE5 and choose Enter (or choose Accounting 
Controlling  Profit Center Accounting  Actual Postings  Period-End Closing 
Distribution).

Preconfigured Client Guide 19

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If you experience problems executing the PCA Distribution, check SAPNet – R/3
Frontend note 149102.

8. Run Reports
The standard report tree for PCA contains a variety of reports from which to choose.

20 Release 4.6B