REPORT ON NUHHP 2007
TOWN PLANNING
CHITRAKSHII DAHIYA
160BARCHI171
4TH YEAR 7TH SEMESTER
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART & ARCHITECTURE
Introduction
The Independent India has been urbanizing very fast. At the end of 20th century the
pattern of urbanization in India has been a spatially and structurally unbalanced one.
The process of urbanization has been closely linked with the process and pattern of
economic development in the country. The policies of urban development and housing
in India have come a long way since 1950s. It was in this background that the ambitious
National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy 2007 (NUHHP-2007) has been formulated.
Keeping in view the changing socio-economic parameters of the urban areas and
growing requirement of shelter and related infrastructure , the policy seeks to promote
various types of public-private partnerships for realizing the goal of "Affordable
Housing for All" with special emphasis on the urban poor.
Although housing is primarily a State subject, the Central govt. has been formulating
National Housing Policies to provide guidance to the State Govt. to meet the growing
housing shortage. This process started in 1986 and resulted in the first ever Housing
Policy which was announced in May, 1988. Presently, NUHHP 2007 is in force.
The National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy (NUHHP), 2007 seeks to enhance the
spotlight on 'habitat' with a 'Regional Planning approach' as well as further deepen the
role of Government as a 'facilitator' and ‘regulator. ‘Moreover, the Policy lays emphasis
on earmarking of land for the EWS/LIG groups in new housing projects. The Policy lays
emphasis on Government retaining its role in social housing so that affordable housing
is made available to EWS and LIG of the population.
The action plan of the NUHHP-2007 states that the Central Government will encourage
and support the States to prepare a State Urban Housing and a concomitant State Urban
Housing and Habitat Action Plan, which may include passing of specific Acts the
States/UTs for realizing the policy objectives through legal and regulatory reforms,
fiscal concessions, financial sector reforms and introduction of innovative instruments,
for mobilizing recourses for housing and related infrastructure development at the
State/UT level.
With its focus on urban housing, the policy aims at promoting sustainable development
of habitat in the country with a view to ensuring equitable supply of land shelter and
services at affordable prices to all sections of the society.
Even the policy aims at forging strong partnerships between the public private and
cooperative sectors for accelerated growth in the housing sector and sustainable
development of habitat.
Urban Housing Scenario in India
Urbanization Indian urban population in 2001 was 27.8% of the total population. Over 5
decades, annual growth of urban population ranged between 2.7 to 3.8%. During last
decade it increased at annual rate of 2.7%. The process of urbanisation is marked by
increasing concentration in larger cities. It is projected that by 2041, India’s urban
population will be 50%. The current ratio of urban land to population to GDP is 3:30:60.
By 2040 it will be 3: 50:
Major Government Initiatives and Programmes for
Affordable Housing Initiatives by Ministry of Housing &
Urban Poverty Alleviation
Formulation of National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy 2007.
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission.
Interest Subsidy Scheme for Housing the Urban Poor.
Affordable Housing in Partnership: Modification in JNNURM
Setting up of a High Power Task Force on Affordable Housing. Launch of the Rajiv
Awas Yojana
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy Salient Features
Goal of the Policy is Affordable Housing for all with special emphasis on the urban
poor.
Strategy framework is multiple partnerships of States with various stakeholders,
cooperatives, employee welfare housing organisations, private sector, and state
parastals.
Special emphasis has been laid on SC/ST/BC/Minorities, empowerment of women
within the ambit of the urban poor with emphasis on security of tenure.
Five year plan
The economy of India is based in part on planning through its five-year plans, which are
developed, executed and monitored by the Planning Commission.
The major aim is to make India as a strong in economic condition and provide better
housing facilities so that different policies were launched in India for providing this kind
of facilities
First five year plan (1951-56)
Construction of houses for Government employees and weaker sections.
Housing for the refugees from Eastern and Western Pakistan
Set up of new city- a) Chandigarh city (Punjab) b) Sardar Nagar city (Ahmedabad) c)
Gobind Nagar & Hastanapur city (U.P)
Introduction of Low income group housing scheme (1954)
At the end of a year about 1.3 million houses were added
Second year plan (1956-61)
The Industrial Housing Scheme was widened to cover all workers.
Three new schemes were introduced, namely,
1. Rural Housing,
2. Slum Clearance and
3. Sweepers Housing
At the end of the year approx. 1.9 million houses were added
Third year plan (1961-66)
Setting of Central Housing Board is at present under study
A scheme for providing loan to Middle Income Group, with funds provided by LIC.
The plan aimed to increase national income by 30% and agriculture production by
30% and to promote economic developments in backward areas.
Fourth year plan (1969-74)
The Plan stressed the need to prevent further growth of population in large cities
and need for decongestion or dispersal of population
Provision has been made for establishment of a Cellular Concrete Plant at Ennore in
Tamil Naidu.
Rural water supply scheme were taken up under the programme of community
development , local development
Central Legislation for prevention of pollution of water was under consideration.
Fifth year plan (1974-79)
Provision of Urban Development Programme were taken up in Bombay, Madras,
Calcutta and in other 9 cities (1974-75)
Total provision of Rs. 256.13 crore has been made for Urban Development.
Main thrust of the programme was directed towards ameliorating the condition of
the backward
Reiterated the policies of the preceding Plans to promote smaller towns in new
urban centres.
Six year plan (1980-85)
A provision of Rs. 96 crore has been made for the scheme of The Integrated
Development of Small and Medium Towns (IDSMT).
The Housing and Urban Development (HUDCO)and General Insurance Corporation
(GIC)have also entered the field of rural housing.
For the National Capital Region (NCR) Delhi. A provision of Rs 10 crore has been
made.
A sum of Rs.1.60 crore is being provided for research and development in order to
improve the formulation of policy on urbanization and urban development.
Seven year plan (1985-1989)
The plans include a provision of Rs. 930 crore in the states sector for provision of
infrastructure facilities.
Board of NCR has been constituted under the chairmanship o f Minister of Works
and Housing
Many states set up Water Supply and Sewage Boards.
The plan introduced programs like Jawaharlal Rozgar Yojana(1989).
Eight year plan (1992-1997)
For the first time explicitly recognized the role and importance of urban sector for
the national economy.
Long term objectives –”Shelter for All”.
To check the increasing population growth by creating mass awareness programs.
To strengthen the infrastructural facilities
9th five year plan (1997-2002)
Focused on increasing agricultural and rural income and to improve the conditions
of the marginal farmer and landless labourers
Social Schemes are implemented in state sector with state plan provision and loan
assistance from HUDCO and other financial institution.
The cabinet since has been taken a decision to repel ULCRA.(Urban land and
regulation act,1976)
10th five year plan 2002-2007)
Strengthening of vulnerable houses in EWS & LIG category.
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy, 2007 was announced in December 2007.
Taking into account emerging challenges of required shelter and growth of slums,
the first ever urban areas specific
Public private partnerships brought to the urban agenda
11th five year plan (2007-2012)
PPP are preferred mode for construction and operation of infrastructure services.
Yojana for Expressway across the country
Telecom revolution
The Jawaharlal Nehru national urban renewal mission (JNNURM) is directed to
provide improved urban services.
Twelfth Five Year Plan of India (2012 – 17)
According to this plan, ‘It must be guided by a vision of India moving forward in a
manner that would ensure a broad-based improvement in the living standards of all the
people through a growth process which is faster than in the past, more inclusive, and
also more environmentally sustainable.‘ The objectives of this Plan are as follows:
A growth rate of 9 per cent
Focus on the agricultural sector and have an average growth of 4 per cent during the
Plan period
Restrain inflationary pressure
For the growth of GDP, ensure that the commercial energy supplies grow at a rate of
6.5-7 per cent per year.
Develop a holistic water management policy
Suggest new legislation for the acquisition of land
Continue focus on health, education, and skill development
Large investments in the development of the infrastructure sector
Emphasis on the process of fiscal correction
Efficient use of available resources
Difference between NUHHP: 2007 and NHHP: 1998
NUHHP: 2007 addresses “Urban Housing” exclusively. The focus is on Affordable
Housing for all with special emphasis on Scheduled Castes / Tribes, Backward Classes,
Minorities, the urban poor and Empowerment of Women. The new initiatives under
NUHHP, 2007 are:-
10%-15% land or 20%-25% FSI (whichever is greater) to be reserved for EWS and
LIG housing
Private sector to be permitted land assembly within Master Plan
A special action plan to be prepared for urban slum dwellers
A special package to be worked out for cooperative housing, labour housing &
Employee housing.
States/UTs to be advised to develop 10 year perspective plans for housing for EWS
and LIG
Special financial and spatial incentives for inner city areas
Central & State Govt. to develop special incentive plans for in situ slum up gradation
Plan funds & other assistance to be dovetailed according to Action Plan prepared
under State Habitat Policy prepared by states
Micro-finance Institutions (MFIs) to be promoted at state level to expedite the flow
of finances to urban poor
Model Guidelines to be developed by Central govt. for use by States/UTs for land
supply
States/UTs to be encouraged to undertake reforms listed under JNNURM
Prepare detailed city maps by GIS and satellite data etc.
Transfer of proven, cost-effective building materials and technologies to be
encouraged by transfer from Lab to Land
Development of Mass rapid Transit System (MRTS) at sub-regional level
All States to be encouraged to develop a “Habitat Infrastructure Action Plan” for all
cities with a population of over 1, 00,000
Policy gives primacy to provision of shelter to the urban poor at their present
location or near their work place
Approach will be in – situ slum rehabilitation. Relocation will be considered only in
specific cases
Formation of Cooperative Housing Societies of urban poor and slum dwellers to be
encouraged
Specific addition of `Action Plan’ which seeks
Central govt. to encourage and support the states to prepare State Urban
Housing and Habitat Policy & a State Urban Housing and Habitat Action Plan
The State/UT Action Plans to focus on accelerated flow of funds for housing and
infrastructure, and promote balanced regional growth
The State/UT level policy/plan to provide a road map pertaining to institutional,
legal, regulatory and financial incentives
CONCLUSION
The urban policies could directly contribute to achieve the goals of poverty alleviation
and removal of unemployment and under-employment. One significant fact is that the
Mega cities have been growing very slowly but cater to the sizeable portion of urban
population. Their age-old urban infrastructure needs to be upgraded for a healthy living
