‘& Armenian church on ‘Akdamar island, Turkey COE SMC CIEE IRON acIre eh Vocabulary ©) Read part of a travel blog, This is my first visit to Turkey. I's a wonderful place! The people are friendly 4nd the meals are delicious. Farmers here grow many different crops, including many kinds of fruit. They also grove a lot of wheat, and the bread in Turkey is really good. Of course, the geography and climate in different parts Of Turkey affect the kind of food farmers can produce in each region. In Central ‘Anatolia, the land is almost fla, and the weather is usually warm and dry. I's ‘good place to grow crops and to raise animals such as cettle and sheep. High up in the mountains of eastern Turkey, farmers also keep animals since ‘they can't grow crops. Today I'm visiting the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in ‘Southern Turkey. The weather here is hot and hurd, but the fish and seafood are excellent! GB Write the words in blue next to the correct meaning, 1. Garmers people who produce tood 2. cegon an area ot a country or ofthe world 3. ceo plants grown for food 4. mevataind very high parts of the land 5. feuoaid. describes air with alot of water in it 6. coast land near the ocean 7. Flat describes land without mountains 8. yeoqraah. features of a place, such as rivers 8. _egals —_ breakfast, lunch, and dinner 10. _chieraie. normal weather ina certain place Grammar: Simple present vs. present continuous tense Simple present tense Present continuous tense | eat rice I'm eating rice She cooks fish every She's cooking fish now. They bake bread ay. | They're baking bread We have fruit for breakfast We're having mangos for breakfast to talk about habits and things that are general true. nad events tal are happening nom:With the simple past, we often use: yesterdayrthe day before yesterday \ays/weeks/yearsimonths ago last week/monthvyear \Wiite sentences about your ‘own life ina notebook. Use the simple past and words from the grammar chart, for example: / ate sushi ata party last month, and | ike it 8 Unitt ribe Favorite Dishes Language Expansion: Staple food crops 103 What do you know about staple food crops? Circle T for true or F for false. 1. Potatoes are originally from South America, 1) & 2 Indias one ofthe world’s largest producers of wheat. 3. Lentils are a kind of legume. 4. Soy sauce is made from soybeans. 5. Yucca grows in (under) the ground. 6. China is the world’s largest consumer of ric. (CXBQ Discuss the questions with a partner. 1. In what parts ofthe world do people eat these siaple foods? People eata lot of soybeans in Asian countries. | Right, or they eat foods made from | spears ter tnirana ms: 4 so I Grammar: Simple past tense Seon We learned how to make pizza Too much rain fell { ate sushi forthe first time yesterday, last November in 2006. “Some verbs areirogulr inthe simple past tense, They have may citeret forms, take — took fale try—tred meat ~ met be—was/were Some verbs ae regular inthe simile past tense, Tey have an -edending lean — leaned ave —aved olay ~ layed ask—asked tel ~taeled vant — wanted need — needed help ~ helped show ~ showed see sax fatale rink ~ drank 0 went sand — sent give gaveVocabulary ©) Read the article. Every culture around the world has different customs and ways of ‘communicating. When you learn a language, you learn more than words. You also learn a lot af rules. You learn what kind of greetings to use in different situations. For example, in English, we use formal and informal ‘greetings. In China, a tditionai greeting is “Have you eaten today?” In addition, there are rules for making sil ‘alk when you meet a person. Once you have learned the rules ofa language, you can communicate more easily and avoid misunder staninys People in different cultures also have different ways of using their bodies ‘to communicate. We use our heads and our hands to rrake gestures, ‘or example. But there's one kind of communication thats the same everywhere. A simile can always connect people, NSS aaa ‘& Aphotographer talks with a Nepalese woman. © Write the words in blue next to the correct meaning, 1, _evle> __ instructions for what is alowed 2. __aenile. __ happy facial expression 3. wee. movements used to communicate 4. __ceanee4 _to join together Hoi. —* 5, _aesall tease: behaviors special toa country or people 6, eniovaderatanding problems caused when one is not understood ev 7, _teyditiong! usual ways of doing things 8, _2mall_fawk informal talk about everycay topics radioont * 9, —subbose. _ describes customs from leng ago 10. _gcteding.S ___ language used when we meet someone Grammar: Present perfect tense eck Nr elias nest sinating He has traveled to many counties. He has not heen in Korea before. the correct way ‘Weuse the present periet tense asa al ans Rab “to talk about somthing tat stated in the past and continues now, , “to talk about something that nappened several Limes inthe pas. aninesiateen't pra “totalk about somhing inthe pasta is connected with present 16 Unit2Se oe Acetate) eon) Sn ot) Ce ccd ce Bl ae Te UNC I! Peat) PeNe est ere ecm) Cert 18 Unit2 jake Small Talk with New People Listening CQEDI These people are meeting for the first time. Listen to their conversations. Where are the people? Conversation 1 The speakers are in a. a hospital school ¢. an airport Conversation 2 These 5 eople are in a.arestaurant (b.jen apartment 6. an office building (CAEDBD Listen again. What do the people make smal talk about? Conyaysation 1 They make small talk about (apaasses b. weather «. clothes Conversation 2 They make small tak abou a. sports, b. TV shows he neighborhood (ABD Work with a partner. What will they talk about next? Think of two more ideas for each conversation Pronunciation: Have or has vs. contractions In statements with the present perfect tense, have and has are sometimes pronounced completely, but in informal speaking, cont-actions may be used, CUED Listen and repeat. Have Contraction Has Contraction Ihave Ive she has she's you have you've hehas he’s we have weve ithas it’s they have they've a ube at CUEDED Listen and circle the sentences you hear, OU 1. a. | have never gone skiing 1° I've never gone skiing 2. a. He has been to Colombia three times. 3 4. a They have already eaten breakfast. 5. a. We have had three tests this week 6. a® Michael has found a new job. inda has taken a scuba diving class, bb" He's been to Colombia thre times. ‘Linda's taken a scuba diving class. b. They've already eaten breakfast. b? We've had three tests this week. b. Michael's found a new jo.Are you shy of outgoing when you meet new people? Do you Ike to make small talk? Easterns Use already in questions and affirmative (©) Read the questions in the box. Think of different ways to answer them, (CXBB choose one of the situations. Try to make small talk for as long as you can. Then change partners and practice again with another situation Has Roberta already left? ready | statements to emphasize that something is We nave already sted this happened in the past (nop yet | US0,/@tnat yetin questions or negative Have you done the dishes yet? 76" statements for emphasis. Melanie hasn't eaten lunch yet Use evermnever (not ever) in questions or negative Have you ever seen a giratfe? (rot) v2" statements to ak about something tat has or has We have never payed tenis inthe rain not happened at any time before now. We haven't ever goneto Canada, a Jf 20. Unit2 7yy GOAL 1: Describe Your City or Town Vocabulary (C3 Read the opinions. Which one do you agree with? Opinion 1 / “Urban life is great! There is good public transportation, like trains and buses, And we also have highways where cars can go fast. People can find good jobs. And after work, there is great nightlife in restaurants and dance clubs. Cities get bigger every year because they are the best places to live.” Opinion 2 “City lifes tebe! Cities are so cries, with too many people in a small ate, and the population grows every year. Theres too much traf, ss because people want to drive everywhere. It's always roisy. A lot of people 4: Shibuya Grossing ovls¢e ant ove nau are, but hae aren't many jobs. It's beter to ena r ‘suburb and commute to a job by car.” Jagan © Write the words in blue next to the correct meaning. | 1. soa in the city 2, hugh wea ___ roads where cars go fast 3. _comaerle. __travel fo your job A, _geviic dicrsporbales. trains, buses, and subways | 5. crowed number of people 6. _ecgatlfc. ___things to do in the evening | 7. diflg. cars moving on a street 8. _populetoe 100 full 9, aay ___ too loud 10. ace in the country Grammar: Future with will ee EXED What do you think? Circle ¥ for yes or M for no. Compare your answers with a partner's answers. traffic am = so many cars in in the year 2080 the street that they can't move population growth = more eople living ina place 1. My city willbe bigger than itis now. (% People will drive cars inthe city. (1) (¥) ® 2, 8. Houses will be smaller than they are now. 4. Cities will have many parks and green spaces.‘The city will be cleaner. | Use wil/to make predictions about = People won't drive cars, things you are sure about inthe future : and to ask questions about the future. Sac iru) 4) Will houses be smaller? | in speaking, use contractions with wil questions Where will people tive? Ml you'l,he'l, shell, wei, they. BD Complete the sentences and questions with @ word from the box. Ae |. Silvio will_be-_in New York next Apri for an interesting event. autos . Will__be. enjoy New Yorkin April? It can be cold at that tm. . The weather will__aot bea problem. —su+€WU.M he participate in The JFK Runway Run? That's a great eveft. When will the race begin? Ask a partner three questions about city life in the future, Use wil, How will people commute in the future? Conversation Close your book and listen to the conversation. Where did Mimi live \ when she was a child? I think they'll have Personal airplanes! Mark: So, where are you from, Mimi? Mimi: {live in New York now, but | grew up in Seoul Mark: Really? I've never bean to Seoul. What's it lke? Wall, some people think i's too crowded, but it has great restaurants, I've heard that i's very polluted Mimi: That's true, but is changing now. In the future, it will be much cleaner. GAB Practice the conversation with a partner, Switch roles and practice it again. 1B Check (7) the things that are true about your city. Add some ideas of your own. Ee Good things about your city its, ee Comisy ef boing restaurants beaches dangerous crowded paris museums 2 expensive Ef poluted neighborhoods nightlife ‘4. Bongeunsa Temple in EATTEEA descrine your city or town Bongsu Tomi With a partner, have a neve conversation about your city. Then make new conversations about two other cities you know.GOAL 3: Discuss an Action Plan Language Expansion: Using maps ©) Study the map. Write the word from the box in the correct space. Bivwy ——F purseaponse J ruseum BB stopping cont (CBD Take turns asking and answering the questiors. 1. In which parts of the city are the libraries? 3. Where will the new road be? (Ws inthe north ) 4. How many shopping centers does the city have now? How many do you | atsha ct. think it wil have in 2020? Ae What do you think this city needs? Grammar: Will + time clauses ) Study the sentences and circle the correct letter. | wil nish my homework before 1 go to bed. 1 wil wash the dishes after Leat dinner. 1. What will you do first? 4. What will you do firs? 3 . Finish my homework, —_b. Go to bed. a. Wash the dishes. b. Eat dinner. 2. The word befor shows the action that 2. The word aftershows the action that happens... happens .... a. first b. second a. first 32 Unitses FHlook at the neighborhood carefully before | choose @ new apartment. Before I choose a new apartment, |'ll look at the neighborhood carefully. I'll meet my neighbors after | move into my new apartment. } After | move into my new apartment, ll meet my neighbors. “Alime clauses when something happens, Use dearer aft he beginning ote clause } “Iva sentence wih wif, use te simple present tase inte time caus. “Thetime clause can come first or scond inthe sentence Ihe time clause is fis, tis followed by comma, CXBD Use the words below and the information in the note to May 2. find place for the meeting ‘make sentences with time clauses, so 1. finda place forthe meeting/make an invitation after) May 5-12. give imitations to nelghbore | 2, make a list of things to talk about/give invitations to all May 13. make list. of things to talk about: | the neighbors (before) May 25 have the meeting 3. make a list of things to talk about/have the meeting May 26 ack city government for (betore) sports center 4, have the mesting/ask the city government fora May 27 talk to newspaper reporters sports center (after) 5. talk to newspaper reparters/ask the city ‘government for a sports center (atter) Conversation DAB) Practice the conversation. What does Jennie want for her neighborhood? Jennie: This neighborhood really needs a library. Dan: You're absolutely right. But how can we get one? Jennie: | think we should have @ neighborhood meeting to talk about it. Dan; That's. a good idea. And after we have the meeting, well write a letter to the newspaper. Jennie: Great! Ii help you ABD Wake new conversations to talk about places in your neighborhood, GEUCUINEEERTA discuss an action plan What does your city need? List things you can do to make your plan happen. Use time clauses to discuss when you will do each thing on the list. Then compare your list with a partner.} Lae OSCn ay Vocabulary (3 Look at the picture. Then fil in the blanks with the vocabulary words. 1. This pushes your blood through your body: heae+- 2. These carry blood around your body: weiaa ede 3. These bring air nto your body: tugs 4. This covers the outside of your body: adi 5. This makes your body move: —eewincle. }. This lets you think and remember: bese, This does many different things: _liver__ |. These digest food: 2tomach , 2mauiarerme erga This supports your body: bone. 2 8 (CAEDEB Listen and cheok (v) the words you hear. ary anions ety eg ig fate) es Ly Cllungs eh large intestine Grammar: The comparative, superlative, and equative The comparative expresses similarities or | differences between two people or things. Form the comparative with an adjective + -er+ than or morefess + adjective + than. The superlative expresses extremes among three or more people or things. Form the superlative with the + adjective + estor the mostleast + adjective. ‘The equative is used when people or things are the same or equal to each other. Form the equative with (not) as + adjective + as. 4a human heart ‘Ad -r/-es to most adjectives wth 1 or 2 syllables. ‘most important organ in the body. ‘The small intestine is longer than the large intestine, Henry is healthier than his father. ‘The skin is the largest organ in the human body. ‘Some people think that the liver is the Your heart is as large as your fst. Your stomact is not as large as your liver. Use mareess othe mast/east wit adjectives of 3 or more syllables, When adjectives end in -y change tho - to -/ and ad -ar-est & human fist ‘Some adjctives have irregular comparative and superlative forms: ood beter best bed worse worst / far farther _tathestIf my skin feels dry, | put some olive oilonit. MR arse evan NM Le Mure cs} Language Expansion: Everyday ailments For every common health problem, there's a product for sale to cure it. Are you suffering from insomnia? There's a pill to help you fal asleep. Did a piriole appear (on your face? There's a cream for that. If you have a fieadache after along day at work, or perhaps a sore throat and fever, you can buy something to make you fee! better. Do you have indigestion because you ate the wrong kind of food? There's a pill to end the burning feeling in your stomach. If food won't stay in your stomach atall, you can take some medicine to end the nausea. Or maybe you ate too fast, ‘80 now you have the hiccups. Wel, you won't find anything at the pharmacy for hiccups, but there's probably a company working on a new product right now. (©) Write the words in bive next to their definition. 1, ____ not being able to sleep. 2 high body temperature 3. ________a repeated sound in your throat, often from eating ‘too quickly 4 a feeling lke you are going to vomit 5, _______pain in the stomach because of something one has eaten 6. a small raised spot on the skin 7 a pain in your head 8. ___a general feeling of pain in the throat © Read the article about natural remedies. What other natural remedies do you know about? ‘ANatural Solution Garlic for a cold? Mint for bad breath? These days, more and more people are turning to. ‘their grandparents’ remedies to cure their minor illnesses. And why not? These natural remedies are usually safe, inexpensive, and best of all—they work! (At least for some ‘of the people, some of the time.) So the next time you're looking for a cure, skip the aa Mra od my ila we war ar eS = fpa rap Greta (CII vara wat rae slwy * onions to relieve a headache (Put slices on your forehead, close your eyes, and relax.)Grammar: Infinitive of purpose ‘The infinitive of purpose gives a reason for doing something, Form an infinitive with to + the simple or base form of a verb. ‘In order to + the base form of a verb is also a way to express. the infinitive of purpose, | Use a comma after the infinitive of purpose when it begins a sentence. You can drink tea with honey to help a sore throat, | use a sunscreen to protect my skin, Nikki took an aspirin in order to lower her fever. To stop hiccups, | drink a glass of water 1D) Match the actions with the reasons. J of 1. Get plenty of sleep at night —__a¢ to help them fall asleep. ‘ 2. Eatfruits and vegetables © to find out the best remedy for 9, Teke aap © your problem. . to increase your concentration ‘ 3 ik 4. Give children warm mil Hepa 7 . tions Ass goucsocia geen 4d. to make your muscles stronger. 6. Liftweights 2 — 4€. to get enough vitamins in your diet. {to cure a headache. Conversation CDXEDED Close your book and listen to the conversation. What remedies for fatigue do the speakers talk about? Olivia: Hi, Ashley. Are you drinking coffee? That's new. Ashi Hi, Olivia. You're right. | usually don’t drink coffee, but | need ittoday to wake up. Olivia: You do look tired. Did you get enough sleep last night? Ashley: No, | was worried about today's test, so it was hard to fall asleep. Olivia: Come on. Let's go for a walk. Ashley: Go fora walk? Why? Olivia: To wake you up and to get some oxygen to your brain before the test. Ashley: That's a good idea. Where do you want to go? We say That's new when we notice something different or unusual. (ABD Practice the conversation with a partner. Find and underline the three uses ofthe infinitive of purpose. (GIBB Make a new conversation using your own ideas about health problems. Then role-play the conversation for the class. COBATIEEEEEA suovest neiptui natural remedies Talk to partner, What do you usualy do to cure these common problems: a headache, bad breath, sore feet, and hiccups? The Body 49yy (eit) Ves REL Wecol azo RRP LOC} ‘& Ayoung gir plays the stringed koto, To face a challenge means to decide to do something new and dificult ‘To make progress means to improve or get nearer toa goal ‘overtime, 56 Units Vocabulary CXEDED Listen and read about one person's challenge. ‘The word “challenge” might make you think of pliysical activities ike playing sports, But mental activities such as leerning a new language or new sll can also be a challenge, For me, teaming to play a musical instrument is a challenge, but also an adventure. You might feel afraid ‘to try it, but it's as exciting as traveling to a new place, and the only equipment you need is a violin, a guitar, or in my case—a koto. When | started my koto lessons, my goal was to learn to play this amazing Instrument well enough to play for my family. Now, I'm making ‘good progress with the help of my music teacher. She thinks I'm getting better every week! | can probably achieve my goal soon, and then I'l play the koto at my father’s birthday party. © Write each word in blue next to the correct meaning. 1. related tothe body phages something new that requires effort. 3. improvement. 4. things needed for an activity eae. ‘5. unusual and exciting activity 6. succeed in making something happen aan 7, related to the mind ave tal something you hope to do over time 9. activity that requires special knowledge 10. surprising, interesting, and wonderful Grammar: Past continuous vs. simple past fem Use the past continuous tense to talk about something in progress at a specific time in the past. | saw Sasha yesterday afternoon. He was teaching his son to ride a bicycle We weren't watching 2 movie at Form the past continuous with was/ 8:00 last night. We were studying were + the sing form ofa verb. fora test Use the simple past tense to talk about | Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay Completed actions or stuation in the past. | climbed Mount Everest in 1953,Grammar: Past continuous with the simple past Past continuous with the simple past Use the simple past with the past continuous to talk about a past event | We were practicing the play when the | that interrupted something already in lights went out. root Lo _ It was raining very hard when they Use atime clause with when forthe arived atthe vilage ction in the simple past and while for ‘he action in the past continuous tense. Sa@ gota text message while she ‘was talking with her professor. Usea comma after atime clause when | While Ben was writing his research begins a sentence paper, the computer stopped working, BD Complete the sentences. Use the past continuous form of the verb in parentheses, 1. William (do) his homework when | arrived, 2. Martina. +. (look) for a job when I met her for the first time. 3. The mountain climbers (rest) when the storm began, 4, While Ted and | «= _ (wat) to see the dacto,| told him a funny story 5. You and your friends __(st) in the coffee shop yesterday morning, nversation Close your book and listen to the conversation. What was Helen's biggest challenge last year? Helen: What was the most difficult thing you did last year? Paul: Do you mean the worst thing? ‘No, | mean your biggest challenge. Well, getting used to a new school when my family moved was a challenge. For me, getting my driver's license was a challenge. It was hard! Practice the conversation with a partner. What was difficult about each challenge? Talk about facing challenges ‘Talk about a challenge you have faced with a partner. What was happening in Your lite at that time? How did the challenge change your life, or change you? Challenges 57‘4 Subaru Takahashi, the ‘youngest person to sail alone across the Pacific Ocean Phrasal verbs are two or three-word combinations that have a special meaning sel + out = leave on a trip ‘What do you think about ‘Subarus parents? Was he really old enough to set out alone? 60 Units Language Expansion: Phrasal verbs. (G) Read the article. Subaru Takahashi was only 14 years old when he set out on an amazing adventure, His goal was to sail from Tokyo to San Francisco—alone. Subaru ‘rew up near the sea and loved sailing. His parents thought he was old enough to sal alone, and they helped him buy a boat. He left on July 22. At first, the trip was easy. Then after three weeks, his engine brace dovin, so he didn't have any lights. He had to watch out for big ships at night, because it was too dark to see his boat, Five days later, his radio stopped working, Subaru was really alone then, but he didn't give up. His progress was very slow, but he kept on sailing. He almost ran out of food, and he was not fast enough to catch fish. He put up with hot sun and strong wind. On September 13, Subaru sailed into San Francisco. He was the youngest person ever to sail alone across, the Pacitio Ocean. © Match each phrasal verb in blue from the article with its meaning. put up with 96 continue trying break down he 4. set out _s accept something bad without being upset 2. give up sf bb. grow froma child to en adult - 3. watch out_© finish the amount of something that you have 4. grow up 4. leave on a trip 5, keep ono be very careful 6. runoutot_c —_f. stop trying 1 8 stop working Grammar: Enough, not enough, too + adjective 1) Read these sentences trom the article and the questions that follow, Gircle ¥ for yes and N for no. 1. He was old enough to sail alone. Could he sail alone? You 2. He was not fast enough to catch fish. Did he catch fish? you 3. It was too dark to see his boat. Could people see his boat? YouGe ee adjective + enough = The amount that Val {ds He was old enough to sail alone. ‘elma oO not + adjective + enough = Don't have ) A the amount that you want. A4oo/ 100 + adjective = More than the me His boat was too dark to see amount you want. e B Complete the sentences. Use enough, not enough, ot too and the adjective. 1. Subaru’ boat was __ (big) fortwo people. 2. Aboatis ____ (expensive) for me to buy because | don't have much money. 3. Grossing the ocean alone is___ (dtfcut) for most people to do. 4. My parents say 'm____ (oid) to travel alone. | have to wait until tim 18 5. | think Subarus trip was ___ (dangerous) for a young person His parents should not have let him go alone 6. Atrip to San Francisco by plane is a fun adventure, and it's (safe) for my family and me. Maybe well go there for our next vacation. Conversation YEDES Close your book and listen to the conversation. What does Lisa need to do before she can climb the mountain? Lisa: Do you know what | want to do next summer? My goal isto climb Black Mountain t Are you serious? Black Mountain is too hard to climb. Don’t you need special equipment? \ already asked about t.| just need good boots. And you're not strong enough to climb a mountain! You're right, | can’t do it now. But Il go hiking every weekend. Next summer, Ibe fit enough to climb the mountain, Mari: Well | like hiking. I'l go with you sometimes! GAB Practice the conversation with a partner. Then have new conversations 5 about the activities in the box. Ru otc Mc Cees FATIETEEN A Use too and enougho talk about abilities aaa Caer Write down six things you want to do, Discuss whether you can do these things, now. Are you old enough to do them? Are they affordable or too expensive? Challenges 61EVerN eT UTC ne (elt MC Vocabulary ©) Complete the photo captions with a phrase from the box. Set) Seca a eas er Fs & Infancy A Adolescence & Adulthood A Old Age He's He's . She's . He's What do you think? At what age do people make these transitions? 1. from infancy to childhood 2. from childhood to adolescence 3. from adolescence to adulthood 4. from adulthood to old age ‘4 Childhood She's ————————— (GIBB Compare your answers in exercise B with a partner's answers. What changes take place in these transitions? ‘baby can’t walk o talk. Achild . (como) Grammar: Using the present perfect tense fee Use the present perfect to tak about . Sane viel 1. He has loved music since he was a baby. (4e stl loves music now) began in the past and continue Tim has traveled alone before, so nt tt ese he's not nervous about his trip to . happened at an indefinite past time nga, and which have an impacton the 3, Ken and Takako have moved three times. present, happened repeatedly in the past. Use the simple past for completed action | We-have-bought-eur- house in 201 or situation ata specific past time. We bought our house in 2011 The signal words ever, never, already, Has Justin graduated already? and yetare often used with the No, he hasn't graduated yet present perfect 68 Unité‘Simone has had gray hair forten years. (That's how long.) She has known her bestfriend since 2004. (That's when they met) Use the present perfect with for to talk about how long something has been ‘true. Use the present perfect with since to talk about when a situation began. 1D Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect or simple past. 1. |_______ live) in this apartment for five years. Before tha, (live) with my parents. 2. Leonard ___ (graduated) from high school two years ago. He (not, graduate) from the university yet. 3. Nora___ (be, not) to South America, but she (travel) in Mexico last year. 4. We (start) this course two months ago. So far, we (finish) five units. Which of these things have you done? When did you do them? Write sentences with the present perfect or simple past tense in your notebook 1. vote 8, move out of your parents’ house 2. get married 4, find a gray hair on your head 5 Compare your answers in exercise B with a partner's answers. At what stage of life do people usually do these things? At what age? versation Close your book and listen to the conversation. Where did Jason go? Have you ever traveled alone? Yes, have. It was fun! Really? Where did you go? | went to Los Angeles for a week last summer, Did you stay ina hotel? No, | visited my cousins. We had a great time, about your travel experiences. ALLA YA Talk about milestones in your lite Look at the stages of life on page 68. Write a question about a milestone (very important event) for each stage. Ask a partner your questions, ‘A City of Los Angeles, U.S.A How long have you known your best friend? Transitions 69Language Expansion: Adjectives for age Do you know someone who fits any of these descriptions? Who is it? Share your answers with a partner. Use the adjectives in the box to help you, falk about these people with a partner. How old are they? Describe them with adjectives from the box. age limit =the oldest or youngest age that you can do something came of age =become an adult | think she’s in her teens, but she looks very mature. eed Adjectives give information about nouns. Lenora is very mature. How mature Use How + adjective to ask a question is she? | about a descriptive adjective. She's mature enough to babysit my son. ‘Adverbs give information about verbs. | learn quickly. How quickly do you Use How’+ adverb to ask a question learn? | about an adverb, [earned to ride a bieycle in one day! 72 UnitéGLOSSARY A TEN lagu pat whose sees sometimes are et colrs, such ack od, and can be fechad and sten tlinate: norma! wether pattems at: describes an area ea the ocean ta gran ta erm on ta gran pants and ‘aly has ge yt sans that refs to animals ‘or adhed and eaten by people {407 id of pant gov for ood lus somthing that goodasting stigqusting:somathng hat causes grt ike Amer: person who produces food ayant sonering nat nas a pest: ate ‘setaraphy the sto the sutae othe cath uid seb anats ris land: area of carts wpa cust conposed mainly el and sometimes bode of test water, Sve fits oaks lent legue plats whose small round seeds can bnoooiod ang vaten sme breaks rch, and dinner ‘moun: a formation of ad and wk higher fant ‘ak 2 yp of gran usualy eaten by anal ana pect Does: 9 rou rh rot veatate tat canbe cad and eaten tlt gan used or fod thats ususly smal and whe ad rows 2 waar gon: are ares sting Wat ha og ope snjbons: a epume pant rte to Al, ued to make foots sutnas tua oy sauce Stone fot ery import tos what: 2 rein usual ground ina flour and used to Irae ings such as pst or bead yams: pant ta orango rot tt ean be ‘kd and aan, sont ald set potato yee: 2 plan, avy aon a warm erates, ose rot can be ceed and et ie Ce cameet 29 rate 2208 th he sare guage and ay of atta usual in a courty foxmal: ver serious ans important ‘gre: boy movement fo show something (Gating. an idea ot) roting: th rst werd or Moning someone lialrmat: rent a old misunderstanding: aiken sa hat cases farts alte caret way to something al tak coerston abot hinge hat ae import fm: rn an’ psu atthe comes usualy to Show 9000 fangs ‘nator: sare for ong tine ithout chaang suse upon 162 Glossary ermmate: elo your od trandad 10 tas the dracon whore the sun comes up—asaly athe nite amap high. cat whe crs go fast ey: ona ap te sacsion of a map tat eins the earn othe symbols rghborheod ore 2 na ity nightlife: ings todo the evening it out noe: he crecton hats vay ate ap ota map Bogut: re number of sep eho ina plac bli ransporatin: vas, buss, ord subways ral inte country fale: (on aap) the section ofa map that expos tieastances south he drecton tats silat he batiom aa map trate cars mong ona tet uta oni diecton where th sun gos foan—sualy et oraman ii artery one ofthe lage baad vases pong ram the fart bone: ag, tity part ofthe bay hat makes up ts frame (he seo ‘bral: erpan nthe ead used fr tking and fetg fever rigs tnan sara oa tpeatre Iaache: pain in your head art he arcane chest hat pumps baad through he toa cep «sharp Sound you mae in your boat Indigestion: pain in he stomach bacause ot some thing you tae ten Insomnia: ot abe 10 Sap Intestine: ho a aro fo tubo in toy that canis fog aay om te stomach ier he cra the bod ta eps in mang Sugar ‘or enery ann cearing te ood lang: oe of vo breathing gar inthe chest that py oxyen To eo ‘muscle: pa ofthe body hat connects te bones rd makes he Dy me ‘nausea 2 etn he you a going to voit mpl: smal sweling on te skin shin the over covering of he body small inetne tounge a7 ofthe tute inte O00 Ina eares food uy om te stmach re teat: pera fling of pain he oat ‘Mamas te ital ody part wher fond goes ater Dang svatoved va a of bs at Ya Bost me eat nstungs Sf aleve succeed mating someting magpen| adventure: soating unusual and exciting Amazing or supisng sn wonaett Att: 2 parson who rates at suoh as a painter or musioan break down somthing tat stops worry busines person: sorcane who werk nthe sness orl, ‘hallange: someting tat sn an cut to ¢ lament tis you ree fora peteusrpxroe explorer apetson vo expos uremia ees. seven tive up: sp tyr nak: somching you hope tobe ale ta do hou Your torts ve tine ‘ow wp: 40m 2 chi to an at Heap on: canine ning manta: srg tat rested to te mind ia ur: someon iho wars na poitcal fel. sues 3 govern mar or orestent plyieal someting thal slated to the body progres: 1 adancarent ouards a goa pt ap wit: scap omething tad witout bing fu ut af ns th amount of Something tat ye keve felanst::person who works and conducts ses Yethin te ii of sence set out: ese on tuo stl an acy rat needs spadl knowedye and bractce vaten eut:de vr aa tr 3 9son oho makes. awry by wring r ana aut 2 p2s0n ape 20 or over utd pao fe when you aan adult any piso ag05 0-1 edie: 2 son aged 2-12 efllanooe te part ofite when you area ea escibsa person wha is ler, ut at Seasnisieas erty dscns 3 prson who looks and ats ob inner wesig: costes 9 psn nto is Detyaen 27 and 23 (ao nhs teens, ies, ‘ote, 2) lntaney: te art fit when you area baby matress a person hes ls enough porsble and make good decision. middle-age: describes person hos not your stout o-80) ‘age: te parto e whan you area rata: escribs person who has stopped work Bold a sor eon: not person (it tem) Aeenager 2300 ges 13-19 out series a person wna is oer but wit foray of oun person god) UNIT Ill: o ake something ro diferent pats r mmatenae flamont: be fares erste. made of eos: caraon ander valuable lacttonles: machines tat use eect such as Taps. ebusions, or musical equpment emerald 320005 oreen gemstone wate: bgp smal clock wor round met Jam: na state of tena wel“ ar ake ab hepato fe when you ave becomtocome across a ehane yon someting to preserve food by taeping ver cold cat made tram the nary sno an anal oof someting ee, to make agit apracous yell meal usd tomate jy. 2d other odes jewelry: ceorative es crate by Bes a peop wea suh asi, ee, 0 posses knowledge or nesta seating fo bevoms unas toins ta conor at geet pense neckac: a sing o smoot, und, white formed tural io ost, thal warn metals: extremal ual, cosy mata sone: tremely auale, cet stores escamonds plac amating o cause ogo or ove shirt the material made by ikworms sev into 2 ot athng wor or he Upee bod, ena wth es, aca and bat 2s, shy metate werent rvs forks spoons afd oer fr making iets the adver form of baa to adetb form of beau oes exist any ree, al rad te adver form af fast tne pace where an animal usvady Hes nook er anima and kil them est frm of iu anal hat ils otha anima a animal that oral lito eat to koa sate rm oangar he adverb fxm saw 9 id of animal he aver form of good Innate not conto by people back: oak someting back rom wher it nas We: ase someane and ats fru uly grown fon ether side of ie: even tough n splot meade, trasacton oats or abets et work through a problem of sluton scp deg or having someting ou: do someting god or senaone rt: to mtv oF simate ef print and tre tote put Jon: (loti) ares table someting tats worthy of ateton, ordinaty oustanding th action at lank or smating lage boats usa ta nial age tos ot ater an encange of bcs of materi fr finance Jon sea sith co Uno an eet! appiance feachine aline agen: etson who wors fo: an aire at an ‘pon baggage cli: prt ofan tort here aelers pi bags back Fig pas: card ht shows your sa amber can arpare fanry-on bag sil bg that you ran tke onan sine wt ou tapartures ts pat of an arpan nee veers tee porto an apart whore toes get onan Silane erg plan er were you wit go an tp passpor: anol document hat you must show ‘hen you ener oleae acoutry ‘meena: gst ssa 00m hoe, apr, van et secur check te part ofan apa yer tears Teoe or dangerous things in veel bags termina: args bldg 3 a9 aport ita: prited pce of paper tat says you pai tora piace ona tai, alana, te Travel agent: 2 worker we arranges ps for ote rope vaccination: nection hat sops you tom gating pater a vis: a slamp or paper that lous you to enera faregn county | assistant somore who els anche ers do Meir arc & word used before ob testo ndate slg ier rank bore: otng of bin unitratein someting Boring: unitresting ose the person in charge ot others computer sttare engine someone vno dose nou pegs nme someone wh works fora perso, 5 or goverent aperiece: uncertain gained rough cong Someting eat are wortr: someone wh gs mas! cre Information technology specialist 2» e027 ine teary ane practoe of using computers fo store and anal teraton Interested: cng of euroty or desk to kn more about a ater, lawyer 3 protssonl wo paces an tmner: somanne wn siesta lange ora rer {alteation: 2 ait that mates someone suable {do someting sales representative: omsane hos Serves Usually ouside oa store satlying: sorating that meets your wants feats suprlse: a eg ot lessur or shock aver an Snaocted erent ring: causing toga in someone traning process of eoveaton, nstuton olunteer: someone wi gest do somaing Breau they want, rat aca ay ave 0 cia annual eet year tenearate: co Something enjoyable fora spac day Congratulations! 3 grexing you use when someone raduats or ets aren od este pc otes hat pope wear for Darlomence oor any row very age ooup of sop none place iting: makes you fel hapey an enthusiastic festa: aime with any performances ot mus, sane, Bood int: 2 grating uses to wish someane «good Happy anniversary: gosta ou use who poole ‘alerts bing maz fa a arn nor Ors (suchas 1,25 or 0) apy beaay:» nasa hay ing you use when someone 2 grsing you use on New Years boliday: a ay when people dort work attipate: 2k part n take place poor “Thanks fr havnginiting us! 2 geting used tothank omena ering you to ter nome or pary ‘Well-donet 2 grouting use 0 rorgstuate someone ‘hen they accomplish something ata Glossary 163bine, vee object (a)" Mary” helped” the boy. (&) The boy woos helped” by Mary (QQ Anaccident happened. @ (one) a ths pansive, she objec of am active verb becomes dhe = ruse tne parioe veto dhe Bes we) eee oe Bibjec of tne pusive var (8) ; Notice chat the subject of an active verb follows by in passive sentence. The town hat follows 65° eae the apent in Go): Mary tie agent G@) and (&) have the same meaning Only ansitive verbs (verbs that can be followed by an object) are used in the passive. teis not possible o use intransitive verbs (such as happen, sleep, come, ses) inthe passive (See Appendix Chart Ale p. at} Form of the passive: Be + pate portciple imple present Mary helps the boy The boy be helped by Mary preent progressed May i helsing the boy The boy E being helped by Mary wrum petea® Mary hashelped — theboy. Le" Theboy Macteen hameeg Ry Ram Fnplepot St May helped wey. Tue boy ee hetped by Rasy, [fost progrenice Mary was helping the boy The boy Sus being helped by Mary pose popes Mary had helped® — hebey. cic | The boy had been hatped by Marg Sipe fares Shay weil al he bey The boy tnt he helped by Racy. hows Mary Es goin to help the hoy The bey is going tobe helped by Mary ferrin Mary wil hevehelpad theter ictey ill have boon Helped! by Macy (© Wass the boy heipad by Mary? (Dy the boy Being helped by Mary? [@ Has the boy been helped by Mary? {a the question form of passive verbs, an auxiliary wtb precedes the subject. (See Appendix Chart B-l, LAG, for information about quecuon forma) (A Tos proprnifrm fe evn PhS ps fh fe tie Rt ey yw we poke