PNHS HORTI-CROP
Part of Module for T.L.E
Grade Level: 7 Area: ____________
Competency Code:
CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS
LO. 1 Perform Cultural Practices
Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of the cultural requirements of crops.
Performance Standard: The learner independently performs various cultural requirements of plants.
OBJECTIVES: The learner should be able to:
1. Define drainage.
2. Define irrigation
3. Enumerate the advantages of well-drained land.
4. Enumerate the importance of irrigation
5. Explain the importance of drainage and irrigation in agriculture.
WHAT TO KNOW?
How are plants maintained in order to attain their optimum growth? Find out.
Are you ready for the cultural requirements?
A. Drainage
Drainage is the natural or artificial removal
of a surface's water and sub-surface water from an area
with excess of water. The internal drainage of most
agricultural soils is good enough to prevent severe
waterlogging, but many soils need artificial drainage to
improve production or to manage water supplies.
Need for artificial drainage
Excess water in the crop root zone soil is injurious to plant growth. Crop yields are drastically
reduced on poorly drained soils, and, in cases of prolonged waterlogging, plants eventually die due to a lack of
oxygen in the root zone. Sources of excess soil water that result in high water tables include: high precipitation
in humid regions; surplus irrigation water and canal seepage in the irrigated lands; and artesian pressure.
Waterlogging in irrigated regions may result in excess soil salinity, i.e., the accumulation of salts in the plant
root zone. Artificial drainage is essential on poorly drained agricultural fields to provide optimum air and salt
environments in the root zone. Drainage is regarded as an important water management practice, and as a
component of efficient crop production systems. World food supply and the productivity of existing agricultural
lands can only be maintained and enhanced if drainage improvements are undertaken on cropland currently
affected by excess water and high water tables.
Drainage (both surface and subsurface) is not simply the conversion of wetlands, but the
improvement of naturally inadequately drained cropland. It is complementary to irrigation and is viewed as an
essential component of irrigated agriculture. The objective is to increase production efficiency, crop yields and
profitability on naturally poorly drained agricultural lands.
Methods of drainage:
1. Natural – the method that drains excess water from the field without the intervention of man.
2. Artificial – this method may take the form of open ditches and tile drains or under drains. This is the
best method of removing excess water from the field because water passes down quickly, avoiding the
removal of surface flow.
Advantages of well- drained land:
1. It is porous. Porous soil is easy to work on.
1
PAG-ASA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Jaide H. Sapul Cp#0933-944-1481
PNHS HORTI-CROP
2. It does not become muddy.
3. It is not acidic.
4. There is no submergence of small growing plants.
5. The growth of plants is generally better.
6. The activities of microorganisms are disturbed.
7. Well-drained land prevents the removal of top soil which is the most fertile part of the soil.
8. Good drainage helps in flood control.
9. Land value and productivity are increased.
10. Crop yields are increased because of improved water management and uptake of plant nutrients.
11. Drainage maintains favourable salt and air environments in the crop root zone.
12. There is less surface runoff and soil erosion on drained land.
B. Irrigation
Irrigation is the process through which controlled amount of water can be supplied through artificial means such as
pipes, ditches, sprinklers etc. the main objectives of irrigation systems is to help agricultural crop growth, landscape
maintenance, reduce the effect of inadequate rainfall etc. Therefore, the importance of irrigation systems is very high.
TYPES OF IRRIGATION
Methods of Irrigation
1. Surface irrigation – the water is applied on the surface of the soil either in furrows or by flooding.
This is the most economical method of irrigation.
2
PAG-ASA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Jaide H. Sapul Cp#0933-944-1481
PNHS HORTI-CROP
a. Basin Irrigation- the most common form of
surface irrigation, particularly in regions with layouts of small
fields.
b. Border Irrigation- can be viewed as an
extension of basin irrigation to sloping, long rectangular or
contoured field shapes with free draining conditions at lower end.
c. Furrow irrigation- avoid flooding the entire field
surface by channeling the flow along the primary direction of the
field using furrows
2. Sprinkler or overhead irrigation – the water is applied in the form of
a spray or artificial rain. This method uses water efficiently and the
operation is flexible.
3.Drip irrigation -the water is applied through pipes at calibrated pressures.
Two Systems of Irrigation
3
PAG-ASA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Jaide H. Sapul Cp#0933-944-1481
PNHS HORTI-CROP
1. Gravity – a system of irrigation that requires a dam to direct the water to a stream.
2. Pumping – a system of irrigation that uses a pump to draw water either from a nearby stream or a
ground water supply.
Main Importance of Irrigation
Proper irrigation systems can secure uninterrupted agriculture.
Crop yields everywhere in the developing world are consistently higher in irrigated areas
than in rainfed areas
Seeds cannot grow in dry soil as moisture is necessary for the germination of seeds. With
the help of irrigation supply, the required moisture content of soil for the growth of seed can
be ensured.
Multiple cropping in a year is possible through irrigation.
Through the irrigation, it is possible to supply the required amount of hydrogen & oxygen,
which is important for the proper development of plant root.
A plant can absorb mineral nutrients from the irrigated soil. Thus irrigation is essential for the
general growth of the plant.
Bringing more land under cultivation is possible through irrigation.
Insufficient rain may also cause drought & famines. Irrigation can play a protective role
during the period of drought & famines.
Irrigation contributes to the economic growth and poverty reduction.
HOW MUCH HAVE YOU LEARNED?
SELF-CHECK 1.1
Direction: Enumerate the following:
1. Advantages of Well-Drained Land
2. Importance of Irrigation
WHAT TO REFLECT?
Directions: Answer the following questions. Write your answer in your activity notebook.
1. What is drainage? (2pts)
2. What is irrigation? (2pts)
3. Why is drainage system important in agricultural production? (3pts)
4. Why is irrigation important? (3pts)
4
PAG-ASA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Jaide H. Sapul Cp#0933-944-1481
PNHS HORTI-CROP
References:
Learners Module p.33-34
Wikipedia
https://civiltoday.com/water-resource-engineering/irrigation/63-importance-of-irrigation-system
https://www.slideshare.net/wreforum/irrigation-14801727?next_slideshow=1
5
PAG-ASA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Jaide H. Sapul Cp#0933-944-1481
PNHS HORTI-CROP
6
PAG-ASA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pag-asa, Bansud, Oriental Mindoro
Jaide H. Sapul Cp#0933-944-1481
