Teaching Aptitude 1 by Sajna Fathima
TEACHING APTITUDE
CONCEPT OF TEACHING
Concept of teaching
The chief task of education is, above all, to shape man, or to guide the evolving
dynamism through which man forms himself as a man.”
Traditional concept:- Teaching is the act of imparting instructions to the learners in the
class- room situation. It is traditional class-room teaching. In traditional class-room
teaching the teacher gives information to students, or one of the students, or one of the
students reads from a text-book, while the other students silently follow him in their not
merely imparting knowledge or information to students. While imparting knowledge
teacher should kept in mind the child as well as the orderly presentation of subject-
matter.
Modern concept: Teaching is to cause the pupil to learn and acquire the desired
knowledge, skills and also desirable ways of living in the society. It is a process in which
learner, teacher, curriculum and other variables are organized in a systematic and
psychological way to attain some pre-determined goals.
Some Expert Views about Concept of Teaching:
1. Rayburn’s view: “Teaching is a relationship which keeps the child to develop all his
powers.”
2. Burton’s view: “Teaching is the stimulation guidance, direction and encouragement of
learning.”
3. Smith’s view: In words of B.O. Smith, “Teaching is a system of actions intended to
produce learning.”
Teaching is a complex process which brings socially desirable behavioral change in a person. Teaching is
a part of teaching-learning process. It is required to bring certain changes in a person according to the
need of his society and environment in which he is living. ‘Teaching is not an act as it is dynamic in nature
so it is termed as process. It is also not a fundamental concept as it is greatly influenced by social and
human factors.
Teaching is a process in which one individual teaches or instruct another individual. Teaching is
considered as the act of imparting instructions to the learners in the classroom situation. It is watching
systematically. Dewey:- considers it as a manipulation of the situation, where the learner will acquire skills
and insight with his own initiation.
Teaching definition:-
(1) H C Morrison:- Teaching is an intimate contact between the more mature personality and a less
mature one.
(2) Jackson:- Teaching is a face to face encounters between two or more persons, one of whom
( teacher) intends to effect certain changes in the other participants ( students).
(3) J B Hough and James K Duncan:- Teaching is an activity with four phases, a curriculum planning
phase, an instructing phase, and an evaluating phase.This definition presents the organizational aspect
by which we can describe and analyze the teaching process.
Teaching Aptitude notes by Sajna Fathima
Teaching Aptitude 1 by Sajna Fathima
(4) N.L.Gage ( Democratic point of view ):- Teaching is interpersonal influence aimed at changing the
behavior potential of another person.
(5) Clerk:- Teaching refers to activities that are designed and performed to produce in students behavior.
In brief a proper definition of teaching should-
(i) Identify whether teaching is a process or product
(ii) Clearly indicate its constitutional factors
(iii) Reveal objectives, and
(iv) Say something about its organizational and structural aspect.
Nature and Characteristics of Teaching
Nature of teaching may be described as
Dynamic, Social and Humane. Teaching is not a fundamental concept because it is greatly
influenced by social and human factors which are dynamic in themselves.
Both, Art and Science. Teaching is both art and science. It calls for exercise of talent and
creativity making it an art and involving repertoire of techniques, procedures and skills which can be
studied systematically, described and improved making it science.
Diverse in Application. In application, teaching is of diverse nature. It may have various forms as
formal, informal, directional, instructional, formational, training, conditioning, indoctrination, talking,
showing, doing, remedial, etc.
Characteristics of teaching may be described as
A system of actions. Teaching is a system of actions varied in form and related with content and
pupil behavior under the prevailing physical and social conditions.
A professional activity. It is a professional activity involving teacher and student with a view to the
development of students’ personality. Professionalism helps students in being regular and making
harmony with their objects towards those they are concentrated.
Subjected to analysis and assessment. Teaching can be analyzed and assessed and analysis
and assessment provide a feedback for further improvement.
An interactive process. Teaching is highly dominated by the communication skill. Teaching is an
interactive process carried with purpose and objectives.
A specialized task. It is a specialized task and may be taken as a set of skills for realization of
certain objectives.
A collection of various modes. Teaching is a collection of various modes of itself. It is a broader
term. Terms like conditioning, training, instruction, indoctrination denote a kind of teaching. They are a
part of teaching but not a synonym with teaching. These are various modes of teaching contributing
towards teaching.
The Aim of Teaching
The aims of teaching with respect to its various modes, are as follows-
Teaching – To bring changes in the behavior of students.
Conditioning – To improve the learning skills of students.
Teaching Aptitude notes by Sajna Fathima
Teaching Aptitude 1 by Sajna Fathima
Training – Shaping the behavior and conduct.
Instruction – Acquisition of knowledge.
Indoctrination – Formation of belief.
Objectives of Teaching
Major objectives of teaching are as follows :
To bring desired changes in pupils.
To shape behavior and conduct.
Acquisition of knowledge
To improve the learning skills of students.
Formation of belief.
To provide a social and efficient member to the society. Four Modern Concepts of Teaching
Characteristics of good teaching:
1. Matter of drawing out
2. Matter of adjustment
3. Causing to learn
4. Training of the education
5. Preparation for life
6. Professional activity
7. Giving guidance
OBJECTIVES of Teaching
To provide the quality education at secondary level in bringing out the “creative self" for the nation
Enhancing teacher effectiveness and quality of education in schools
To inculcate fundamental qualities in teachers like adequate teaching skills, professional characteristics,
classroom management skills, interpersonal relationships.
To make the teacher emotionally intelligent and competent to address to the emotional needs of students
so that learning becomes effective.
Recognizing the enormous potential of education in shaping the personality of future citizens.
To construct a valid instrument for measuring teacher’s behavior outside the classroom
We can define teaching according to the following three viewpoints.
(a) Authoritarian
(b) Democratic
(c) Laissez faire.
(a) Authoritarian:-
According to this viewpoint-
Teaching is an activity of memory level only
This teaching does not develop thoughts and attitude in the students.
Is known as thoughtless teaching
This teaching is teachers centric criticism of the teachers.
Teaching Aptitude notes by Sajna Fathima
Teaching Aptitude 1 by Sajna Fathima
(b) Democratic teaching:-
According to this-
Teaching is done at understanding level.
Memory level teaching is the prerequisite (concept) is first memorized and then understand
Such teaching is known as thoughtful teaching.
and According to this point of view, teaching is an interactive process, primarily involving classroom talks
which takes place between teachers student.
Here students can ask questions and criticize the teachers.
Here students can ask the questions and self-disciplined is insisted.
(c) Laissez Faire Attitude:-
It is known as reflective level teaching.
It is more difficult then memory level and understanding level of teaching.
Memory level and understanding level teaching are must for the reflective level of teaching.
It is highly thoughtful activity.
In this level both students and teachers are participants.
This level produces insights.
Nature and characteristic of teaching:-
Teaching is a social and cultural process, which is planned in order to enable an individual to learn
something in his life. We can describe the nature and characteristics of teaching in following way:-
(1) Teaching is a complete social process
Teaching is undertaken for the society and by the society. With ever-changing social ideas, it is not
possible to describe exact and permanent nature of teaching.
(2) Teaching is giving information
Teaching tells students about the things they have to know and students cannot find out themselves.
Communication of knowledge is an essential part of teaching.
(3) teaching is an interactive process
Teaching is an interactive process between the student and the teaching sources, which is essential for
the guidance, progress, and development of students.
(4) Teaching is a process of development and learning.
(5) Teaching causes a change in behavior.
(6) Teaching is art as well as science.
(7) Teaching is face to face encounter.
(8) Teaching is observable, measurable and modifiable.
(9) Teaching is skilled occupation:- Every successful teacher is expected to know the general methods of
teaching-learning situations.
(10) Teaching facilitates learning
(11) Teaching is both conscious and an unconscious process.
(12) Teaching is from memory level to reflective level.
(13) Teaching is a continuum of training, conditioning, instruction, and indoctrination.
Teaching Aptitude notes by Sajna Fathima
Teaching Aptitude 1 by Sajna Fathima
Separation of teaching from other similar processes:-
In order to understand the meaning of teaching, it is essential to understand the difference between
teaching and other similar concepts like conditioning, training, instruction, and indoctrination. Here, a brief
description is given below:-
Conditioning Vs Teaching:-
Teaching
Teaching aims at the development of potential and intellect.
It has broader scope
Reinforcement is not necessary for teaching.
is In teaching repetition of the taught subject matter not necessary.
In teaching, there is a curriculum that is very comprehensive
In teaching qualitative and quantitative techniques are used for evaluation.
Teaching is a broader process with various levels.
Conditioning
It aims at modification of behavior and learning habits.
Scope of conditioning is relatively narrow
Reinforcement plays a vital role here.
Conditioning is done by the repetition of behavior to be acquired.
In conditioning, curriculum is fixed
Evaluation in conditioning is done on the basis of the acquisition of a behavior or a habit.
Conditioning is considered as the lowest level of the entire process of teaching.
Teaching and training
Teaching
Teaching is mostly theoretically oriented
Teaching fills the mind.
Teaching provides new knowledge to the people
Teaching continues for a long time.
Teaching is the broader area.
Teaching does not follow very rigid approach
Teaching usually refers to classroom learning
Training
Training is practical orient
training shapes habits.
Training helps already knowledgeable people to learn tools and techniques to apply them.
Training is for few days or a few months.
Training is for specific areas.
Training follows rigid and systematic approach
Training refers to workshops, seminars, role-plays, simulations etc.
Training is a specific programme of skill development. It is a planned and systematic sequence of
instruction under a competent trainer. It is a time-bound process.
Teaching Aptitude notes by Sajna Fathima
Teaching Aptitude 1 by Sajna Fathima
Teaching and instruction
Instruction is the act of telling the learner what to do or what not do.
Teaching
Scope is wide
It is both formal and informal
teaching is a continuum for modification of behavior
Teaching means the development of potential
of an individual
Range of methods used in teaching is very wide
Teaching is imparted in school, library, political group etc.
Instruction
Its scope is narrow and limited
Instruction is always formal
Instruction is a part of teaching
Instruction means to impart knowledge of specific subjects
Instruction is generally confined to the classroom
Teaching and Indoctrination
Indoctrination is the process of forming certain beliefs. Some ideas are infused in the mind of the learner
from the beginning. These ideas are continuously put in the minds of the learners and thus such ideas
become their firm believes.
Teaching
The scope is broad.
Aims at the development of the potential of the learner.
Teaching points out that there are different solutions, often to the Same problem
It provides freedom to the child to learn.
Discipline is democratic and social discipline is emphasized
Indoctrination
Scope is very narrow
It aims at changing some belief and attitudes.
Indoctrination poses the belief that there is only one solution to problem
There is no freedom to the child.
Discipline is very rigid.
Teaching Aptitude notes by Sajna Fathima
