Graphical User Interfaces

JavaFX GUI Basics, Event Programming

and GUI UI Controls
CSE260, Computer Science B: Honors
Stony Brook University
http://www.cs.stonybrook.edu/~cse260
 GUI Examples

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(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 GUI
 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
 provides user-friendly human interaction
 Building Java GUIs require use of frameworks:
 AWT
 Swing
 JavaFX (part of Java since JSE 8, 2014) includes:
 GUI components
 Event Programming
 Graphics

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 How do GUIs work?
• They loop and respond to events

Construct GUI Components

Render GUI

Check to see if any input

Respond to user input

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 Example: a mouse click on a button
 Operating System recognizes mouse click
 determines which window it was inside
 notifies that program
 Program runs in loop
 checks input buffer filled by OS
 if it finds a mouse click:
 determines which component in the program
 if the click was on a relevant component
 respond appropriately according to handler
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 GUI Look vs. Behavior
 Look
physical appearance
custom component design
containment
layout management
 Behavior
interactivity
event programmed response
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 What does a GUI framework do for you?
 Provides ready made visible, interactive,
customizable components
 you wouldn’t want to have to code your own
window

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 JavaFX vs Swing and AWT
 Swing and AWT are replaced by the JavaFX platform for
developing rich Internet applications in JDK8 (2014)
 History:
 When Java was introduced (1996), the GUI classes were bundled in a
library known as the Abstract Windows Toolkit (AWT)
 AWT was prone to platform-specific bugs
 AWT was fine for developing simple graphical user interfaces, but not for
developing comprehensive GUI projects
 The AWT user-interface components were replaced by a more robust,
versatile, and flexible library known as Swing components (1997)
 Swing components are painted directly on canvases using Java code
 Swing components depend less on the target platform and use less of the native
GUI resource
 With the release of Java 8, Swing is replaced by a
completely new GUI platform: JavaFX
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(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Basic Structure of JavaFX
Stage
Scene

Button

 javafx.application.Application is
the entry point for JavaFX applications
 JavaFX creates an application thread for running the
application start method, processing input events,
and running animation timelines.
 Override the start(Stage) method!
 javafx.stage.Stage is the top level JavaFX
container.
 The primary Stage is constructed by the platform.
 javafx.scene.Scene class is the container
for all content in a scene graph.
 javafx.scene.Node is the base class for
9 scene graph nodes.
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class MyFirstJavaFX extends Application {

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a button and place it in the scene
Button btOK = new Button("OK");
Scene scene = new Scene(btOK, 200, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("MyJavaFX"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

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// Multiple stages can be added beside the primaryStage
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class MultipleStageDemo extends Application {

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a scene and place a button in the scene
Scene scene = new Scene(new Button("OK"), 200, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("MyJavaFX"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
Stage stage = new Stage(); // Create a new stage
stage.setTitle("Second Stage"); // Set the stage title
// Set a scene with a button in the stage
stage.setScene(new Scene(new Button("New Stage"), 100, 100));
stage.show(); // Display the stage
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}
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 Panes, UI Controls, and Shapes

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class ButtonInPane extends Application {

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a scene and place a button in the scene
StackPane pane = new StackPane();
pane.getChildren().add(new Button("OK"));
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 50);
primaryStage.setTitle("Button in a pane"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 Display a Shape

 Programming Coordinate Systems start from the left-upper

corner

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene; Circle in a Pane
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

public class ShowCircle extends Application {

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a circle and set its properties
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.setCenterX(100);
circle.setCenterY(100);
circle.setRadius(50);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
circle.setFill(null);
// Create a pane to hold the circle
Pane pane = new Pane();
pane.getChildren().add(circle);
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowCircle"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}15
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Binding Properties
 JavaFX introduces a new concept called binding property
that enables a target object to be bound to a source object.
 If the value in the source object changes, the target property is
also changed automatically.
 The target object is simply called a binding object or a binding
property.
 Resizing the window in the previous example would cover
the object:

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

public class ShowCircleCentered extends Application {

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a pane to hold the circle
Pane pane = new Pane();
// Create a circle and set its properties
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.centerXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().divide(2));
circle.centerYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().divide(2));
circle.setRadius(50);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
pane.getChildren().add(circle); // Add circle to the pane
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowCircleCentered"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
17 }
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 JavaFX Beans and Binding
• Changes made to one object will automatically be reflected in another object
• A graphical user interface automatically keeps its display synchronized
with the application's underlying data: a binding observes its list of
dependencies for changes, and then updates itself automatically after a
change has been detected.
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;

public class BindingDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
DoubleProperty d1 = new SimpleDoubleProperty(1);
DoubleProperty d2 = new SimpleDoubleProperty(2); Output:
d1.bind(d2); d1 is 2.0 and d2 is 2.0
System.out.println("d1 is " + d1.getValue()
+ " and d2 is " + d2.getValue());

d2.setValue(70.2); d1 is 70.2 and d2 is 70.2

System.out.println("d1 is " + d1.getValue()
+ " and d2 is " + d2.getValue());
}
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}
 JavaFX CSS style and Node rotation
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
public class NodeStyleRotateDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
StackPane pane = new StackPane();
Button btOK = new Button("OK");
btOK.setStyle("-fx-border-color: blue;");
pane.getChildren().add(btOK);
pane.setRotate(45);
pane.setStyle("-fx-border-color: red; -fx-background-color: lightgray;");
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("NodeStyleRotateDemo"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

/**
* The main method is only needed for the IDE with limited
* JavaFX support. Not needed for running from the command line.
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
19 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 JavaFX CSS style and Node rotation
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class NodeStyleRotateDemo extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
StackPane pane = new StackPane();

/* The StackPane layout pane places all of the nodes within

a single stack with each new node added on top of the
previous node. This layout model provides an easy way to
overlay text on a shape or image and to overlap common
shapes to create a complex shape. */

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 JavaFX External CSS style file
// Example to load and use a CSS style file in a scene
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;

public class ExternalCSSFile extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
try {
BorderPane root = new BorderPane();
Scene scene = new Scene(root,400,400);
scene.getStylesheets().add(getClass()
.getResource("application.css").toExternalForm());
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
} catch(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
21 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Helper classes: The Color Class

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 Helper classes: The Font Class

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The Image and ImageView Classes

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;

public class ShowImage extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a pane to hold the image views
Pane pane = new HBox(10);
pane.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
Image image = new Image("paul.jpg");
pane.getChildren().add(new ImageView(image));
ImageView imageView2 = new ImageView(image);
imageView2.setFitHeight(100);
imageView2.setFitWidth(100);
imageView2.setRotate(90);
pane.getChildren().add(imageView2);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowImage");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
25 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 Layout Panes
 JavaFX provides many types of panes for organizing
nodes in a container.

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 FlowPane

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
public class ShowFlowPane extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
FlowPane pane = new FlowPane();
pane.setPadding(new Insets(11, 12, 13, 14));
pane.setHgap(5);
pane.setVgap(5);
// Place nodes in the pane
pane.getChildren().addAll(new Label("First Name:"),
new TextField(), new Label("MI:"));
TextField tfMi = new TextField();
tfMi.setPrefColumnCount(1);
pane.getChildren().addAll(tfMi, new Label("Last Name:"),
new TextField());
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 210, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowFlowPane");
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
28 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 GridPane

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.control.*;
import javafx.geometry.*;
public class ShowGridPane extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create a pane and set its properties
GridPane pane = new GridPane();
pane.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
pane.setHgap(5.5);
pane.setVgap(5.5);
// Place nodes in the pane at positions column,row
pane.add(new Label("First Name:"), 0, 0);
pane.add(new TextField(), 1, 0);
pane.add(new Label("MI:"), 0, 1);
pane.add(new TextField(), 1, 1);
pane.add(new Label("Last Name:"), 0, 2);
pane.add(new TextField(), 1, 2);
Button btAdd = new Button("Add Name");
pane.add(btAdd, 1, 3);
GridPane.setHalignment(btAdd, HPos.RIGHT);
// Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setTitle("ShowGridPane");
primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show(); }
public static void main(String[] args) {
30 launch(args);
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}}
BorderPane

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
public class ShowBorderPane extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setTop(new CustomPane("Top"));
pane.setRight(new CustomPane("Right"));
pane.setBottom(new CustomPane("Bottom"));
pane.setLeft(new CustomPane("Left"));
pane.setCenter(new CustomPane("Center"));
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
class CustomPane extends StackPane {
public CustomPane(String title) {
getChildren().add(new Label(title));
setStyle("-fx-border-color: red");
setPadding(new Insets(11.5, 12.5, 13.5, 14.5));
}
32 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
Hbox and VBox

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
public class ShowHBoxVBox extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
HBox hBox = new HBox(15);
hBox.setStyle("-fx-background-color: gold");
hBox.getChildren().add(new Button("Computer Science"));
hBox.getChildren().add(new Button("CEWIT"));
ImageView imageView = new ImageView(new Image("cs14.jpg"));
hBox.getChildren().add(imageView);
pane.setTop(hBox);
VBox vBox = new VBox(15);
vBox.getChildren().add(new Label("Courses"));
Label[] courses = {new Label("CSE114"), new Label("CSE214"),
new Label("CSE219"), new Label("CSE308")};
for (Label course: courses) {
vBox.getChildren().add(course);
}
pane.setLeft(vBox);
34 Scene scene = new Scene(pane); primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show(); (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Shapes
JavaFX provides many shape classes for drawing texts,
lines, circles, rectangles, ellipses, arcs, polygons, and
polylines.

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 Text

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
import javafx.scene.text.FontPosture;
public class ShowText extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
pane.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
Text text1 = new Text(20, 20, "Programming is fun");
text1.setFont(Font.font("Courier", FontWeight.BOLD,
FontPosture.ITALIC, 15));
pane.getChildren().add(text1);
Text text2 = new Text(60, 60, "Programming is fun\nDisplay text");
pane.getChildren().add(text2);
Text text3 = new Text(10, 100, "Programming is fun\nDisplay text");
text3.setFill(Color.RED);
text3.setUnderline(true);
text3.setStrikethrough(true);
pane.getChildren().add(text3);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 600, 800);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
}
37 ...
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Line

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
public class ShowLine extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Line line1 = new Line(10, 10, 10, 10);
line1.endXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().subtract(10));
line1.endYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().subtract(10));
line1.setStrokeWidth(5);
line1.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
pane.getChildren().add(line1);
Line line2 = new Line(10, 10, 10, 10);
line2.startXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().subtract(10));
line2.endYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().subtract(10));
line2.setStrokeWidth(5);
line2.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
pane.getChildren().add(line2);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
39 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Rectangle

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import java.util.Collections;
public class ShowRectangle extends Application {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Rectangle r1 = new Rectangle(25, 10, 60, 30);
r1.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
r1.setFill(Color.WHITE);
pane.getChildren().add(new Text(10, 27, "r1"));
pane.getChildren().add(r1);
Rectangle r2 = new Rectangle(25, 50, 60, 30);
pane.getChildren().add(new Text(10, 67, "r2"));
pane.getChildren().add(r2);
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
Rectangle r = new Rectangle(100, 50, 100, 30);
r.setRotate(i * 360 / 8);
r.setStroke(Color.color(Math.random(), Math.random(),
Math.random()));
r.setFill(Color.WHITE);
pane.getChildren().add(r);
}
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 150);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
41 }
...// main (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Circle

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 Ellipse

radiusX radiusY
(centerX, centerY)

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 Arc radiusY length

startAngle

0 degree

radiusX
(centerX, centerY)

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 Polygon and Polyline

The getter and setter methods for property values and a getter for property
javafx.scene.shape.Polygon itself are provided in the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.

+Polygon() Creates an empty polygon.

+Polygon(double... points) Creates a polygon with the given points.
+getPoints(): Returns a list of double values as x- and y-coordinates of the points.
ObservableList<Double>

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 Event Programming
 Procedural programming is executed in
procedural/statement order
 In event-driven programming, code is executed
upon activation of events
 Operating Systems constantly monitor events
 Ex: keystrokes, mouse clicks, etc…
 The OS:
 sorts out these events
 reports them to the appropriate programs
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 Where do we come in?
 For each control (button, combo box, etc.):
define an event handler
construct an instance of event handler
tell the control who its event handler is
 Event Handler?
code with response to event
a.k.a. event listener

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 Java’s Event Handling
 An event source is a GUI control
 JavaFX: Button, ChoiceBox, ListView, etc.

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/user-interface-tutorial/ui_controls.htm
 different types of sources:
 can detect different types of events
 can register different types of listeners (handlers)
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 Java’s Event Handling
 When the user interacts with a control
(source):
 an event object is constructed
 the event object is sent to all registered listener
objects
 the listener object (handler) responds as you
defined it to

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 Event Listeners (Event Handler)
 Defined by you, the application programmer
you customize the response
How?
 Inheritance & Polymorphism
 You define your own listener class
implement the appropriate interface
define responses in all necessary methods

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 Event Objects
 Contain information about the event
 Like what?
 location of mouse click
 event source that was interacted with
 etc.
 Listeners use them to properly respond
 different methods inside a listener object can
react differently to different types of interactions
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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
public class HandleEvent extends Application {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox pane = new HBox(10);
Button btOK = new Button("OK");
Button btCancel = new Button("Cancel");
OKHandlerClass handler1 = new OKHandlerClass();
btOK.setOnAction(handler1);
CancelHandlerClass handler2 = new CancelHandlerClass();
btCancel.setOnAction(handler2);
pane.getChildren().addAll(btOK, btCancel);
Scene scene = new Scene(pane);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
}…/*main*/}
class OKHandlerClass implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
@Override
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("OK button clicked");
}}
class CancelHandlerClass implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
@Override
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
52 System.out.println("Cancel button clicked");
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}}
 Handling GUI Events
 Source object: button.
 An event is generated by external user actions such as mouse movements,
mouse clicks, or keystrokes.
 An event can be defined as a type of signal to the program that
something has happened.
 Listener object contains a method for processing the event.

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 Event Classes

54
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 Event Information
 An event object contains whatever properties are
pertinent to the event:
 the source object of the event using the
getSource() instance method in the
EventObject class.
 The subclasses of EventObject deal with
special types of events, such as button actions,
window events, component events, mouse
movements, and keystrokes.
55
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 Selected User Actions and Handlers

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 The Delegation Model

57
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ControlCircle program that uses two buttons to control the size of a circle
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color; ...
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
public class ControlCircle extends Application {
private CirclePane circlePane = new CirclePane();
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox hBox = new HBox();
Button btEnlarge = new Button("Enlarge");
Button btShrink = new Button("Shrink");
hBox.getChildren().add(btEnlarge);
hBox.getChildren().add(btShrink);
btEnlarge.setOnAction(new EnlargeHandler());
BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane();
borderPane.setCenter(circlePane);
borderPane.setBottom(hBox);
BorderPane.setAlignment(hBox, Pos.CENTER);
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane, 200, 150);
58 primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
ControlCircle program that uses two buttons to control the size of a circle
// Inner Class
class EnlargeHandler
implements EventHandler<ActionEvent> {
@Override
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
circlePane.enlarge();
}
}
}
class CirclePane extends StackPane {
private Circle circle = new Circle(50);
public CirclePane() {
getChildren().add(circle);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
}
public void enlarge() {
circle.setRadius(circle.getRadius() + 2);
}
public void shrink() {
circle.setRadius(circle.getRadius() > 2
? circle.getRadius() - 2 : circle.getRadius());
59
}
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 Inner Class Listeners
 A listener class is designed specifically to
create a listener object for a GUI component
(e.g., a button).
Any object instance of the inner handler class
has access to all GUI fields of the outer class.
It will not be shared by other applications.

60
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 Inner Classes
public class OuterClass {  The InnerClass is a
private int data = 0; member of OuterClass
OuterClass(){
InnerClass y = new InnerClass();  An inner class can
y.m2(); reference the data and
}
public void m1() {
methods defined in the
data++; outer class in which it
} nests, so you do not need
public static void main(String[] args) {
OuterClass x = new OuterClass(); to pass the reference of the
System.out.println(x.data); outer class to the
}
class InnerClass {
constructor of the inner
public void m2() { class.
/* Directly reference data and  An inner class is compiled
method defined in outer class */
data++; into a class named
m1(); OuterClass$InnerClass.class
}
61 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 Inner Classes
 An inner class can be declared public,
protected, or private subject to the same
visibility rules applied to a member of the class.
 An inner class can be declared static:
 The static inner class can be accessed using the
outer class name,
 However, a static inner class cannot access
nonstatic members of the outer class.

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 Anonymous Inner Classes
 Inner class listeners can be shortened using anonymous
inner classes: inner classes without a name.
 It combines declaring an inner class and creating an instance of
the class in one step.
 An anonymous inner class is declared as follows:

new SuperClassName/InterfaceName() {
// Implement or override methods in superclass/interface
// Other methods if necessary
}

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 Anonymous Inner Classes
 An anonymous inner class must always extend a superclass or
implement an interface, but it cannot have an explicit extends or
implements clause.
 An anonymous inner class must implement all the abstract methods in
the superclass or in the interface.
 An anonymous inner class always uses the no-arg constructor from its
superclass to create an instance.
 If an anonymous inner class implements an interface, the constructor
is Object().
 An anonymous inner class is compiled into a class named
OuterClassName$n.class, where n is the count of inner
classes.
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 Anonymous Inner Classes

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
public class AnonymousHandlerDemo extends Application {
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox hBox = new HBox();
Button btNew = new Button("New");
Button btOpen = new Button("Open"); //btSave, btPrint btns.
hBox.getChildren().addAll(btNew, btOpen);
// Create and register the handler
btNew.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override // Override the handle method
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Process New");
}
});
btOpen.setOnAction(new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() {
@Override // Override the handle method
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
System.out.println("Process Open");
66 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
});
 Scene scene = new Scene(hBox, 300, 50);
primaryStage.setTitle("AnonymousHandlerDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

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 Simplifying Event Handing Using
Lambda Expressions
 Lambda expression is a new feature in Java 8.
 Predefined functions for the type of the input.
 Lambda expressions can be viewed as an anonymous method
with a concise syntax.

btEnlarge.setOnAction( btEnlarge.setOnAction(e -> {

new EventHandler<ActionEvent>() { // Code for processing event e
@Override });
public void handle(ActionEvent e) {
// Code for processing event e
}
}
});

(a) Anonymous inner class event handler (b) Lambda expression event handler

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
public class LambdaHandlerDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Hold two buttons in an HBox
HBox hBox = new HBox();
hBox.setSpacing(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
Button btNew = new Button("New");
Button btOpen = new Button("Open");
Button btSave = new Button("Save");
Button btPrint = new Button("Print");
hBox.getChildren().addAll(btNew, btOpen, btSave, btPrint);
btNew.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process New");});
btOpen.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process Open");});
btSave.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process Save");});
btPrint.setOnAction(e -> {System.out.println("Process Print");});
Scene scene = new Scene(hBox, 300, 50);
primaryStage.setScene(scene); Output:
primaryStage.show(); Process New
} Process Open
public static void main(String[] args) {
69 launch(args); }} Process Save
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
Process Print
Basic Syntax for a Lambda Expression
 The basic syntax for a lambda expression is either:
(type1 param1, type2 param2, ...) -> expression

or
(type1 param1, type2 param2, ...) -> { statements; }

 The data type for a parameter may be explicitly

declared or implicitly inferred by the compiler.
 The parentheses can be omitted if there is only one
parameter without an explicit data type.

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Single Abstract Method Interface (SAM)
 The statements in the lambda expression is all for
that method.
If it contains multiple methods, the compiler will
not be able to compile the lambda expression.
So, for the compiler to understand lambda
expressions, the interface must contain exactly
one abstract method.
Such an interface is known as a functional interface,
or a Single Abstract Method (SAM) interface.
71
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 Loan Calculator
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.GridPane;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.geometry.HPos;
public class LoanCalculator extends Application {
private TextField tfAnnualInterestRate = new TextField();
private TextField tfNumberOfYears = new TextField();
private TextField tfLoanAmount = new TextField();
private TextField tfMonthlyPayment = new TextField();
private TextField tfTotalPayment = new TextField();
private Button btCalculate = new Button("Calculate");
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Create UI
GridPane gridPane = new GridPane();
gridPane.setHgap(5);
gridPane.setVgap(5);
gridPane.add(new Label("Annual Interest Rate:"), 0, 0);
gridPane.add(tfAnnualInterestRate, 1, 0);
gridPane.add(new Label("Number of Years:"), 0, 1);
gridPane.add(tfNumberOfYears, 1, 1);
gridPane.add(new Label("Loan Amount:"), 0, 2);
gridPane.add(tfLoanAmount, 1, 2);
gridPane.add(new Label("Monthly Payment:"), 0, 3);
gridPane.add(tfMonthlyPayment, 1, 3);
gridPane.add(new Label("Total Payment:"), 0, 4);
72 gridPane.add(tfTotalPayment, 1, 4);
gridPane.add(btCalculate, 1, (c)5);
Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 btCalculate.setOnAction(e -> calculateLoanPayment());
Scene scene = new Scene(gridPane, 400, 250);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private void calculateLoanPayment() {
// Get values from text fields
double interest = Double.parseDouble(tfAnnualInterestRate.getText());
int year = Integer.parseInt(tfNumberOfYears.getText());
double loanAmount = Double.parseDouble(tfLoanAmount.getText());
// Create a loan object
Loan loan = new Loan(interest, year, loanAmount);
// Display monthly payment and total payment
tfMonthlyPayment.setText(String.format("$%.2f", loan.getMonthlyPayment()));
tfTotalPayment.setText(String.format("$%.2f", loan.getTotalPayment()));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}
class Loan implements java.io.Serializable {
private double annualInterestRate;
private int numberOfYears;
private double loanAmount;
private java.util.Date loanDate;
public Loan(double annualInterestRate, int numberOfYears, double loanAmount) {
this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
this.numberOfYears = numberOfYears;
this.loanAmount = loanAmount;
loanDate = new java.util.Date();
}
public double getAnnualInterestRate() {
return annualInterestRate;
}
public void setAnnualInterestRate(double annualInterestRate) {
73 this.annualInterestRate = annualInterestRate;
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 public int getNumberOfYears() {
return numberOfYears;
}
public void setNumberOfYears(int numberOfYears) {
this.numberOfYears = numberOfYears;
}
public double getLoanAmount() {
return loanAmount;
}
public void setLoanAmount(double loanAmount) {
this.loanAmount = loanAmount;
}
public double getMonthlyPayment() {
double monthlyInterestRate = annualInterestRate / 1200;
double monthlyPayment = loanAmount * monthlyInterestRate / (1
- (Math.pow(1 / (1 + monthlyInterestRate), numberOfYears * 12)));
return monthlyPayment;
}
public double getTotalPayment() {
double totalPayment = getMonthlyPayment() * numberOfYears * 12;
return totalPayment;
}
public java.util.Date getLoanDate() {
return loanDate;
}
}

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 MouseEvent

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// Move the text with the mouse clicked
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
public class MouseEventDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Text text = new Text(20, 20, "Programming is fun");
pane.getChildren().add(text);
text.setOnMouseDragged(e -> {
text.setX(e.getX());
text.setY(e.getY());
});
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 300, 100);
primaryStage.setTitle("MouseEventDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
76 } (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 The KeyEvent Class

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
public class KeyEventDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Text text = new Text(20, 20, "A");
text.setFocusTraversable(true);
pane.getChildren().add(text);
text.setOnKeyPressed(e -> {
switch (e.getCode()) {
case DOWN: text.setY(text.getY() + 10); break;
case UP: text.setY(text.getY() - 10); break;
case LEFT: text.setX(text.getX() - 10); break;
case RIGHT: text.setX(text.getX() + 10); break;
default:
if (Character.isLetterOrDigit(e.getText().charAt(0)))
text.setText(e.getText());
}
});
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("KeyEventDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
78
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 The KeyCode Constants

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import
Control Circle with Mouse and Key
javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseButton;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

public class ControlCircleWithMouseAndKey extends Application {

private CirclePane circlePane = new CirclePane();

@Override // Override the start method in the Application class

public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
// Hold two buttons in an HBox
HBox hBox = new HBox();
hBox.setSpacing(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
Button btEnlarge = new Button("Enlarge");
Button btShrink = new Button("Shrink");
hBox.getChildren().add(btEnlarge);
hBox.getChildren().add(btShrink);

// Create and register the handler

btEnlarge.setOnAction(e -> circlePane.enlarge());
btShrink.setOnAction(e -> circlePane.shrink());

BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane();

borderPane.setCenter(circlePane);
borderPane.setBottom(hBox);
BorderPane.setAlignment(hBox, Pos.CENTER);
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 // Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane, 200, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("ControlCircle"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage

circlePane.setOnMouseClicked(e -> {
if (e.getButton() == MouseButton.PRIMARY) {
circlePane.enlarge();
}
else if (e.getButton() == MouseButton.SECONDARY) {
circlePane.shrink();
}
});

scene.setOnKeyPressed(e -> {
if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.UP) {
circlePane.enlarge();
}
else if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.DOWN) {
circlePane.shrink();
}
});
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}
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Listeners for Observable Objects
 You can add a listener to process a value change in an observable
object: an instance of javafx.beans.Observable
 Every binding property is an instance of Observable.
 Observable contains the
addListener(InvalidationListener
listener) method for adding a listener.
 Once the value is changed in the property, a listener is notified.
 The listener class should implement the
InvalidationListener interface, which uses the
invalidated(Observable o) method to handle the
property value change.

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Listeners for Observable Objects
import javafx.beans.InvalidationListener;
import javafx.beans.Observable;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.property.SimpleDoubleProperty;
public class ObservablePropertyDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
DoubleProperty balance = new SimpleDoubleProperty();
balance.addListener(new InvalidationListener() {
public void invalidated(Observable ov) {
System.out.println("The new value is " +
balance.doubleValue());
}
});
balance.set(4.5);
}
}
Output:
83
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The new value is 4.5
Animation
 JavaFX provides the Animation class with the core
functionality for all animations:

84
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PathTransition

85
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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.animation.PathTransition;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class PathTransitionDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle(0, 0, 25, 50);
rectangle.setFill(Color.ORANGE);
Circle circle = new Circle(125, 100, 50);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
pane.getChildren().addAll(circle,rectangle);
// Create a path transition
PathTransition pt = new PathTransition();
pt.setDuration(Duration.millis(4000));
pt.setPath(circle);
86 pt.setNode(rectangle);
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 pt.setOrientation(
PathTransition.OrientationType.
ORTHOGONAL_TO_TANGENT);
pt.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
pt.setAutoReverse(true);
pt.play(); // Start animation
circle.setOnMousePressed(e -> pt.pause());
circle.setOnMouseReleased(e -> pt.play());
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("PathTransitionDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void
main(String[] args){
launch(args);
}
87
} (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.animation.PathTransition;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class FlagRisingAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
ImageView imageView = new ImageView("us.jpg");
pane.getChildren().add(imageView);
PathTransition pt = new PathTransition(
Duration.millis(10000),
new Line(100, 200, 100, 0),
imageView);
pt.setCycleCount(5);
pt.play(); // Start animation
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 200);
88 primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show();
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 FadeTransition
The FadeTransition class animates the change of the
opacity in a node over a given time:

89
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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Ellipse;
import javafx.animation.FadeTransition;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class FadeTransitionDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Pane pane = new Pane();
Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse(10, 10, 100, 50);
ellipse.setFill(Color.RED);
ellipse.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
ellipse.centerXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().divide(2));
ellipse.centerYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().divide(2));
ellipse.radiusXProperty().bind(pane.widthProperty().multiply(0.4));
ellipse.radiusYProperty().bind(pane.heightProperty().multiply(0.4));
pane.getChildren().add(ellipse);
// Apply a fade transition to ellipse
FadeTransition ft = new FadeTransition(Duration.millis(3000), ellipse);
ft.setFromValue(1.0);
ft.setToValue(0.1);
ft.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
ft.setAutoReverse(true);
ft.play(); // Start animation
// Control animation
90 ellipse.setOnMousePressed(e -> ft.pause());
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
ellipse.setOnMouseReleased(e -> ft.play());
 // Create a scene and place it in the stage
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 200, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("FadeTransitionDemo"); // Set the stage title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the stage
primaryStage.show(); // Display the stage
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 Timeline
 PathTransition and FadeTransition
define specialized animations.
 The javafx.animation.Timeline class
can be used to program any animation using one
or more javafx.animation.KeyFrames
 KeyFrame defines target values at a specified point
in time for a set of variables that are interpolated along
a Timeline.
 Each KeyFrame is executed sequentially at a specified
time interval.
 Timeline inherits from Animation.
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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.animation.Animation;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class TimelineDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
StackPane pane = new StackPane();
Text text = new Text(20, 50, "Programming if fun");
text.setFill(Color.RED);
pane.getChildren().add(text);
// Create a handler for changing text
EventHandler<ActionEvent> eH = e -> {
if (text.getText().length() != 0) {
text.setText("");
} else {
text.setText("Programming is fun");
}
};
Timeline animation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(500), eH));
animation.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
// Start animation
93
animation.play(); (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 // Pause and resume animation
text.setOnMouseClicked(e -> {
if (animation.getStatus() ==
Animation.Status.PAUSED) {
animation.play();
} else {
animation.pause();
}
});
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 250, 50);
primaryStage.setTitle("TimelineDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame; Clock Animation
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class ClockAnimation extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ClockPane clock = new ClockPane(); // Create a clock
// Create a handler for animation
EventHandler<ActionEvent> eventHandler = e -> {
clock.setCurrentTime(); // Set a new clock time
};
// Create an animation for a running clock
Timeline animation = new Timeline(
new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(1000), eventHandler));
animation.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
animation.play(); // Start animation
Scene scene = new Scene(clock, 250, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("ClockAnimation");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
95
}
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 // ClockPane:
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
public class ClockPane extends Pane {
private int hour;
private int minute;
private int second;
// Clock pane's width and height
private double w = 250, h = 250;
public ClockPane() {
setCurrentTime();
}
public ClockPane(int hour, int minute, int second) {
this.hour = hour;
this.minute = minute;
this.second = second;
paintClock();
}
public int getHour() {
return hour;
}
public void setHour(int hour) {
this.hour = hour;
paintClock();
96 }
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
}
 public int getMinute() {
return minute;
}
public void setMinute(int minute) {
this.minute = minute;
paintClock();
}
public int getSecond() {
return second;
}
public void setSecond(int second) {
this.second = second;
paintClock();
}
public double getW() {
return w;
}
public void setW(double w) {
this.w = w;
paintClock();
}
public double getH() {
return h;
}
public void setH(double h) {
this.h = h;
paintClock();
}
public void setCurrentTime() {
Calendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar();
this.hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
this.minute = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
this.second = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);
paintClock(); // Repaint the clock
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 private void paintClock() {
// Initialize clock parameters
double clockRadius = Math.min(w, h) * 0.8 * 0.5;
double centerX = w / 2;
double centerY = h / 2;
// Draw circle
Circle circle = new Circle(centerX, centerY, clockRadius);
circle.setFill(Color.WHITE);
circle.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
Text t1 = new Text(centerX - 5, centerY - clockRadius + 12, "12");
Text t2 = new Text(centerX - clockRadius + 3, centerY + 5, "9");
Text t3 = new Text(centerX + clockRadius - 10, centerY + 3, "3");
Text t4 = new Text(centerX - 3, centerY + clockRadius - 3, "6");
// Draw second hand
double sLength = clockRadius * 0.8;
double secondX = centerX + sLength * Math.sin(second * (2 * Math.PI / 60));
double secondY = centerY - sLength * Math.cos(second * (2 * Math.PI / 60));
Line sLine = new Line(centerX, centerY, secondX, secondY);
sLine.setStroke(Color.RED);
// Draw minute hand
double mLength = clockRadius * 0.65;
double xMinute = centerX + mLength * Math.sin(minute * (2 * Math.PI / 60));
double minuteY = centerY - mLength * Math.cos(minute * (2 * Math.PI / 60));
Line mLine = new Line(centerX, centerY, xMinute, minuteY);
mLine.setStroke(Color.BLUE);
// Draw hour hand
double hLength = clockRadius * 0.5;
double hourX = centerX + hLength * Math.sin((hour % 12 + minute / 60.0) * (2 * Math.PI / 12));
double hourY = centerY - hLength * Math.cos((hour % 12 + minute / 60.0) * (2 * Math.PI / 12));
Line hLine = new Line(centerX, centerY, hourX, hourY);
hLine.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
getChildren().clear();
getChildren().addAll(circle, t1, t2, t3, t4, sLine, mLine, hLine);
}
}98
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 Bouncing Ball

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 import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.animation.KeyFrame;
import javafx.animation.Timeline;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class BallPane extends Pane {
public final double radius = 20;
private double x = radius, y = radius;
private double dx = 1, dy = 1;
private Circle circle = new Circle(x, y, radius);
private Timeline animation;
public BallPane() {
circle.setFill(Color.GREEN); // Set ball color
getChildren().add(circle); // Place a ball into this pane
// Create an animation for moving the ball
animation = new Timeline(new KeyFrame(Duration.millis(50), e -> moveBall()));
animation.setCycleCount(Timeline.INDEFINITE);
animation.play(); // Start animation
}
public void play() {
animation.play();
}
public void pause() {
animation.pause();
}
public void increaseSpeed() {
animation.setRate(animation.getRate() + 0.1);
}
public void decreaseSpeed() {
animation.setRate(
animation.getRate() > 0 ? animation.getRate() - 0.1 : 0);
}
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 public DoubleProperty rateProperty() {
return animation.rateProperty();
}

protected void moveBall() {

// Check boundaries
if (x < radius || x > getWidth() - radius) {
dx *= -1; // Change ball move direction
}
if (y < radius || y > getHeight() - radius) {
dy *= -1; // Change ball move direction
}

// Adjust ball position

x += dx;
y += dy;
circle.setCenterX(x);
circle.setCenterY(y);
}
}

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;
public class BounceBallControl extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
BallPane ballPane = new BallPane(); // Create a ball pane
// Pause and resume animation
ballPane.setOnMousePressed(e -> ballPane.pause());
ballPane.setOnMouseReleased(e -> ballPane.play());
// Increase and decrease animation
ballPane.setOnKeyPressed(e -> {
if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.UP) {
ballPane.increaseSpeed();
} else if (e.getCode() == KeyCode.DOWN) {
ballPane.decreaseSpeed();
}
});
Scene scene = new Scene(ballPane, 250, 150);
primaryStage.setTitle("BounceBallControl");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
// Must request focus after the primary stage is displayed
ballPane.requestFocus();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 JavaFX support for mobile devices
 JavaFX has event programming support for mobile devices:
javafx.scene.input.SwipeEvent,
javafx.scene.input.TouchEvent,
javafx.scene.input.ZoomEvent.

 Example:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/ev
ents-tutorial/gestureeventsjava.htm

http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/javafx/ev
ents-tutorial/toucheventsjava.htm

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 Control Nodes
 Input control nodes:

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 Labeled class
 A label is a display area for a short text, a node, or both
 It is often used to label other controls (usually text fields)
 Labels and buttons share many common properties: these common
properties are defined in the Labeled class

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 Label class

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.ContentDisplay;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Rectangle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Ellipse;
public class LabelWithGraphic extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ImageView us = new ImageView(new Image("us.jpg"));
Label lb1 = new Label("US\n50 States", us);
lb1.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green; -fx-border-width: 2");
lb1.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.BOTTOM);
lb1.setTextFill(Color.RED);
Label lb2 = new Label("Circle", new Circle(50, 50, 25));
lb2.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.TOP);
lb2.setTextFill(Color.ORANGE);
Label lb3 = new Label("Retangle", new Rectangle(10, 10, 50, 25));
lb3.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.RIGHT);
Label lb4 = new Label("Ellipse", new Ellipse(50, 50, 50, 25));
lb4.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.LEFT);
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 Ellipse ellipse = new Ellipse(50, 50, 50, 25);
ellipse.setStroke(Color.GREEN);
ellipse.setFill(Color.WHITE);
StackPane stackPane = new StackPane();
stackPane.getChildren().addAll(ellipse, new Label("JavaFX"));
Label lb5 = new Label("A pane inside a label", stackPane);
lb5.setContentDisplay(ContentDisplay.BOTTOM);

HBox pane = new HBox(20);

pane.getChildren().addAll(lb1, lb2, lb3, lb4, lb5);

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 700, 150);

primaryStage.setTitle("LabelWithGraphic");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 ButtonBase and Button
 A button is a control that triggers an action event when clicked.
 JavaFX provides regular buttons, toggle buttons, check box buttons,
and radio buttons.
 The common features of these buttons are defined in ButtonBase
and Labeled classes.

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;

public class ButtonDemo extends Application {

@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Scene scene = new Scene(getPane(), 450, 200);
primaryStage.setTitle("ButtonDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
protected Text text = new Text(50, 50, "JavaFX Programming");
protected BorderPane getPane() {
HBox paneForButtons = new HBox(20);
Button btLeft = new Button("Left", new ImageView("image/left.gif"));
Button btRight = new Button("Right", new ImageView("image/right.gif"));
paneForButtons.getChildren().addAll(btLeft, btRight);
paneForButtons.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
paneForButtons.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setBottom(paneForButtons);
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 Pane paneForText = new Pane();
paneForText.getChildren().add(text);
pane.setCenter(paneForText);

btLeft.setOnAction(e -> text.setX(text.getX() - 10));

btRight.setOnAction(e -> text.setX(text.getX() + 10));

return pane;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 CheckBox
 A CheckBox is used for the user to make a selection (square box).
 CheckBox inherits all the properties from ButtonBase and Labeled:
onAction, text, graphic, alignment, graphicTextGap, textFill,
contentDisplay.

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import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.control.CheckBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontPosture;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;

public class CheckBoxDemo extends ButtonDemo {

@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();

Font fontBoldItalic = Font.font("Times New Roman",

FontWeight.BOLD, FontPosture.ITALIC, 20);
Font fontBold = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.BOLD, FontPosture.REGULAR, 20);
Font fontItalic = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.NORMAL, FontPosture.ITALIC, 20);
Font fontNormal = Font.font("Times New Roman",
FontWeight.NORMAL, FontPosture.REGULAR, 20);

text.setFont(fontNormal);

VBox paneForCheckBoxes = new VBox(20);

paneForCheckBoxes.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForCheckBoxes.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
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 CheckBox chkBold = new CheckBox("Bold");
CheckBox chkItalic = new CheckBox("Italic");
paneForCheckBoxes.getChildren().addAll(chkBold, chkItalic);
pane.setRight(paneForCheckBoxes);

EventHandler<ActionEvent> handler = e -> {

if (chkBold.isSelected() && chkItalic.isSelected()) {
text.setFont(fontBoldItalic); // Both check boxes checked
} else if (chkBold.isSelected()) {
text.setFont(fontBold); // The Bold check box checked
} else if (chkItalic.isSelected()) {
text.setFont(fontItalic); // The Italic check box checked
} else {
text.setFont(fontNormal); // Both check boxes unchecked
}
};

chkBold.setOnAction(handler);
chkItalic.setOnAction(handler);

return pane; // Return a new pane

}

// the start method is inherited from the superclass ButtonDemo

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}
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 RadioButton
 Radio buttons allow to choose a single item from a group of choices.
 Radio buttons display a circle that is either filled (if selected) or blank (if
not selected).

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import static javafx.application.Application.launch;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;
import javafx.scene.control.ToggleGroup;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

public class RadioButtonDemo extends CheckBoxDemo {

@Override // Override the getPane() method in the super class
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();
VBox paneForRadioButtons = new VBox(20);
paneForRadioButtons.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForRadioButtons.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
RadioButton rbRed = new RadioButton("Red");
RadioButton rbGreen = new RadioButton("Green");
RadioButton rbBlue = new RadioButton("Blue");
paneForRadioButtons.getChildren().addAll(rbRed, rbGreen, rbBlue);
pane.setLeft(paneForRadioButtons);
ToggleGroup group = new ToggleGroup();
rbRed.setToggleGroup(group);
rbGreen.setToggleGroup(group);
rbBlue.setToggleGroup(group);

rbRed.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbRed.isSelected()) {
text.setFill(Color.RED);
}
116 }); (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 rbGreen.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbGreen.isSelected()) {
text.setFill(Color.GREEN);
}
});

rbBlue.setOnAction(e -> {
if (rbBlue.isSelected()) {
text.setFill(Color.BLUE);
}
});

return pane;
}

// the start method is inherited from the superclass ButtonDemo

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 TextField
 A text field can be used to enter or display a string. TextField is a
subclass of TextInputControl.

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import static javafx.application.Application.launch;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
public class TextFieldDemo extends RadioButtonDemo{
@Override
protected BorderPane getPane() {
BorderPane pane = super.getPane();

BorderPane paneForTextField = new BorderPane();

paneForTextField.setPadding(new Insets(5, 5, 5, 5));
paneForTextField.setStyle("-fx-border-color: green");
paneForTextField.setLeft(new Label("Enter a new message: "));

TextField tf = new TextField();

tf.setAlignment(Pos.BOTTOM_RIGHT);
paneForTextField.setCenter(tf);
pane.setTop(paneForTextField);

tf.setOnAction(e -> text.setText(tf.getText()));

return pane;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
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 TextArea
 A TextArea enables the user to enter multiple lines of text.

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 ComboBox
 A combo box, also known as a choice list or drop-down list, contains
a list of items from which the user can choose.

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 ListView
 A list view is a component that performs basically the same
function as a combo box, but it enables the user to choose a
single value or multiple values.

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.ListView;
import javafx.scene.control.ScrollPane;
import javafx.scene.control.SelectionMode;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane;
import javafx.collections.FXCollections;

public class ListViewDemo extends Application {

// Declare an array of Strings for flag titles
private String[] flagTitles = {"United States of America", "Canada", "China",
"Denmark", "France", "Germany", "India"};
// Declare an ImageView array for the national flags
private ImageView[] ImageViews = {
new ImageView("image/us.gif"),
new ImageView("image/ca.gif"),
new ImageView("image/china.gif"),
new ImageView("image/denmark.gif"),
new ImageView("image/fr.gif"),
new ImageView("image/germany.gif"),
new ImageView("image/india.gif")
};
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ListView<String> lv = new ListView<>(FXCollections
.observableArrayList(flagTitles));
123 lv.setPrefSize(400, 400);
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 lv.getSelectionModel().setSelectionMode(SelectionMode.MULTIPLE);

// Create a pane to hold image views

FlowPane imagePane = new FlowPane(10, 10);
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setLeft(new ScrollPane(lv));
pane.setCenter(imagePane);

lv.getSelectionModel().selectedItemProperty().addListener(
ov -> {
imagePane.getChildren().clear();
for (Integer i: lv.getSelectionModel().getSelectedIndices()) {
imagePane.getChildren().add(ImageViews[i]);
}
});

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 450, 170);

primaryStage.setTitle("ListViewDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 ScrollBar
 A scroll bar is a control that enables the user
to select from a range of values. The
scrollbar appears in two styles: horizontal
and vertical.

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 Slider
 Slider is similar to ScrollBar, but Slider
has more properties and can appear in
many forms.

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 Media
 The Media class is used to obtain the source of a media type.
 The MediaPlayer class is used to play and control the media.
 The MediaView class is used to display video.

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 MediaPlayer
 The MediaPlayer class plays and controls media with properties:
autoPlay, currentCount, cycleCount, mute, volume, and
totalDuration.

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 MediaView
 The MediaView class is a subclass of Node that provides a view of the
Media being played by a MediaPlayer.
 The MediaView class provides the properties for viewing the media.

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 Example: Using Media
 This example displays a video in a view: use the play/pause button to
play or pause the video and use the rewind button to restart the video,
and use the slider to control the volume of the audio.

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.Slider;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Region;
import javafx.scene.media.Media;
import javafx.scene.media.MediaPlayer;
import javafx.scene.media.MediaView;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.util.Duration;
public class MediaDemo extends Application {
private static final String MEDIA_URL = "sample.mp4";
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
Media media = new Media(MEDIA_URL);
MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(media);
MediaView mediaView = new MediaView(mediaPlayer);
Button playButton = new Button(">");
playButton.setOnAction(e -> {
if (playButton.getText().equals(">")) {
mediaPlayer.play();
playButton.setText("||");
} else {
mediaPlayer.pause();
playButton.setText(">");
131 } (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
});
 Button rewindButton = new Button("<<");
rewindButton.setOnAction(e -> mediaPlayer.seek(Duration.ZERO));
Slider slVolume = new Slider();
slVolume.setPrefWidth(150);
slVolume.setMaxWidth(Region.USE_PREF_SIZE);
slVolume.setMinWidth(30);
slVolume.setValue(50);
mediaPlayer.volumeProperty().bind(slVolume.valueProperty().divide(100));
HBox hBox = new HBox(10);
hBox.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);
hBox.getChildren().addAll(playButton, rewindButton,
new Label("Volume"), slVolume);
BorderPane pane = new BorderPane();
pane.setCenter(mediaView);
pane.setBottom(hBox);

Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 650, 500);

primaryStage.setTitle("MediaDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 CSS
 Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a language used for describing the look and
formatting of a document.
 CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content
from document presentation (layout, colors, and fonts).
 It is used to style web pages and user interfaces written in HTML, XHTML, and any
kind of XML document.
 The CSS language specifications are Web standards maintained by
theWorld Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
 CSS rule set example:

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 JavaFX CSS
 JavaFX Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is based on the W3C CSS and
allows to customize and develop themes for JavaFX controls and
scene graph objects
 http://docs.oracle.com/javafx/2/api/javafx/scene/doc-files/cssref.html
 JavaFX uses the prefix "-fx-" to define its vendor CSS properties
(separate from W3C CSS).
 A style sheet uses the style class or style id to define styles.
 Mutiple style classes can be applied to a single node and a style id to a
unique node.
 The syntax .styleclass defines a style class.
 The syntax #styleid defines a style id.

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 Style Class and Style ID
 mystyle.css:
.plaincircle {
-fx-fill: white;
-fx-stroke: black;
}
.circleborder {
-fx-stroke-width: 5;
-fx-stroke-dash-array: 12 2 4 2;
}
.border {
-fx-border-color: black;
-fx-border-width: 5;
}
#redcircle {
-fx-fill: red;
-fx-stroke: red;
}
#greencircle {
-fx-fill: green;
-fx-stroke: green;
}
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 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
public class StyleSheetDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
HBox hBox = new HBox(5);
Scene scene = new Scene(hBox, 300, 250);
// Load the stylesheet
scene.getStylesheets().add("mystyle.css");
Pane pane1 = new Pane();
Circle circle1 = new Circle(50, 50, 30);
Circle circle2 = new Circle(150, 50, 30);
Circle circle3 = new Circle(100, 100, 30);
pane1.getChildren().addAll(circle1, circle2, circle3);
pane1.getStyleClass().add("border");
circle1.getStyleClass().add("plaincircle"); // Add a style class
circle2.getStyleClass().add("plaincircle"); // Add a style class
circle3.setId("redcircle"); // Add a style id
Pane pane2 = new Pane();
Circle circle4 = new Circle(100, 100, 30);

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 circle4.getStyleClass().addAll("circleborder", "plainCircle");
circle4.setId("greencircle"); // Add a style class
pane2.getChildren().add(circle4);
pane2.getStyleClass().add("border");

hBox.getChildren().addAll(pane1, pane2);

primaryStage.setTitle("StyleSheetDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}

// Lauch the program from command-line

public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

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 QuadCurve
 A quadratic curve is mathematically defined as a quadratic
polynomial.
QuadCurve(double startX, double startY,
double controlX, double controlY, double
endX, double endY)

(controlX, controlY)

(endX, endY)
(startX, startY)

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 QuadCurve
The getter and setter methods for property values and a getter for property
javafx.scene.shape.QuadCurve itself are provided in the class, but omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.

-startX: DoubleProperty The x-coordinate of the start point (default 0).

-startY: DoubleProperty The y-coordinate of the start point (default 0)..
-endX: DoubleProperty The x-coordinate of the end point (default 0)..
-endY: DoubleProperty The y-coordinate of the end point (default 0)..
-controlX: DoubleProperty The x-coordinate of the control point (default 0)..
-controlY: DoubleProperty The y-coordinate of the control point (default 0)..
+QuadCurve() Creates an empty quad curve.
+QuadCurve(startX: double, Creates a quad curve with the specified arguments.
startY: double, controlX:
double, controlY: double,
endX: double, endY: double)

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 Menus
 Menus make selection easier and are widely used in window
applications.
 JavaFX provides five classes that implement menus: MenuBar,
Menu, MenuItem, CheckMenuItem, and
RadioButtonMenuItem.
 MenuBar is a top-level menu component used to hold the
menus.
 A menu consists of menu items that the user can select (or
toggle on or off).
 A menu item can be an instance of MenuItem,
CheckMenuItem, or RadioButtonMenuItem.
 Menu items can be associated with nodes and keyboard
140 accelerators. (c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.Menu;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuBar;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.input.KeyCombination;
import javafx.scene.layout.HBox;
import javafx.scene.layout.VBox;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;

public class MenuDemo extends Application {

private TextField tfNumber1 = new TextField();
private TextField tfNumber2 = new TextField();
141 private TextField tfResult = new TextField();
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 @Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
MenuBar menuBar = new MenuBar();

Menu menuOperation = new Menu("Operation");

Menu menuExit = new Menu("Exit");
menuBar.getMenus().addAll(menuOperation, menuExit);

MenuItem menuItemAdd = new MenuItem("Add");

MenuItem menuItemSubtract = new MenuItem("Subtract");
MenuItem menuItemMultiply = new MenuItem("Multiply");
MenuItem menuItemDivide = new MenuItem("Divide");
menuOperation.getItems().addAll(menuItemAdd, menuItemSubtract,
menuItemMultiply, menuItemDivide);

MenuItem menuItemClose = new MenuItem("Close");

menuExit.getItems().add(menuItemClose);

menuItemAdd.setAccelerator(
KeyCombination.keyCombination("Ctrl+A"));
menuItemSubtract.setAccelerator(
KeyCombination.keyCombination("Ctrl+S"));
menuItemMultiply.setAccelerator(
KeyCombination.keyCombination("Ctrl+M"));
menuItemDivide.setAccelerator(
KeyCombination.keyCombination("Ctrl+D"));
HBox hBox1 = new HBox(5);
tfNumber1.setPrefColumnCount(2);
tfNumber2.setPrefColumnCount(2);
142 tfResult.setPrefColumnCount(2);
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 hBox1.getChildren().addAll(new Label("Number 1:"), tfNumber1,
new Label("Number 2:"), tfNumber2, new Label("Result:"),
tfResult);
hBox1.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);

HBox hBox2 = new HBox(5);

Button btAdd = new Button("Add");
Button btSubtract = new Button("Subtract");
Button btMultiply = new Button("Multiply");
Button btDivide = new Button("Divide");
hBox2.getChildren().addAll(btAdd, btSubtract, btMultiply, btDivide);
hBox2.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);

VBox vBox = new VBox(10);

vBox.getChildren().addAll(menuBar, hBox1, hBox2);
Scene scene = new Scene(vBox, 300, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("MenuDemo"); // Set the window title
primaryStage.setScene(scene); // Place the scene in the window
primaryStage.show(); // Display the window
// Handle menu actions
menuItemAdd.setOnAction(e -> perform('+'));
menuItemSubtract.setOnAction(e -> perform('-'));
menuItemMultiply.setOnAction(e -> perform('*'));
menuItemDivide.setOnAction(e -> perform('/'));
menuItemClose.setOnAction(e -> System.exit(0));
// Handle button actions
btAdd.setOnAction(e -> perform('+'));
btSubtract.setOnAction(e -> perform('-'));
btMultiply.setOnAction(e -> perform('*'));
143 btDivide.setOnAction(e -> perform('/'));
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}
 private void perform(char operator) {
double number1 = Double.parseDouble(tfNumber1.getText());
double number2 = Double.parseDouble(tfNumber2.getText());

double result = 0;
switch (operator) {
case '+': result = number1 + number2; break;
case '-': result = number1 - number2; break;
case '*': result = number1 * number2; break;
case '/': result = number1 / number2; break;
}

tfResult.setText(result + "");
};

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 Context Menu
 A context menu (also known as a popup menu) is like a
regular menu, but does not have a menu bar and can float
anywhere on the screen.
 Creating a context menu is similar to creating a regular menu.
 First, create an instance of ContextMenu, then add MenuItem,
CheckMenuItem, and RadioMenuItem to the context menu.

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.control.ContextMenu;
import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem;
import javafx.scene.image.ImageView;
public class ContextMenuDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
ContextMenu contextMenu = new ContextMenu();
MenuItem menuItemNew = new MenuItem("New",
new ImageView("image/new.gif"));
MenuItem menuItemOpen = new MenuItem("Open",
new ImageView("image/open.gif"));
MenuItem menuItemPrint = new MenuItem("Print",
new ImageView("image/print.gif"));
MenuItem menuItemExit = new MenuItem("Exit");
contextMenu.getItems().addAll(menuItemNew, menuItemOpen,
menuItemPrint, menuItemExit);
Pane pane = new Pane();
Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 300, 250);
primaryStage.setTitle("ContextMenuDemo");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
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 pane.setOnMousePressed(
e -> contextMenu.show(pane, e.getScreenX(), e.getScreenY()));

menuItemNew.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("New"));

menuItemOpen.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("Open"));
menuItemPrint.setOnAction(e -> System.out.println("Print"));
menuItemExit.setOnAction(e -> System.exit(0));
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}
}

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 SplitPane
 The SplitPane class can be used to display multiple panes and
allow the user to adjust the size of the panes.

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 TabPane
 The TabPane class can be used to display multiple panes with
tabs.

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 TabPane
javafx.scene.control.Control The getter and setter methods for property values and
a getter for property itself are provided in the class, but
omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.TabPane

-side: ObjectProperty<Side> The position of the tab in the tab pane. Possible values are:
Side.TOP, Side.BOTTOM, Side.LEFT, and Side.RIGHT (default:
Side.TOP).
Creates a default tab pane.
+TabPane()
+getTabs(): ObservableList<Tab> Returns a list of tabs in this tab pane.

java.lang.Object The getter and setter methods for property values and
a getter for property itself are provided in the class, but
omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.Tab

-content: ObjectProperty<Node> The content associated with the tab.

-contextMenu: The context menu associated with the tab.
ObjectProperty<ContextMenu>
-graphics: ObjectProperty<Node> The graphics in the tab.
-id: StringProperty The id for the tab.
-text: StringProperty The text shown in the tab.
-tooltip: StringProperty The tooltip associated with the tab.
+Tab()
+Tab(text: String)
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 TableView
 You can display tables using the TableView class.

javafx.scene.control.Control The getter and setter methods for property values and
a getter for property itself are provided in the class, but
omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.TableView<S>

-editable: BooleanProperty Specifies whether this TableView is editable. For a cell to be

editable, TableView, TableColumn, and TableCell for the cell
should all be true.
-items: The data model for the TableViee.
ObjectProperty<ObservableList<S>>
-placeholder: ObjectProperty<Node> This Node is shown when table has no contents.
-selectionModel: ObjectProperty< Specifies single or multiple selections.
TableViewSelectionModel<S>>
+TableView() Creates a default TableView with no content.
151 +TableView(items: ObservableList<S>) Creates
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default TableView
Inc. with the specified content.
 The TableColumn Class
java.lang.Object The getter and setter methods for property values and
a getter for property itself are provided in the class, but
omitted in the UML diagram for brevity.
javafx.scene.control.TableColumn<S, T>

-editable: BooleanProperty Specifies whether this TableColumn allows editing.

-cellValueFactory: The cell value factory to specify how to populate all cells within a
ObjectProperty<Callback<TableColumn. single column.

CellDataFeatures<S,T>,ObservableValue
<T>>>
-graphic: ObjectProperty<Node> The graphic for this TableColumn.
-id: StringProperty The id for this TableColumn.
-resizable: BooleanProperty Indicates whether the column is resizable.
-sortable: BooleanProperty Indicates whether the column is sortable.
-text: StringProperty Text in the table column header.
-style: StringProperty Specify the CSS style for the column.
-visible: BooleanProperty Specify whether the column is visible (default: true).
+TableColumn() Creates a default TableColumn.
+TableColumn(text: String) Creates a TableView with the specified header text.

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 FXML
 FXML is a declarative XML-based language created by
Oracle Corporation for defining the user interface of a
JavaFX 2.0 application.
 It can be edited and created using the JavaFX Scene
Builder 2 (downloaded separately from J2SE)
 Create a new JavaFX project in Netbeans and you
will get 3 files: an FXML file with the UI design, a
main application .java file that loads the FXML and a
controller for the event handlers for the UI Nodes.

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FXML document:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?import java.lang.*?>
<?import java.util.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.*?>
<?import javafx.scene.layout.*?>
<AnchorPane id="AnchorPane" prefHeight="200" prefWidth="200"
xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8"
fx:controller="javafxapplication1.FXMLDocumentController">
<children>
<FlowPane prefHeight="200.0" prefWidth="200.0">
<children>
<Label fx:id="label" minHeight="16" minWidth="69"
text="Welcome to FXML" />
</children>
</FlowPane>
</children>
</AnchorPane>
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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
public class JavaFXApplication5 extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) throws Exception {
Parent root = FXMLLoader.load(getClass().getResource("FXMLDocument.fxml"));
Scene scene = new Scene(root);
stage.setScene(scene);
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
}

import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
public class FXMLDocumentController implements Initializable {
@FXML
private Label label;
@Override
public void initialize(URL url, ResourceBundle rb) {
}
155
}
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 HTML in JavaFX
 HTML intro.: the Internet Web pages format
 Example: html_sample_01.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html> ← This is the HTML tag. Every HTML page has one
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1> ← This is a heading

← This is a paragraph
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

<span style="background-color:red; color:blue" >NOW?</span>

</body>
</html>

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 HTML
 HTML is a language for describing web pages.
 HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
 HTML is a markup language
 A markup language is a set of markup tags
 The tags describe document content
 HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
 HTML documents are also called web pages

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 HTML
 HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
 HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle
brackets like <html>
 HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
 The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is
the end tag
 The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward
slash before the tag name
 Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing
tags
<tagname>content</tagname>
158 <p>This is a paragraph.</p>
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 HTML by Examples
 http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_examples.asp
 HTML links:
 <a href="http://www.w3schools.com">This is a link</a>
 It appears as: This is a link
 HTML images:
 <img src="w3schools.jpg" width="104" height="142">
 It appears as:

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 JavaFX with HTML
 You can put HTML code in JavaFX:
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane;
import javafx.event.ActionEvent;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.web.WebEngine;
import javafx.scene.web.WebView;
public class HTMLDemo extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
WebView browser = new WebView();
WebEngine webEngine = browser.getEngine();
webEngine.loadContent("<html><b><u>T</u>wo</b><br>lines</html>");
StackPane root = new StackPane();
root.getChildren().add(browser);
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 100, 150); import org.w3c.dom.Document;
primaryStage.setTitle("Hello World!"); // ... get the document of the engine
primaryStage.setScene(scene); Document doc = webEngine.getDocument();
primaryStage.show(); // and the elements
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
}
... Element el = doc.getElementById("id1");
public static void main(String[] args) {
launch(args);
}
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 JavaFX with HTML
 You can get the Document only when the asynchronized WebEngine had
finished loading the page. That is,
Document doc = webEngine.getDocument();
may be null if the page is not loaded yet.

 Solution: listen to the state of the WebEngine object to know when it is done loading:
engine.getLoadWorker().stateProperty().addListener(
(ObservableValue<? extends State> observable,
State oldValue, State newValue)
-> {
if (newValue == State.SUCCEEDED)
docManager.setStatsDoc(engine.getDocument());
});

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 javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas
 javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas is an image that can be drawn on using a
set of graphics commands provided by a GraphicsContext.
 javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext issues draw calls to
a Canvas using a buffer:
 each call pushes the necessary parameters onto the buffer where they
will be later rendered onto the image of the Canvas node by the
rendering thread at the end of a pulse.
Canvas canvas = new Canvas(250,250);
GraphicsContext gc =
canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
gc.fillRect(75,75,100,100);

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import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas;
import javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext;
import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.stage.Screen;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class CanvasDemo extends Application {
Stage primaryStage;
Scene scene;
Canvas canvas;
GraphicsContext gc;
Image logo1Image, logo2Image;
ArrayList<Point2D> logo1Locations, logo2Locations;
@Override
public void start(Stage initPrimaryStage) {
primaryStage = initPrimaryStage;
initStage();
initData();
initGUI();
163 initHandlers();
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}
 public void initStage() {
Screen screen = Screen.getPrimary();
Rectangle2D bounds = screen.getVisualBounds();
primaryStage.setX(bounds.getMinX());
primaryStage.setY(bounds.getMinY());
primaryStage.setWidth(bounds.getWidth());
primaryStage.setHeight(bounds.getHeight());
}
public void initData() {
logo1Locations = new ArrayList();
logo2Locations = new ArrayList();
logo1Image = new Image("file:images/logo1.png");
logo2Image = new Image("file:images/logo2.png");
}
public void initGUI() {
canvas = new Canvas();
gc = canvas.getGraphicsContext2D(); // is graphics destination: monitor
Group root = new Group();
root.getChildren().add(canvas);
scene = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
canvas.setWidth(scene.getWidth());
canvas.setHeight(scene.getHeight());
}
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 public void initHandlers() {
canvas.setOnMouseClicked(mouseEvent -> {
Point2D point = new Point2D(mouseEvent.getX(), mouseEvent.getY());
if (!logo1Locations.contains(point)) {
logo1Locations.add(point);
}
draw();
});
canvas.setOnMouseDragged(mouseEvent -> {
Point2D point = new Point2D(mouseEvent.getX(), mouseEvent.getY());
if (!logo2Locations.contains(point)) {
logo2Locations.add(point);
}
draw();
});
}
public void draw() {
Iterator<Point2D> it = logo1Locations.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Point2D p = it.next();
gc.drawImage(logo1Image, p.getX(), p.getY());
}
it = logo2Locations.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
Point2D p = it.next();
gc.drawImage(logo2Image, p.getX(), p.getY());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
165 launch();
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}}
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.geometry.Rectangle2D;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.canvas.Canvas;
import javafx.scene.canvas.GraphicsContext;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.stage.Screen;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class PentaApp extends Application {
private Stage primaryStage;
private Scene scene;
private Canvas canvas;
private GraphicsContext gc;
private ArrayList<double[]> xPoints;
private ArrayList<double[]> yPoints;
private ArrayList<Color> colors;

@Override
public void start(Stage initPrimaryStage) {
primaryStage = initPrimaryStage;
initStage();
initData();
initGUI();
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}
 public void initStage() {
primaryStage.setTitle("Penta App");
Screen screen = Screen.getPrimary(); // is graphics destination: monitor
Rectangle2D bounds = screen.getVisualBounds();
primaryStage.setX(bounds.getMinX());
primaryStage.setY(bounds.getMinY());
primaryStage.setWidth(bounds.getWidth());
primaryStage.setHeight(bounds.getHeight());
}
public void initData() {
xPoints = new ArrayList();
yPoints = new ArrayList();
colors = new ArrayList();
}
public void initGUI() {
canvas = new Canvas();
gc = canvas.getGraphicsContext2D();
Group root = new Group();
root.getChildren().add(canvas);
scene = new Scene(root);
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
canvas.setWidth(scene.getWidth());
canvas.setHeight(scene.getHeight());
}
public void initHandlers() {
canvas.setOnMouseClicked(mouseEvent -> {
if (mouseEvent.getClickCount() == 2) {
xPoints.clear();
167 yPoints.clear();
(c) Paul Fodor and Pearson Inc.
 colors.clear();
gc.clearRect(0, 0, canvas.getWidth(), canvas.getHeight());
}
});
canvas.setOnMouseDragged(mouseEvent -> {
double x = mouseEvent.getX();
double y = mouseEvent.getY();
double[] xs = new double[5];
double[] ys = new double[5];
// CENTER
xs[0] = x;
ys[0] = y - (int) (Math.random() * 20) - 1;
// TOP-RIGHT POINT
xs[1] = x + (int) (Math.random() * 15) + 1;
ys[1] = y - (int) (Math.random() * 10) - 1;
// BOTTOM-RIGHT POINT
xs[2] = x + (int) (Math.random() * 10) + 1;
ys[2] = y + (int) (Math.random() * 15) + 1;
// BOTTOM-LEFT POINT
xs[3] = x - (int) (Math.random() * 10) - 1;
ys[3] = y + (int) (Math.random() * 15) + 1;
// TOP-LEFT POINT
xs[4] = x - (int) (Math.random() * 15) - 1;
ys[4] = y - (int) (Math.random() * 10) - 1;
xPoints.add(xs);
yPoints.add(ys);
int r = (int) (Math.random() * 256);
int g = (int) (Math.random() * 256);
int b = (int) (Math.random() * 256);
colors.add(Color.rgb(r, g, b));
PentaApp.this.draw();
168 });
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 public void draw() {
for (int i = 0; i < xPoints.size(); i++) {
double[] xVertices = xPoints.get(i);
double[] yVertices = yPoints.get(i);
for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
xVertices[j] += (int) (Math.random() * 9) - 4;
yVertices[j] += (int) (Math.random() * 9) - 4;
}
Color color = colors.get(i);
gc.setFill(color);
gc.fillPolygon(xVertices, yVertices, 5);
gc.setStroke(Color.BLACK);
gc.strokePolygon(xVertices, yVertices, 5);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

launch(args);
}

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