PREPARED BY
SHARMIN C. SUSIWALA
S.Y. BPT.
SCOP
1. Muscles of facial expression
2. Muscles of mastication
Control expressions of the face.
Sometimes referred to as muscles of 'facial expression‘
or ‘mimetic muscles’.
Act as sphincters and dilators of the orifices of the face.
Development: Second pharyngeal ( branchial ) arch.
(mesoderm layer)
Structure: The facial muscles are subcutaneous. They
are in the superficial fascia, with origins from either
bone or fascia, and insertions into the skin.
Innervation: The facial muscles are innervated by
facial nerve (cranial nerve VII).
LIST OF FACIAL MUSCLES
The following organizational arrangement into
functional groups provides a logical approach to
understanding these muscles:
1. MUSCLES OF THE SCALP:
Occipito-Frontalis.
2. MUSCLES OF THE EYELID: (ORBITAL GROUP)
Orbicularis oculi.
Corrugator supercilii.
Levator palpebrae superioris.
3. MUSCLES OF THE NOSE: (NASAL GROUP)
Nasalis.
Procerus.
Depressor septi.
Dilatator naris posterior.
Dilatator naris anterior.
4. MUSCLES OF THE MOUTH: (ORAL GROUP)
Orbicularis oris.
Buccinator.
Depressor anguli oris.
Depressor labii inferioris.
Mentalis.
Risorius.
Zygomaticus.
Levator labii superioris.
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi.
Levator anguli oris.
5. OTHER MUSCLES ARE:
Anterior auricular.
Superior auricular.
Posterior auricular.
Platysma.
FACIAL MUSCLE
FRONTAL
BELLY
OCCIPITAL
BELLY
OCCIPITAL
BELLY
THE EPICRANIUS (OCCIPITOFRONTALIS) is a
broad, musculofibrous layer, which covers the
whole of one side of the vertex of the skull,
from the occipital bone to the eyebrow.
It consists of two parts, the Occipitalis and the
Frontalis, connected by an intervening
tendinous aponeurosis, the galea
aponeurotica.
• OCCIPITAL BELLY:
• Origin: arises by tendinous fibers from the
lateral two-thirds of the superior nuchal line of
the occipital bone, and from the mastoid part
of the temporal bone.
• Insertion: Galea aponeurotica.
FRONTAL BELLY
FRONTAL BELLY: It is broader than
the Occipitalis and its fibers are longer and paler in
color.
• It is located on the front of the head.
•It has no bony attachments.
• Origin: Galea aponeurotica.
• Insertion: Its medial fibers are continuous with
those of the Procerus; its immediate fibers blend with
the Corrugator and Orbicularis oculi.
• Thus attached to the skin of the eyebrows; and its
lateral fibers are also blended with the latter muscle
over the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.
• Action: Wrinkles forehead; raises eyebrows; Draws
scalp backward.
• The ORBICULARIS
OCULI is a large muscle
that completely
surrounds each orbital
orifice and extends into
each eyelid.
• It has two major and
one minor part:
Orbital part.
Palpebral part.
Lacrimal part.
ORBITAL PART: isthicker and of a reddish color; its fibers
form a complete ellipse without interruption at the
lateral palpebral commissure.
Origin: Nasal part of frontal bone; frontal process of
maxilla; medial palpebral ligament.
Insertion: Fibers form an uninterrupted ellipse
around orbit.
PALPEBRAL PART: is thin and pale; forms a series of
concentric curves around eyelids.
Origin: Medial palpebral ligament.
Insertion: Lateral palpebral raphe.
LACRIMAL PART: (TENSOR TARSI) is a small, thin muscle,
about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated
behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac.
• It attaches to bone posterior to the lacrimal sac of the
lacrimal apparatus in the orbit.
Action: The Orbicularis oculi is the sphincter muscle of
the eyelids. The palpebral portion acts involuntarily,
closing the lids gently, as in sleep or in blinking; the
orbital portion is subject to conscious control.
The orbital and palpebral parts have specific roles to
play during eyelid closure. The palpebral part closes
the eye gently whereas the orbital part closes the eye
more forcefully and produces some wrinkling on the
forehead.
It is a small, narrow, pyramidal muscle, placed at the
medial end of the eyebrow, beneath the Frontalis and
Orbicularis oculi.
It is the “frowning” muscle; the principal muscle in the
expression of suffering.
Origin: Medial end of the superciliary arch.
Insertion: Skin of the medial half of eye-brow.
Action: Draws the eyebrows medially and downward;
causing vertical wrinkles above the nose and also
active when frowning.
It is the most superior muscle in the orbit.
Origin: Lesser wing of sphenoid anterior to optic
canal.
Insertion: Anterior surface of tarsal plate; a few
fibers to skin and superior conjunctival fornix.
Innervation: Oculomotor nerve [III]- superior
branch.
Action: Contraction of the levator palpebrae
superioris raises the upper eyelid.
THE NASALIS (COMPRESSOR NARIS) consists of two
parts, transverse and alar.
Is a sphincter-like muscle of the nose
Transverse part:
Origin: Maxilla just lateral to nose.
Insertion: Aponeurosis across dorsum of nose with muscle
fibers from the other side.
Action: Compresses nasal aperture.
Alar part:
Origin: Maxilla over lateral incisor.
Insertion: Alar cartilage of nose.
Action: Draws cartilage downward and laterally opening
nostril.
THE PROCERUS (PYRAMIDALIS NASI) is a small
pyramidal slip.
Origin: Nasal bone and upper part of lateral nasal
cartilage.
Insertion: Skin of lower forehead between eyebrows.
Action: Draws down medial angle of eyebrows
producing transverse wrinkles over bridge of nose.
It can also contribute to an expression of anger.
DEPRESSOR SEPTI
Action: Depressor septi nasi pulls the nose inferiorly, so
assisting the alar part of the nasalis in opening the
nares.
The Dilator naris muscle is a part of the nasalis
muscle. It is divided into posterior and anterior parts:
Dilatator naris posterior
Dilatator naris anterior
Action: These two Dilatatores enlarge the aperture of
the nares. Their action in ordinary breathing is to resist
the tendency of the nostrils to close from atmospheric
pressure, but in difficult breathing, as well as in some
emotions, such as anger, they contract strongly.
The ORBICULARIS ORIS is a complex muscle
consisting of fibers that completely encircle the
mouth.
Origin: Some of its fibers originate near the midline
from the maxilla superiorly and the mandible
inferiorly, while other fibers are derived from both
the buccinator, in the cheek, and the numerous other
muscles acting on the lips.
Insertion: Forms ellipse around mouth; inserts into
the skin and mucous membrane of the lips.
Action: Contraction of the orbicularis oris narrows
the mouth and closes the lips. Its function is
apparent when 'pursing' the lips as occurs during
whistling.
BUCCINATOR is a thin quadrilateral muscle,
occupying the interval between the maxilla and the
mandible at the side of the face.
•The buccinator forms the muscular component of
the cheek.
• Origin: Posterior parts of maxilla and mandible;
pterygomandibular raphe which separates it from
the Constrictor pharyngis superior.
• Insertion: Blends with orbicularis oris and into
lips.
• Action: The Buccinators compress the
cheeks, so that, during the process of mastication,
the food is kept under the immediate pressure of
the teeth. When the cheeks have been previously
distended with air, the Buccinator muscles expel it
from between the lips, as in blowing a trumpet. Its
purpose is to pull back the angle of the mouth and
to flatten the cheek area, which aids in
holding the cheek to the teeth during
chewing.
It aids whistling and smiling and in neonates it is
used to suckle.
The muscles in the lower group consist of the
following muscles:
1. DEPRESSOR ANGULI ORIS
2. DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS
3. MENTALIS:
1. DEPRESSOR ANGULI
ORIS:(Triangularis muscle)
Origin: Oblique line of
mandible below canine,
premolar and first molar
teeth.
Insertion: Skin at the corner
of mouth and blending with
orbicularis oris.
Action: Draws corner of
mouth down and laterally;
is active during frowning.
2. DEPRESSOR LABII INFERIORIS:
The Quadratus labii
inferioris (Depressor labii
inferioris; Quadratus menti) is a
small quadrilateral muscle.
Origin: Anterior part of oblique line
of mandible.
Insertion: Lower lip at midline;
blends with muscle from opposite
side.
Action: Draws lower lip downward
and moves it laterally.
3. MENTALIS:
The Mentalis (Levator menti) is
a small conical fasciculus,
situated at the tip of the chin.
It is sometimes referred to as
the "pouting muscle."
It is the deepest muscle of the
lower group.
Origin: Mandible inferior to
incisor teeth.
Insertion: Skin of chin.
Action: It raises and protrudes
the lower lip as it wrinkles the
skin of the chin; helps position
the lip when drinking from a
cup or when pouting.
The muscles of the upper group of oral muscles consist
of :
1. Risorius
2. Zygomaticus major
3. Zygomaticus minor
4. Levator labii superioris
5. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
6. Levator anguli oris.
It is a thin, superficial muscle that extends laterally from the
corner of the mouth in a slightly upward direction.
It is also called as grinning muscle.
Origin: Fascia over masseter muscle( parotid fascia).
Insertion: Skin at the corner of the mouth.
Action: The risorius retracts the angle of the
mouth to produce a smile, albeit an insincere-looking
one that does not involve the skin around the eyes. Compare
with a real smile, which raises the lips with the action
of zygomaticus major and zygomaticus minor muscles and
causes "crow's feet“(A name for wrinkles in the outer corner
of the eyes as the result of aging (resembling crow's feet))
around the eyes using the orbicularis oculi muscles.
ZYGOMATICUS major is a superficial muscle producing
smile along with zygomaticus minor.
Origin: Deep to the orbicularis oculi along the posterior
part of the lateral surface of the zygomatic bone.
Insertion: Skin at the corner of the mouth.
Action: Draws the corner of the mouth upward
and laterally.
It raises the corners of the mouth when a
person smiles. Dimples may be caused by variations
in the structure of this muscle.
Origin: Anterior part of lateral surface of zygomatic
bone.
Insertion: Upper lip just medial to corner of mouth.
Action: Draws the upper lip upward.
Deepens the furrow between the nose and the corner
of the mouth during sadness-
Origin: arises from the maxilla just superior to the
infra-orbital foramen
Insertion: blend with the orbicularis oris and insert
into the skin of the upper lip.
Action: Raises upper lip; helps form nasolabial furrow
LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi is medial to
the levator labii superioris, arises from the maxilla
next to the nose, and inserts into both the alar
cartilage of the nose and skin of the upper lip-it may
assist in flaring the nares;
Levator anguli oris is more deeply placed and
covered by the other two levators and the zygomaticus
muscles, arises from the maxilla, just inferior to the
infra-orbital foramen, and inserts into the skin at the
corner of the mouth-it elevates the corner of the
mouth and may help deepen the furrow between the
nose and the corner of the mouth during sadness.
