International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)

ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-6S3 April, 2019

Design and Implementation of Rectangular

Microstrip Patch Antennas for Biomedical
Applications
M.Anto Bennet, Himaya. R, Deepa. K, Divya.V, Aarthi.V

Abstract: In this work we use microstrip patch antenna. This The antenna is described, a method of radiating or receiving
antenna’s are employed in several medical, military applications. radio waves. it is an association of electrical conductors made
In medical it is used in body implant applications to cure tumors, to efficaciously do radiate and get hold of electromagnetic
cardio vascular disorders and ulcers. This antenna’s plays an waves in desired instructions. It’s also to be an interface and a
important role in the place of telemetry. This antenna’s have a guiding shape between a transmission line and area; that is, it
good efficiency in transmission and reception. In this work the acts as matching structures among assets of electromagnetic
main objectives are to reduce size of the antenna, frequency and to energy and area. The antenna is defined as, approach of
increase the gain. We operate this antenna in 2.45GHz.This radiating or receiving radio waves. Its miles an association of
frequency will not cause any damage to the internal and external electrical conductors made to do radiate and receive
skin when it is implanted. This antenna will provide greater safety electromagnetic waves in desired instructions. It’s also to be
for the patients. This antenna’s are designed with an input an interface and a guiding shape among a transmission line
impendence of 50 Ohms.This antenna has been developed with a and area; that is, it acts as matching systems between the
gain of 7dB. sources of electromagnetic electricity and space. All of the
digital communications systems include a transmitter, a
receiver, and a Communications medium.
I. INTRODUCTION II. LITERATURE SURVEY:
Conversation is an essential device for connecting one A small-sized antenna with three huge in operation bands to
another. communiqué is a crucial part of existence and cover the long term Evolution/wireless huge space community
additionally essential in enterprise, schooling and another
(LTE/WWAN) operation in the 698 ~ 960-, 1710 ~ 2690-, and
state of affairs where humans connect each other. Records
dissemination, the primary goal of verbal exchange is carried 3400 ~3800-MHz bands is supplied. The antenna has a planar
out by radio, TV and cellular telephones called radio flat shape and is easy to fabricate on one floor of a thin FR4
structures of telecommunication. The a hit design of this radio substrate of length 10×40 5×0.8mm3. The antenna is common
system relies upon on an element referred to as an antenna thru inclusive of a number one department named branch 1, an
that's the part through which radio frequency strength is inductively coupled strip and a 2d department named branch
coupled from the transmitter to the outdoor medium and in 2, a simple department strip to a coupled-fed shorted strip
reverse to the receiver from the outside medium. The current
enhancement in facts technology and Wi-Fi network antenna the main component, and the two branches are
conversation which include having a horrific signal when the configured with the principle element to attain a compact
receiver is simply too some distance from the transmitter has antenna form. The three large bands may be without trouble
created many possibilities for boosting the overall adjusted and covers the LTE/WWAN operation which
performance and efficiency of existing signal transmission incorporates industrial LTE bands and WWAN bands (698 ~
and processing systems. 960 and 1710 ~ 2690 MHz) and the LTE three.5-GHz band
(3400 ~ 3800 MH)[1]. New designs for a compact
reconfigurable antenna are delivered for cell conversation
devices. The uniqueness of the antenna designs are, they allow
Revised Manuscript Received on March 25, 2019. diverse organizations in their working frequency bands to be
M.ANTO BENNET, Professor, Department of Electronics and decided on electronically. Particularly, each corporation of
Communication Engineering, Vel tech frequency bands, or mode, can be made to serve numerous
HIMAYA. R, UG student, Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Vel tech special communication structures simultaneously. These
DEEPA. K, UG student, Department of Electronics and Communication structures may also consist of various mixtures of networks
Engineering, Vel tech like GSM, DCS, computer systems, UMTS, Bluetooth, and
DIVYA.V, UG student, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Vel tech
Wi-Fi nearby-location network (LAN).
AARTHI.V, UG student, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Vel tech

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 Design and Implementation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas for Biomedical Applications

Thereby electronically deciding on special antenna modes, a the antenna. The planar reflector offers upward push to
variety of communique structures may be with no trouble excessive the front-to-lower back ratio and directivity over a
served via the use of most effective one antenna. One band extending from 4.8 to six.1 GHz [five]. A multi-
advantage is that via the top notch modes, the overall antenna functioning round wide-slot antenna with small length is
amount can be reused, and the overall antenna may be made proposed and investigated for reconfigurable ultra-wideband
compact and small. In those designs, the selection of the (UWB) communiqué applications. The antenna may be
extraordinary modes is finished by using i) switching precise utilized in lots of strategies as a twin band-notched UWB
feeding locations of the antenna (switched feed) and ii) antenna, a unmarried band-notched UWB antenna, a UWB
switching or breaking of the antenna's connection to the floor antenna, or at the same time as a multi-band antenna. The
(switched ground). This art work demonstrates the 2 designs. band-notched characteristic is achieved through the usage of a
For the primary format it allows techniques like GSM, DCS, SIR (stepped impedance resonator) and an arc-shaped
computer systems, and UMTS and for the second layout, the parasitic element (ASPE), even as the multi-characteristic
antenna makes use of a switched-floor technique, which design is realized with the resource of incorporating four
covers GSM, DCS, computers, UMTS and Bluetooth, and switches into the SIR and ASPE. Simulation effects show that
moreover 2.four GHz Wi-Fi LAN. The designs are checked the proposed antenna is with a huge impedance bandwidth and
when best switches and additionally various sensible energetic multi-characteristic switchable houses and suitable for UWB
switches based on a few configurations like PIN diodes, GaAs and cognitive radio conversation packages [6 -10].
situation impact transistor, and MEMs configurations. The
designs are examined through numerical simulations and III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
dimension of an experimental prototype. The outcomes affirm
Microstrip antenna is becoming beneficial due to their
suitable typical performance of the each multiband
mild weight and coffee value, they may be maximum use
reconfigurable antenna designs [2]. A (CPW) coplanar
microwave frequencies, and can be revealed without delay
waveguide fed monopole antenna is proposed, which is
onto a circuit board. The maximum microstrip patch
composed of a rectangular monopole patch it really is slightly
antenna typically includes 12 a steel foil “patch” on floor
notched at the lowest, a T-fashioned CPW ground inside the
on pinnacle of board, with a metallic foil ground plane on
notch, and a tapered coplanar waveguide floor out of the
the opposite facet of the board, and the patch is typically
notch. The simulated and experimental consequences show
made of any viable shape consisting of rectangular,
that the antenna achieves a divisional ohmic resistance records
square, round and elliptical. Usually we continually use
measure of 164% for S11 -10 dB, that is of concerning pair of
inset feed and coaxial feed techniques, as it is simple to
three times of the conventional one. The parametric research
understand and obtain input in shape. The patch antenna is
and measured radiation developments are presented. The
a low profile antenna, because structure, it has proper
consequences show that the antenna exhibits proper
radiation potential, we can see that the radiation of
developments and is appropriate for packages like
microstrip antenna is as a result of the threshold of the
transportable cellular ultra wideband (UWB) packages [3].
open facet of the patch. Because the length of the radiation
The circular disc monopole (CDM) antenna has been
patch is ready half of wavelength, the electric subject is
pronounced to yield a huge-impedance bandwidth.
opposite in vertical aspect of open facet, however the
Experiments were carried out on a round disc monopole that
electric field is distributed in the equal course horizontal
has twice the diameter of the recommended disc with
thing shown in fig 1&2.
comparable results. New configurations are proposed which
include elliptical, rectangular, rectangular, and hexagonal disc
monopole antennas. A clean additive is proposed to predict
the frequency similar to the lower fringe of the bandwidth for
every and every configuration. The(EDM) elliptical disc
monopole, with elasticity ratio of one.1 yields the maximum
bandwidth from 1.21 GHz to more than 13 GHz for voltage
standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2 [4].We present a unique
revealed antenna for extremely wide-Band packages. in spite
of its form which resembles a "traditional" bow-tie, the Fig. No: 1Side view of Microsrip antenna
proposed antenna has a awesome radiation mechanism, which
is based on magnetic currents excited in well designed slots.
This in turn lets in to preserve accurate antenna general
overall performance while a plane reflector is placed beneath

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& Sciences Publication
 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-6S3 April, 2019

Fig 4: Rectangular patch antenna with gap

REQUIRMENTS OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA:

In this work the antenna can works under ISM: 27 MHz, 434
MHz, 915 MHz and 2450 MHz, in order to design the
antenna, we should choice the best operating frequency
Fig. No2: Microstrip Antenna
according to three aspects: precise location, antenna’s size,
This type of microstrip antenna is straightforward to fabricate, specific absorption rate.
due to the easy 2-dimensional physical geometry parent 1.
Rectangular antenna is implemented in ultra high Frequency
(300 MHz --- 3 GHz), because the dimensions of antenna SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE:
results thewavelength at the resonant frequency.Forthe most Follow the theory of SAR, we are going to calculate and
important E plane, the scale of the patch alongside its period
compare the valuein ISM frequency. Assume that the is
was prolonged on every give up by using a distance Δ that is
function of the effective dielectric consistent shown in fig 3. 1[V/m], and use the formula 2.15

Fig.3: Rectangular patch antenna without gap

RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNAS WITH GAP:

This type of microstrip antenna is similar like the rectangular
patch antenna, but there has a gap between patch and feed
shown in fig 4.

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 Design and Implementation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas for Biomedical Applications

Because of low frequency will have large size of antenna, in

6
5 this case the antenna should be design small, light and easy to
4
3 Series 1 use. From all above 3 aspects, the frequency 2450 MHz will
2 be used to design microstrip antenna.
1 Series 2
0 IV.EXPIREMENTAL RESULTS
Series 3
Thismicrostrip patch antenna consists of three major parts,
namely Substrate, Patch and Radiation Area shown in fig 6-8.

Fig 5:SAR of tissues in different frequency

From the above fig 5, it shows clear that when increase the
frequency, the SAR value is higher. In work, only the tissue
absorbs more microwaves, the antenna can detect easier, the
result will be more obvious.

PRECEISE LOCATION:
On the other hand, the higher the frequency, the shorter the
propagation range can be. The wavelength of high frequency
is short, and its directivity angle is narrow, the location can be
Fig.6SUBSTRATE:
precise. At least the frequency 2450 MHz is chosen for the
antenna frequency.
ANTENNA SIZE CHART:

The table 1 shows the dimension of antenna in different

frequency

TABLE: 1 Antenna Dimension

Antenna 27Mhz 434Mhz 915Mhz 2415Mhz

Inset fed 3.4 ×2. 210 ×165 100 ×78 37 ×28.8

antenna 6

:Fig.No:7 PATCH

Circular = = 95.7 = 45 = 16.6

antenna 1.5
Rectang 3.4 ×2. 210 ×165 100 ×78 37 ×28.8
ular 6
antenna
U slot 2.9 ×2. 208 ×153 95 ×74 35 ×26
antenna 3

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 International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE)
ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7 Issue-6S3 April, 2019

Fig.No: 8RADIATION AREA

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS:
Fig.9; VSWR
VSWR
GAIN:
An indication regarding the amount of mismatch
between an antenna and the feed line connecting to it is The term gain in antenna describes how much power
called the VSWR which stands for voltage standing wave is transmitted in the direction of the radiation in peak
ratio. The range of values for VSWR may vary from 1 to to that of a source. Antenna gain is more commore
∞. For antenna applications a VSWR value under 2 is than directivity in a he antenna specification because
considered suitable. Thisantenna can be described as it takes into account the actual losses that occur. An
having a good match. So when an antenna is said to be antenna gain can also be used as a function of angle;
in this case it can be used to plot the radiation
poorly matched, very often it means that the VSWR value
pattern. The definition of formula of antenna gain
exceeds 2 for a frequency of interest shown in fig 9. To is antenna efficiency plus directivity, which is
calculate VSWR, Should calculate the reflection measured in decibels. This may be different from
coefficient first, it is denoted as antenna transmission power, which can be
measured in watts and refers to the input power
Γ = (ZL - ZS)/(ZL + ZS) level limit of the specific antenna. Antenna gain
produce amplification, in which it focuses the
Where ZL-load impedance actual strength of an incoming or transmitted
signal shown in fig 10.
ZS-source impedance
Gain formula is given as:G=E.D
Therefore VSWR = (1 + Γ)/(1 - Γ).
E= Efficiency, D=Directivity.

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 Design and Implementation of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas for Biomedical Applications

V. CONCLUSION

Work have designed and developed a microstrip antenna for

detect the different tissues. Different four antennas are
simulated with basic structure of microstrip rectangular patch
antenna with gap which operating at 2.45GHZ is verified to
prefer the most suitable one, and it has been manufactured, in
order to test the effect of detection. The result that we have
tested with different tissues is feasible, it shows that the value
has big different between tissue binside and without any other
tissue. From the result of simulation and experiment test we
can get conclusion that in this work the rectangular patch
antenna with gap is able to differentiate the tissues with
different electrical properties.

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