See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/364114189

Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless

communication systems

Article in Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics · October 2022

DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i6.3955

CITATIONS READS

67 8,641

2 authors:

Md. Sohel Rana Md. Mostafizur Rahman

Northern University of Business & Technology Khulna Khulna University of Enginering & Technology (KUET)
51 PUBLICATIONS 442 CITATIONS 33 PUBLICATIONS 363 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

All content following this page was uploaded by Md. Sohel Rana on 07 October 2022.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Vol. 11, No. 6, December 2022, pp. 3329~3337
ISSN: 2302-9285, DOI: 10.11591/eei.v11i6.3955  3329

Design and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless

communication systems

Md. Sohel Rana, Md. Mostafizur Rahman Smieee

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: Due to lower latency, greater transmission speed, wider bandwidth, and the
possibility to connect with greater multiple devices, fifth-generation (5G)
Received Apr 14, 2022 networks are far better than 4G. In this study, a microstrip patch antenna
Revised Jul 6, 2022 operating at 28 GHz is investigated and modeled for future 5G
Accepted Aug 25, 2022 communication technologies. The substrate used in this work for the antenna
is Rogers RT/Duroid5880. Dielectric of the substrate is 2.2 and thickness is
0.3451 mm. CST software is used to simulate the antenna as it is convenient
Keywords: to use. From the simulation, the return loss, gain, radiation efficiency, side-
lobe level was found to be -38.348 dB, 8.198dB, 77%, and -18.3 dB
28 GHz respectively. The result found from this simulation is better than the works
5G took place in the past. As a result, it can be utilized as a capable candidate
Microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless technology. The results of this proposed antenna are superior
wireless to those of existing antennas published in recent scientific journals. As a
Rogers RT/Duroid5880 result, it's likely that this antenna will meet the needs of 5G wireless
communication systems.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license.

Corresponding Author:
Md. Sohel Rana
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Khulna University of Engineering and Technology
Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
Email: sohel.rana@uits.edu.bd

1. INTRODUCTION
Microstrip patch antennas play an increasingly important part in current wireless communication
systems. There are many different types of antennas, some of which are folding dipole antennas, slot
antennas, patch antennas, and parabolic reflectors. Each variety of antennas has its own set of characteristics
as well as a particular application. We may say that antennas are the backbone of practically everything in
wireless communication, without which the world could not have reached this age of technology and there
are different types of applications in the current age of technology [1].
Radio frequency (RF) and wireless communication technologies are now widely utilized in
everyday human activities and various industrial applications. Many wireless communication technologies
have arisen in recent years, including wireless local area network, wireless interoperability for microwave
access, wireless broadband, and so on. The microstrip patch antenna is a good fit for RF communication
system needs, and it has poor gain, a disordered radiation pattern, and limited bandwidth [2].
Researchers and scientists have been engaged in this topic because of the extensive range of
wireless applications. Many researchers have published the concept of a microstrip patch antenna, which may
be produced on printed circuit boards and is a new technology in electronics [3]. These are extremely
important in today's wireless communication systems. The term "antenna" is derived from the Latin word

Journal homepage: http://beei.org

3330  ISSN: 2302-9285

"antenna." The IEEE defines an antenna as “a component of a transmitting or receiving system designed to
radiate or receive electromagnetic waves”.
Microstrip antennae are extremely simple to build using a traditional microstrip fabrication
technique. A substrate with a higher dielectric constant must be used to design a compact microstrip patch
antenna, resulting in lower efficiency. In the era of modern technology, applications of fifth-generation (5G)
are growing fast. It can provide many services, such as medical treatment and remote control of industrial
equipment. It also improves the safety of society ensuring security and boosts the development of the
economic growth of a country. As we step into the 4th industrial revolution, the demand of people across the
world have increased to a large extend which can be served only by 5G applications.
The 5G wireless communication system has become the most significant part of our life. In our day-
to-day life, all most all the devices are dependent on it. 4G systems cannot provide the demand of the people
across the world due to its low speed, unstable connections, and loss of streaming capabilities. Whereas 5G is
able to provide high speed, stable connections, and higher bandwidth, and most importantly, the transmission
delay is much less as compared to 4G. 5G networks will be used by industries and consumers in many
purposes, especially in wireless devices.
A microstrip patch antenna can be a great deal for the 5G applications [4]. It can provide higher
bandwidth, higher efficenciy, low power consumption and high gain [5], [6]. To ensure maximum energy,
high gain is a must in antenna technology. In this work, Rogers is used as a substrate as it has the capability
to work at a higher frequency [7]. This work designs and analyzes a microstrip patch antenna for 5G
communication, which is designed to resonate at 28 GHz.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Patch antennas have a very important function to fulfill in the world of wireless communication
networks that we live in today. The building of a microstrip patch antenna is fairly straightforward and it
employs a microstrip fabrication method that is more commonly used. The patch can be configured in any
way imaginable; however, the rectangular and circular configurations are the ones that are used the most
frequently. These patch antennas are put to use in the simplest way possible for the broadest range of
applications that are also the most demanding [1]. This section discusses the technical work of different
papers of microstrip patch antennas.
A broadband elliptical-shaped slot antenna that can be used for future wireless applications of the
5G is proposed in this article [8]. The suggested antenna for 5G communication achieves a broadband
impedance bandwidth of greater than 67 percent (from 20 GHz to beyond 40 GHz) at S11 values of less than
-10 dB. The bandwidth that was accomplished is sufficient to span both of the forthcoming 5G bands
(28/38 GHz). The suggested antenna possesses almost omnidirectional patterns, relatively flat gain, and good
radiation efficiency across the frequency band, with the exception of the band that would be rejected.
In this study, [9] different designs for rectangular microstrip antennas are presented. One of the
typical frequencies for 5G communications is 28 GHz and these antennas all operate at that frequency. In
order to achieve more accurate impedance matching, an array arrangement makes use of a corporate feeding
network. It enhances performance factors such as returns loss characteristics, impedance bandwidth, gain,
and radiation pattern. Other performance metrics that benefit from this are gain and directivity. In conclusion,
this eight-element microstrip patch array that has been proposed along with its modified corporate feeding is
an excellent option for potential future 5G applications.
This article presents [10] a dual-band printed slot antenna as a potential solution for 5G mobile
network infrastructure in the future. The suggested antenna offers almost omnidirectional patterns, relatively flat
gain, and good radiation efficiency across the entire frequency band, with the exception of the band that would
be rejected. The suggested dual-band antenna has been shown to have a dual-band response for the 5G system at
both 28 and 38 GHz, as shown by the results of simulations. An L-shaped slot is etched out in the feed line to
form a notched band in the frequency range of 30–35 GHz. This is done to limit the amount of interference that
occurs between the 5G system and other applications. The dual-band antennas that are being considered have a
gain of up to 7 dBi, although there is a significant decrease in the notched-frequency band near 31 GHz.
The investigations conducted [11] in this study focused on utilizing a wide variety of microstrip
antenna configurations. Antenna performance can be evaluated based on several critical characteristics,
including return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), bandwidth, resonant frequency, and gain. A
return loss of less than -10 dB is considered to be an outstanding value. The value range of VSWR that is
taken into consideration is 1-2. CST microwave studio is a cutting-edge software application that enables
users to create and evaluate a wide variety of antennas, filters, and other types of devices.
For use in 5G communication applications, the study describes [12] a high-gain linear 1×4 antenna
array that is constructed utilizing a circular slotted patch. The suggested antenna has been developed for a

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 11, No. 6, December 2022: 3329-3337
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285  3331

frequency of 28 GHz and is capable of supporting TM11 as a fundamental mode when it is tuned to
resonance. The concept of the proposed antenna has been validated through the use of a vector network
analysers (VNA) and an anechoic chamber to characterize the prototype of the antenna. The suggested array
antenna has a central frequency of 28 GHz, a return loss of 16 dB, and an impedance bandwidth of 10 dB that
spans 10 percent of the millimeter-wave band between 24.6 and 27.24 GHz.
Research by Al-Gburi et al. [13], 3.5 GHz hexagonal microstrip patch antennas are designed and
simulated. Four types of antennas, from single elements to 1×8 arrays, were simulated using CST software.
The proposed 1×8 array antenna has a microstrip feed line. Its directional radiation helps the base station
provide high-quality, high-capacity network connectivity. This antenna is for long-distance point-to-point
connections. The final antenna had a 6.938 dB gain at 3.5 GHz and a -10 dB return loss.
According to the research paper [14], the antenna operates at 27.97 GHz and has a directivity of
7.6 dB, a bandwidth of 1.06 GHz, 7.5 dB, and a reflection coefficient of -20.95 dB. Additionally, its
efficiency is 99.98%. An investigation into the design of patch antennas for use in 5G wireless
communication systems is provided here.
In this study [15], a microstrip patch antenna serves as a communication device that is examined for
one-band and dual-band communication at higher frequencies. This research was carried out in the United
States (mm-waves). This is a dual-band version of the U-shaped slotted microstrip patch antenna with
working bands of 28 GHz and 38 GHz. The Rogers RT 5880 material, which has a dielectric constant of
2.2, was utilized across the entirety of the antenna substrate during the design process. At a frequency of
28 GHz, the antenna had a return loss of -32 dB, while at a frequency of 38 GHz, it was -40 dB. Simulations
showed that the proposed dual band would have a gain of 7.92 dB at 38 GHz and 6.7 dB at 28 GHz.
For the purpose of mmWave wireless communication, a square-slotted microstrip patch antenna
with a resonance frequency of 37 GHz is presented in this study [16]. The radiating patch is loaded atop the
antenna, which comprises of an H-slot and an inverted T-slot. Using the electromagnetic simulation software
CST microwave studio, the suggested antenna has been built and investigated on the Rogers RT5880
substrate, which has a relative permittivity of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009, respectively. A minimal return
loss of -43.05 dB, a gain of 8.18 dB, and an impedance bandwidth of 16.22 percent were found to exist at the
resonant frequency of 37 GHz in this paper's findings.
In this paper [17], a 1×2 array microstrip rectangular patch antenna consisting of two elements is
designed. The patch on the antenna is 19.5 millimeters by 26.5 millimeters, and it has a frequency of
3.5 GHz and array size of 1×2. The design of the antenna is created in a simulation that operates at a
frequency of 3.5 GHz; the substrate material is made of flame retardant (FR) 4, which has a constant of 4.3,
and the patch materials are built of copper. The frequency at which the simulation operates is 3.5 GHz.
This article presents [18] the design and analysis of a microstrip patch antenna for use in 5G
applications that operate in the frequency range of 24.5 to 50 GHz for 5G waves. using high frequency
structure simulator (HFSS) software, a simulation and analysis of this design have been performed. The
proposed antenna was successful in resonating at three different frequencies: 31 GHz, 34.2 GHz, and
38.4 GHz by employing slotting techniques with favorable return loss, favorable gain, and VSWR less than
2. This concept is beneficial for establishing wireless communications and gaining access to the internet at a
fast speed.

3. ANTENNA DESIGN
A microstrip patch antenna is most typically employed to radiate the electromagnetic wave into
space in wireless communication. Ground, substrate, patch, and feed are the four main components of a
microstrip patch antenna. It comes in various shapes, including square, ellipse, circular, rectangular, and ring,
and consists of a dielectric constant on one side and a ground plane on the other. Microstrip patch antennas
are utilized in various application including automotive, logistics tracking, global positioning system (GPS),
and microwave communication. Figure 1 shows a microstrip antenna with W as the width, L as the length,
and ε𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 as the effective dielectric constant of the rectangular patch [3].
This section discusses the design and development of a patch antenna for wireless communication
because it is well known that it can be mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) for various communication
devices. As a result, researchers devised different patch antenna designs for wireless applications with this in
mind. IE3D, HFSS, CST, MATLAB, and other simulation software are available for designing, simulating,
and analyzing microstrip antennas. Figure 2 shows the dimensions of the antenna, including the length, and
width of the ground, patch, substrate, and feed line. To design, develop, and simulate the micro strip patch
antenna, CST microwave studio was used. This paper used RT/Duroid5880 as the substrate material in this
proposed prototype patch antenna design, which dielectric of the substrate is 2.2 and thickness is 0.3451 mm.
Figure 3 shows the simulation of the microstrip patch antenna.

Design and analysis of microstirp patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems (Md. Sohel Rana)
3332  ISSN: 2302-9285

Figure 1. Microstrip patch antenna Figure 2. IEEE 33-bus radial system

Figure 3. Simulation of the microstrip patch antenna in CST

The following equations are used in this work to calculate the parameters [19], [20].
a. Microstrip patch antenna width
𝑐0
𝑊𝑝 = 𝜀 +1
(1)
2𝑓𝑟 √ 𝑟
2

b. The effective dielectric constant

𝜀𝑟 +1 𝜀𝑟 −1 ℎ −.5
𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 = + (1 + 12 ∗ ) (2)
2 2 𝑤

c. Extended length
𝑐𝑜
𝐿𝑒𝑥𝑡 = (3)
2𝑓𝑟 √𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓

The following equation is used to get rid of the fringing effect, and thus, the actual length of the
patch is obtained.
𝑤
( +.264)(𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 +.3)
ℎ
∆𝐿 = 0.412 𝑤 (4)
(𝜀𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑓 −.258)( +.813)
ℎ

𝐿 = 𝐿𝑒𝑥𝑡 − 2∆𝐿 (5)

A 50-ohm inset feed transmission feed line was used to connect to the patch of the antenna.
d. Feed line width
7.48ℎ
𝑊𝑓 = 𝜀 +1.41 − 1.25𝑡 (6)
(𝑧0 √ 𝑟87 )
𝑒

The measurements of the antenna are included in Table 1. Both the width and the length of the
ground are denoted by the notation Wg and Lg, respectively. Besides, antenna patch width (𝑊𝑝 ), length (𝐿𝑝 )
along with height of substrate (𝐻𝑠 ) and thickness (t) are given. The values of the various components are
represented by some other parameters.

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 11, No. 6, December 2022: 3329-3337
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285  3333

Table 1. Antenna parameters after optimization

Parameter Dimension (mm)
Ground plane width, Wg 15.8
Ground plane length, Lg 9.83
Patch width, Wp 4.25
Patch length, Lp 3.5
Height of substrate, Hs 1.575
Feedline width, Wf 1.5
Feedline inspection, Fi 0.25
Ground thickness, t 0.035
Gap (patch – feedline) 0.783

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1. Return loss
The parameter was determined to be accurate based on the simulation's final results. The base value
is -10 dB, which is ideal for mobile or wireless technology. The antenna is tuned to the required frequency to
function properly. As can be seen in Figure 4, it runs at a frequency of 28 GHz. At this frequency, the return
loss was measured to be -38.348 dB. 𝑆11 parameter describes the return loss of the designed antenna. From
the Figure 4, value of the return loss at -10 dB is -38.348 dB which is very high ensuring perfect candidate
for 5G applications.

Figure 4. Return loss vs frequency of the antenna

4.2. Bandwidth
From the Figure 4 bandwidth of the antenna is 3.464 GHz between 26.327 GHz and 29.791 GHz.
For the 5G applications, higher bandwidth plays an important role. In this work, bandwidth achieved is
perfect for these applications.

4.3. Voltage standing wave ratio

VSWR is an important parameter to identify the antenna's performance as it describes how well the
impedance of the transmission line is matched. The bandwidth for the VSWR should be close to 1 to get
better performance. Figure 5 shows that the VSWR value is 1.024485 and it is very close to the ideal value
which is 1.

Figure 5. VSWR vs frequency of the microstirp patch antenna

Design and analysis of microstirp patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems (Md. Sohel Rana)
3334  ISSN: 2302-9285

4.4. Surface current, H field, and E field

The antenna's surface current, H field, and E field were observed and demonstrated in Figures 6-8.
The surface current is a real electric current that is caused by an applied electromagnetic field. The E-field is
a vector quantity, meaning it has a magnitude and a direction at each point in space. The performance of a
microstrip antenna is significantly influenced by fringe fields. The electric field at the patch's center is zero
with microstrip antennas. The fringing field between the patch's periphery and the ground plane is
responsible for the radiation. H Field represents the magnetic strength of the antenna.

Figure 6. Surface current distribution of the antenna

Figure 7. H field of the antenna

Figure 8. E field of the antenna

4.5. Gain and performance

The radiation pattern is an important feature since it demonstrates the overall performance of an
antenna. Figure 9 shows the 3D radiation pattern of the microstrip patch antenna. From the figure, the gain is
8.2 dBi and the radiation efficiency is 77% which is very effective for 5G technology. In addition to that, from
Figure 10, the main-lobe direction, angular width (3 dB), and side-lobe level are 11.0 degree, 72.5 degree, and
-13.8 respectively. Table 2 summarizes the simulation results for the antenna designed and the previous
scientific works. While propagating into the antenna, it results in impedance mismatch which is responsible for
power consumption. Optimal design results in minimal power consumption reduced heating, and consistent
data transfer. If the impedance is matched, it results in desired low VSWR which enables maximum power

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 11, No. 6, December 2022: 3329-3337
Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285  3335

from the source to the load. From Table 2, compared with the previous works [21], [22], it is crystal clear that
the studied antenna shows lower return loss. Moreover, it gives a lower VSWR than that of previous works
[21], [23] took place. All the antenna parameters have been optimized in a way so that the studied antenna can
achieve better performance in terms of gain and bandwidth. Table 2 shows that the bandwidth is greater than
that of the antennas mentioned in [21], [22]. In comparison with the gain, the rectangular microstrip patch
antenna in this paper performs better than the designs reported in [21], [22]. In general, the designed microstrip
patch antenna performs exceedingly well when compared to previous works reported.

Figure 9. Antenna 3D radiation pattern

Figure 10. The microstirp patch antenna's 2D radiation pattern

Table 2. The findings of this research, as well as prior research on microstrip patch antennas, are presented
Ref. 𝑆11 (dB) Gain VSWR BW
[2] -13.48 6.63 1.538 0.847 GHz
[3] -18.27 4.46 2.13 0.2 GHz
[17] -12.54 5.5 1.6 3.5 GHz
[24] -19.61 6.58 1.82 10 GHz
[25] - 9.21 - 27.3 GHz
[26] -35 2.73 Less than 2 915 MHz
[27] -20.03 5.23 1.22 2.11 GHz
[28] -48.877 6.51 1.0072 3.088 GHz
[29] -32.159 8.07 1.1429 3.848 GHz
[30] -18.117 7.486 - 21.06 GHz
[31] - 7.46 - -
[32] -33.4 10 - 3.5 GHz
[33] -17.4 6.72 1.27 28 GHz
[34] -42 9.82 - 1.29 GHz
[35] -16 2.28 - 1.44 GHz
[36] -43 7.69 - 0.769 GHz
[37] -40.28 5.8 1.02 200 MHz
[38] -22.10 3.53 1.16 27.7 GHz
[40] -14.15 7.77 1.48 28 GHz
This work -38.348 8.2 1.0244 3.464 GHz

5. CONCLUSION
For 5G technology, a compact-sized microstrip patch antenna is studied with a view to achieving
high gain resonating at 28.08 GHz. According to the research, the gain, return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, and
Design and analysis of microstirp patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems (Md. Sohel Rana)
3336  ISSN: 2302-9285

radiation efficiency found are 8.2, 38.348 dB, 3.464 GHz, 1.0244, and 77% respectively. These results show
that the designed antenna is well built to be used in 5G technology. A further enhancement is possible by
using different methods such as circular and ring-type array patches. Future research can use a variety of
approaches and materials to produce good outcomes. The simulated results demonstrate that the proposed
antenna could be a good contender for wireless communication systems. It can be built in the future to
compare actual results to simulated results.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Very thankful to Prof. Dr. Md. Mostafizur Rahman, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh, is grateful for his
valuable suggestions and constant encouragement.

REFERENCES
[1] Y. S. H. Khraisat, ‘‘Design of 4 elements rectangular microstrip patch antenna with high gain for 2.4 GHz applications,’’ Modern
Applied Science, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 68, 2012, doi: 10.5539/mas.v6n1p68.
[2] R. K. Bajpai, R. Paulus, A. Singh, and M. Aneesh, ‘‘Review: dual band microstrip antennas for wireless applications,’’
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS), vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 143-151, Jun. 2018, doi:
10.11591/ijaas.v7.i2.pp143-151.
[3] A. Kaur and D. Parkash, ‘‘Design of dual-band microstrip patch antenna with chair shape slot for wireless application,’’
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 728-731, 2017, doi: 10.17577/ijertv6is040570.
[4] T. S. Rappaport et al., "Millimeter wave mobile communications for 5G cellular: it will work!," in IEEE Access, vol. 1, pp. 335-
349, 2013, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2260813.
[5] M. Attaran, ‘‘The impact of 5G on the evolution of intelligent automation and industry digitization,’’ Journal of Ambient
Intelligence and Humanized Computing, Feb. 2021, pp. 1-17, doi: 10.1007/s12652-020-02521-x.
[6] S. Ershadi, A. Keshtkar, A. H. Abdelrahman, and H. Xin, ‘‘Wideband high gain antenna subarray for 5G applications,’’ Progress
in Electromagnetics Research C, vol. 78, pp. 33–46, 2017, doi: 10.2528/pierc17061301.
[7] D. A. Outerelo, A. V. Alejos, M. G. Sanchez, and M. V. Isasa, "Microstrip antenna for 5G broadband communications: Overview
of design issues," 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science
Meeting, 2015, pp. 2443-2444, doi: 10.1109/APS.2015.7305610.
[8] M. M. M. Ali, O. Haraz, S. Alshebeili, and A. Sebak, "Broadband printed slot antenna for the fifth generation (5G) mobile and
wireless communications," 2016 17th International Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics (ANTEM),
2016, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.1109/ANTEM.2016.7550106.
[9] M. F. Abdulmajid, ‘‘Study and analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G applications,’’ WSEAS
Transactions on Communications, vol. 20, pp. 6–11, 2021, doi: 10.37394/23204.2021.20.2.
[10] O. M. Haraz, M. M. M. Ali, S. Alshebeili, and A. Sebak, "Design of a 28/38 GHz dual-band printed slot antenna for the future 5G
mobile communication networks," 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National
Radio Science Meeting, 2015, pp. 1532-1533, doi: 10.1109/APS.2015.7305155
[11] R. Tiwari, R. Sharma, and R. Dubey, ‘‘Microstrip patch antenna array design anaylsis for 5G communication applications,’’
Smart Moves Journal Ijoscience, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 1–5, 2020, doi: 10.24113/ijoscience.v6i5.287.
[12] P. Gupta and V. Gupta, ‘‘Linear 1×4 microstrip antenna array using slotted circular patch for 5G communication applications,’’
Wireless Personal Communications, 2022, pp. 1-17, doi: 10.1007/s11277-022-09896-4.
[13] A. J. A. Al-Gburi, Z. Zakaria, I. M. Ibrahim, and E. B. A. Halim, ‘‘Microstrip patch antenna arrays design for 5G wireless
backhaul application at 3.5 GHz,’’ Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2022, pp. 77–88, doi: 10.1007/978-981-16-9781-4_9
[14] S. E. Didi, I. Halkhams, M. Fattah, Y. Balboul, S. Mazer, and M. E. Bekkali, ‘‘Design of a microstrip antenna patch with a
rectangular slot for 5G applications operating at 28 GHz,’’ TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and
Control), vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 527-536, 2022, doi: 10.12928/telkomnika.v20i3.23159.
[15] W. Hussain, ‘‘Multiband microstrip patch antenna for 5G wireless communication,’’ International Journal of Engineering Works,
vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 15–21, 2020, doi: 10.34259/ijew.20.7011521.
[16] S. M. Shamim, U. S. Dina, N. Arafin, and S. Sultana, ‘‘Design of efficient 37 GHz millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna for
5G mobile application,’’ Plasmonics, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1417–1425, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s11468-021-01412-x.
[17] A. Irfansyah, B. B. Harianto, and N. Pambudiyatno, ‘‘Design of rectangular microstrip antenna 1x2 array for 5G communication,’’
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2117, no. 1, p. 012028, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2117/1/012028.
[18] M. S. K. L. Rani, K. Bhagyasri, K. N. L. Madhuri, K. V. Lakshmi, and M. Hemalatha, ‘‘Design and implementation of triple
frequency microstrip patch antenna for 5G communications,’’ International Journal of Communication and Computer
Technologies, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 11-17, 2022, doi: 10.31838/ijccts/10.01.04.
[19] A. Derneryd, "A theoretical investigation of the rectangular microstrip antenna element," in IEEE Transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 532-535, July 1978, doi: 10.1109/TAP.1978.1141890.
[20] M. Kara, ‘‘Closed-form expressions for the resonant frequency of rectangular microstrip antenna elements with thick substrates,’’
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 131–136, 1996, doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(19960620).
[21] V. G. Prachi and S. Vijay, ‘‘A novel design of compact 28 GHz printed wideband antenna for 5G applications,’’ International
Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 3696–3700, 2020, doi:
10.35940/ijitee.c9011.019320.
[22] S. Johari, M. A. Jalil, S. I. Ibrahim, M. N. Mohammad, and N. Hassan, ‘‘28 GHz microstrip patch antennas for future 5G,’’
Journal of Engineering and Science Research, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.26666/rmp.jesr.2018.4.1.
[23] O. Darboe, D. B. O Konditi, and F. Manene, “A 28 GHz rectangular MSPA for 5G applications,” International Journal of
Engineering Research and Technology. vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 854-857, 2019
[24] N. C. Okoro and L. I. Oborkhale, ‘‘Design and simulation of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for X-band application,’’
Umudike Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 21, no 3, pp. 1–8, 2021, doi: 10.33922/j.ujet_si1_10.

Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf, Vol. 11, No. 6, December 2022: 3329-3337
 Bulletin of Electr Eng & Inf ISSN: 2302-9285  3337

[25] M. Li, ‘‘Broadband 5G millimeter wave microstrip antenna design,’’ International Journal of Computer Applications Technology
and Research, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 311–314, 2019, doi: 10.7753/ijcatr0808.1003.
[26] S. Srivastava and D. Somwanshi, "Design and analysis of rectangular microstrip patch antenna for ZigBee applications," 2015
IEEE International Symposium on Nanoelectronic and Information Systems, 2015, pp. 257-261, doi: 10.1109/iNIS.2015.25.
[27] M. S. Rana and M. M. Rahman, "Study of microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication system," 2022 International
Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT), 2022, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICONAT53423.2022.9726110.
[28] M. S. Rana and M. M. Rahman, "Design and performance analysis of a necklace-shape slotted microstrip antenna for future high-
band 5G applications," 2022 International Mobile and Embedded Technology Conference (MECON), 2022, pp. 57-60, doi:
10.1109/MECON53876.2022.9752041.
[29] M. S. Rana and M. M. Rahman, ‘‘Design and performance evaluation of a hash-shape slotted microstrip antenna for future high-
speed 5G wireless communication technology,’’ 2022 6th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics
(ICOEI), 2022, pp. 668-671, doi: 10.1109/icoei53556.2022.9776929.
[30] N. H. Biddut, M. E. Haque, and N. Jahan, "A wide band microstrip patch antenna design using multiple slots at V-band," 2022
International Mobile and Embedded Technology Conference (MECON), 2022, pp. 113-116, doi:
10.1109/MECON53876.2022.9751951.
[31] S. Chaudhary and A. Kansal, ‘‘Compact high gain 28, 38 GHz antenna for 5G communication,’’ International Journal of
Electronics, 2022, pp. 1–21, doi: 10.1080/00207217.2022.2068201.
[32] J. Colaco and R. Lohani, "Design and implementation of microstrip circular patch antenna for 5G applications," 2020 International
Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering, 2020, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ICECCE49384.2020.9179263.
[33] R. K. Goyal and U. S. Modani, "A compact microstrip patch antenna at 28 GHz for 5G wireless applications," 2018 3rd
International Conference and Workshops on Recent Advances and Innovations in Engineering (ICRAIE), 2018, pp. 1-2, doi:
10.1109/ICRAIE.2018.8710417.
[34] M. M. A. Faisal, M. Nabil, and M. Kamruzzaman, "Design and simulation of a single element high gain microstrip patch antenna
for 5G wireless communication," 2018 International Conference on Innovations in Science, Engineering and Technology
(ICISET), 2018, pp. 290-293, doi: 10.1109/ICISET.2018.8745567.
[35] M. S. Ibrahim, "Dual-band microstrip antenna for the fifth generation indoor/outdoor wireless applications," 2018 International
Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), 2018, pp. 1-2, doi: 10.23919/ROPACES.2018.8364097.
[36] S. Kumar and A. Kumar, "Design of circular patch antennas for 5G applications," 2019 2nd International Conference on
Innovations in Electronics, Signal Processing and Communication, 2019, pp. 287-289, doi: 10.1109/IESPC.2019.8902384.
[37] A. B. Sahoo, N. Patnaik, A. Ravi, S. Behera, and B. B. Mangaraj, "Design of a miniaturized circular microstrip patch antenna for
5G applications," 2020 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Information Technology and Engineering (ic-ETITE),
2020, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/ic-ETITE47903.2020.374.
[38] M. A. Jiddney, M. Z. Mahmud, M. Rahman, L. C. Paul, and M. T. Islam, "A circular shaped microstrip line fed miniaturized
patch antenna for 5G applications," 2020 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Industry 4.0 (STI), 2020,
pp. 1-4, doi: 10.1109/STI50764.2020.9350513.
[39] M. Kavitha, T. D. Kumar, A. Gayathri, and V. Koushick, “28 GHz printed antenna for 5G communication with improved gain
using arrays,” International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 5127-5133, Mar. 2020.

BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS

Md. Sohel Rana received a BSc Engineer degree in Electrical and Electronic
Engineering from Prime University (PU), Bangladesh in 2015. He received a Master's degree
in Telecommunication Engineering from the University of Information Technology and
Sciences (UITS), Bangladesh, in 2018. Another master's degree was received from
Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Bangladesh in 2022. He is currently studying
for a Ph.D. program at Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET),
Bangladesh in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering. His research
interests include microstrip patch antennas, image processing, renewable energy, and power
electronics. At present he is working as a lecturer in Northern University of Businesss and
Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh. He can be contacted at email: sohel.rana@uits.edu.bd.

Dr. Md. Mostafizur Rahman Smieee received the Ph.D degree in Electrical,
Electronic and Computer System Engineering (EECE) from Akita University, Japan in
February, 2011. He received a master's degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)
from Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Bangladesh in 2005. Before
this he received the B.Sc engineering degree in EEE from Bangladesh Institute of Technology
(BIT), Rajshahi in 1992. He is a senior member of IEEE and life fellow of Engineering
Institute of Bangladesh. He is also the member of Canadian council of professional engineers
(CCPE). His research interests include antennas, electromagnetic hand motion capture system
and wireless communications. At present he is working as a professor in the Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering (ECE) of KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh from
2012. He can be contacted at email: mostafiz963@yahoo.com.

Design and analysis of microstirp patch antenna for 5G wireless communication systems (Md. Sohel Rana)

View publication stats