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Indian Ocean Politics PDF

The document discusses cooperation and competition in the Indian Ocean region. It outlines the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean due to the significant trade that passes through it. It also notes ongoing regional conflicts and global power competition between the US and China. India has taken steps to strengthen its navy and nuclear capabilities in order to establish dominance in the region and counter China's growing influence. Pakistan is also strengthening its navy and pursuing nuclear capabilities in response to India's actions. Key locations in the Indian Ocean region are mentioned.

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Asma Rais
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196 views21 pages

Indian Ocean Politics PDF

The document discusses cooperation and competition in the Indian Ocean region. It outlines the strategic importance of the Indian Ocean due to the significant trade that passes through it. It also notes ongoing regional conflicts and global power competition between the US and China. India has taken steps to strengthen its navy and nuclear capabilities in order to establish dominance in the region and counter China's growing influence. Pakistan is also strengthening its navy and pursuing nuclear capabilities in response to India's actions. Key locations in the Indian Ocean region are mentioned.

Uploaded by

Asma Rais
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COOPERATION

AND
COMPETITION IN
INDIAN OCEAN
LOCATION
IMPORTANCE
CONNECTIVITY
⦿ Indian ocean with Pacific Ocean

⦿ Indian Ocean with Atlantic Ocean

⦿ Indian Ocean with Mediterranean Sea


TRADE
⦿ 70 percent of world trade from West to East and
East to West.

⦿ More than 80% of World’s oil trade.

⦿ 83 % of Chinese oil exports pass from this India


Ocean
Conflict in Indian Ocean
⦿ Regional Conflicts:
⚫ India Pakistan
⚫ Civil War in Yemen
⚫ Issue of Pirates
⚫ Iran-Saudi Rivalry
⦿ Global Conflict :
⚫ US and China
Indian Policy in Indian
Ocean
⦿ OBJECTIVES:
⚫ Hegemony: Why ?
○ To counter China (String of Pearls)
○ Natural Claim (India’s Ocean)

⦿ STEPS:
⚫ Constructing 4 ports
⚫ Building Alliances
○ Quad (2007):
It was conceived after the 2004 Tsunami relief efforts,
consummated in 2007, collapsed quickly thereafter,
and then following a decade of advocacy, track-two
fora, and scholarship, revived in 2017 with Australia
re-joining it to counter growing Chinese Influence in the
region.
○ LEMOA (2016):
Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement. A
bilateral military logistic agreement between US and
India.
⦿ COMCASA (2018): Communication compatibility
and Security Agreement. A bilateral military
intelligence agreement between US and India.
Under this: 1. US and India shall share military
intelligence, 2. US allowed India to purchase
Intelligence gathering technologies from US

⦿ BECA (Proposed): Basic Exchange and


Cooperation Agreement. A proposed
military-space cooperation
⦿ Strengthening Navy
⚫ 1st Aircraft Carrier from UK in 1960s
⚫ 2nd from Russia in 1990s
⚫ 3rd indigenous in 2007
⚫ Currently manufacturing 3 more
⚫ Negotiating with US to purchase one more
⚫ US sold India Unarmed and Armed Drones in 2017 and
2019 respectively. These drones specialize in maritime
operations.
⚫ US sold India ATAC Helicopters in 2019. They are
multirole: Rescue, Transportation and Anti-ship and
Anti-submarine Missile systems
⦿ Nuclear Capability
⚫ India tested SLBM in April 2016
⚫ India Posses Nuclear Triad and Second
Strike Capability from Sea
⚫ India possesses Nuclear armed and Nuclear
Powered Submarine named as Arihant
⚫ India is currently manufacturing four more
such submarines
⚫ India signed agreement with Russia to
acquire Nuclear submarine on lease for 30
year in 2019
PAKISTAN’S RESPONSE
(Defensive)
⦿ Gawadar Port as alternative to Karachi port with
Chinese help
⦿ Strengthening Navy
⚫ 2 Naval Warships from China (2018)
⚫ Agreement to purchase 8 submarines from
China in 2017 with transfer of Technology
⚫ Negotiating to purchase first ever Aircraft Carrier
from China
⚫ Agreement to purchase 4 submarines from
Turkey in 2017
⦿ Nuclear Capability: Pakistan tested SLBM in
January 2017
KEY PLACES IN INDIAN
OCEAN

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