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Sugarcane: Dr. M. K. Kale J.E.S. College Jalna

Sugarcane is a cash crop primarily grown for sugar production. It originates from New Guinea and North-East India. The document discusses three main cultivated species - Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum barberi, and Saccharum sinensis. S. officinarum has the highest sugar content and yields, while S. barberi matures earlier and has wider adaptability. Characteristics like sugar content, disease resistance, and yields are evaluated when developing new sugarcane varieties. Important sugarcane research institutes are located in India. The most common varieties grown in Maharashtra include CO-419, CO-7219, CO-740, and CO-853.

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Deepak Nirmal
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195 views8 pages

Sugarcane: Dr. M. K. Kale J.E.S. College Jalna

Sugarcane is a cash crop primarily grown for sugar production. It originates from New Guinea and North-East India. The document discusses three main cultivated species - Saccharum officinarum, Saccharum barberi, and Saccharum sinensis. S. officinarum has the highest sugar content and yields, while S. barberi matures earlier and has wider adaptability. Characteristics like sugar content, disease resistance, and yields are evaluated when developing new sugarcane varieties. Important sugarcane research institutes are located in India. The most common varieties grown in Maharashtra include CO-419, CO-7219, CO-740, and CO-853.

Uploaded by

Deepak Nirmal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SUGARCANE

Dr. M. K. Kale
J.E.S. College Jalna
SUGARCANE
Local Name : Oos
Family : Gramineae
Botanical Name : Saccharum officinarum
Origin : i) S. officinarum (Noble cane) -New Guinea
ii) S. barberiS. sinensis JIndian cane) -North-east India

Economic uses:
1. Sugarcane is a cash for crop gives ready case to the farmers.
2. It is mainely used for manufacture of jaggery (gull) and sugar.
3. It is used for preparation of juice (raswanti), syrup and also for chewing
purpose.
4. Various by-product like bagasse, immature tops, molasses, Pressmud
cake etc. obtained from cane are used for different purposes.
5. Immature green tops are used as fodder.
6. Bagasse is used as fuel and for making paper.
7. Molasses is used for preparing alcohol and other chemicals.
8. Pressmud cake is used as manure.
9. Trash is used for thatching of huts, mulching and composting.
10.The stubbles are used as fuel or for making compost.
Species of sugarcane:
A] Cultivated species:
i) Saccharum officinarum
ii) Saccharum barberi
iii) Saccharum sinensis.

B] Wild species:
i) Saccharum spontaneun
ii) Saccharum robustum.

Species characteristics:
i) Saccharuin officinarum:
1. It is locally known as pundia or pondya.
2. Stalk is thick with soft rind.
3. It has high sugar content.
4. It gives higher yields as compared to other species.
5. It is resistance to smut disease.
6. It is susceptible to red rot and mosaic disease.
ii) Saccharum sinensis:
1. It is known by Pansahi, nargori and mungo groups.
2. It is found in north India.
iii) Saccharum barberi:
1. It is known by saretha and sannabile groups.
2. It had wider adoptability so, it is grown all over India.
3 Stalk is thin and matures earlier.
4. It contains medium sugar.
5. It is poor in yield.
6. It is susceptible to smut disease.
7. It is resistance to red rot and mosaic diseases.

S. barberi and S. sinensis are called as Indian cane.


Indian cane is probably developed by natural hybridization between S.
officinarum and S. spontaneum.
Characteristics studied while releasing new sugarcane variety:
1. Tillering capacity.
2. Sugar and fibre percentage.
3. Maturity period.
4. Resistance to pests and diseases.
5. Resistance to lodging.
6. Yield of cane.
7. Height of cane.
8. Thickness of cane.
9. Length of internode.
10. Colour of cane.
11. Suitability of sugar and gul making.
12. Hardness for rind
13. Ratooning habit.
14. Adoptability under different soil and climatic conditions.
Sugarcane research institutes:
1. Sugarcane breeding institute station- Coimbatore (T.N.)
2. State sugarcane research station- Padegaon (Satara)
3. Deccan sugar institute-Manjari (Pune)
4. Indian Institute of Sugarcane research –Lucknow (U.P.)
5. National Sugar Institute-Kanpur (U.P.)
Varieties: Most common varieties of sugarcane grown in Maharashtra are:

CO-419 CO-7219 (Sanjivini)


CO-740 CO-M -7125 (Sampada)
CO-C -671 CO-M -88121 (Krishna)
CO-678 CO-86032 (Nira)
CO-775 CO-98071
CO-807 CO-62175
CO-853

Some of the old varieties are: Pundia, Kabirya, Khadya, Wansi and Karekabbu.

Meaning of the number given to verities:


From 1962 new release number of which CO stand for Coimbatore, first two number(digits)
indicate year of release and other number indicates the release number of that year.

For Example: CO62175


here- CO-means released from Coimbatore.
62 -means released in year 1962.
175 -means the release number of that year.
Thank You

By: Dr. M. K. Kale-JES College Jalna

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