CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY
NAME :- LALIT UID :- K24863
SECTION :- A
C O U R S E : - B . S C ( A G R I C U LT U R E ) ( H O N O R S )
SEMESTER/YEAR :- 4TH SEMESTER / 2ND YEAR
TOPIC :- SUGARCANE
S U B M I TT E D T O : - PA R KA S C H A N D C H A U D H A RY
Scientific Name: Saccharum officinarum
Family: Poaceae (Grass family)
Sugarcane Yield:
Average Yield:
The yield of sugarcane depends on several factors such as
climate, soil type, water management, and cultivation practices.
Typically, the average yield ranges from 60 to 100 tons per
hectare in regions with ideal conditions (tropical climates and
adequate water supply).
High-yielding conditions (with optimal management): 100–
150 tons per hectare or more.
Yield can be higher in areas where modern agricultural
practices, irrigation, and disease/pest control are effectively
managed.
Origin and Geographical Distribution
Origin of Sugarcane:
Originated in Southeast Asia, particularly in New
Guinea.
Cultivation dates back over 5,000 years.
Geographical Distribution:
Grown primarily in tropical and subtropical regions.
Major producers: Brazil, India, China, and Thailand.
India is the largest producer globally.
Grows in countries with warm temperatures and
sufficient rainfall.
Varieties of Sugarcane
Main Varieties : Saccharum officinarum –
High sucrose content, most commonly
cultivated.
Saccharum spontaneum – Wild species, used
for hybridization.
Saccharum barberi – Grown in parts of India,
known for lower sugar content.
Hybrid Varieties : Hybrids of Saccharum
officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum are
commonly used for better resistance to pests
and higher yields.
Economic Importance of Sugarcane
Global Economic Contribution : Major source of
sugar and biofuel (ethanol).
Raw material for various industries (alcohol, molasses,
and paper production).
Employment : Provides livelihoods for millions of
farmers worldwide.
Byproducts : Bagasse : Used for paper, fuel, and
board.
Molasses: Used in the production of alcohol, vinegar,
and animal feed.
Contribution to GDP:
In countries like India, Brazil, and China, sugarcane plays a
significant role in the agricultural sector's contribution to the GDP.
Soil and Climate Requirements
Soil:
Well-drained, fertile soils (loamy or sandy loam).
pH: 6.0 to 7.5.
Rich in organic matter for optimum growth.
Climate:
Tropical or subtropical climates with warm
temperatures (20°C to 32°C).
Requires 1000 to 2000 mm of annual rainfall, ideally
evenly distributed throughout the growing season.
Sugarcane needs a lot of sunshine and moisture for
optimum growth.
Cultural Practices - Seed and Sowing
Seed:
Propagated primarily by setts (cuttings from mature
sugarcane stalks).
Select healthy, disease-free canes with 2-3 buds per
sett.
Sowing:
Plant setts horizontally or slanted in furrows (rows) or
in pits.
Spacing varies based on variety and climate but
generally around 75-90 cm between rows.
Depth of planting is 5-10 cm to protect from pests and
ensure proper sprouting.
Cultural Practices - Weed Management
Weed Control:
Pre-planting: Use of herbicides to control weeds.
Post-planting: Manual weeding, mechanical tillage,
or herbicide application.
Regular cultivation between rows prevents weed
growth.
Weed Importance:
Weeds compete for water, nutrients, and sunlight,
reducing sugarcane yields.
Cultural Practices - Water Management
Water Requirements:Sugarcane requires
abundant water, particularly in the early stages.
Irrigation Methods:Drip irrigation: Efficient
water usage.
Flood irrigation: Common in large fields but
less water-efficient.
Sprinkler irrigation: Useful in areas with water
scarcity.
Water Conservation:Rainwater harvesting
techniques can be used in areas with
inconsistent rainfall.
Cultural Practices - Disease and Pest Management
Pests:Sugarcane Borers: Cause damage by burrowing
into the stem.
White Grubs: Feed on the roots, causing stunted
growth.
Aphids: Spread diseases and stunt plant growth.
Diseases:Red Rot: Fungal infection leading to stalk rot.
Top Shoot Borer: Infestation causes dieback of the top
of the cane.
Control Measures:Cultural control: Crop rotation and
resistant varieties.
Chemical control: Use of pesticides where necessary.
Biological control: Beneficial insects, such as parasitoid
wasps.
