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Diseases: Eye Examination

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who has completed medical school and 4-5 years of residency training in ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists are trained to use medications, lasers, and surgery to treat various eye diseases and conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. They also conduct research and subspecialize in specific areas of ophthalmology like cornea and external diseases, glaucoma, retina, or oculoplastics.

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88 views2 pages

Diseases: Eye Examination

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who has completed medical school and 4-5 years of residency training in ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists are trained to use medications, lasers, and surgery to treat various eye diseases and conditions such as cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. They also conduct research and subspecialize in specific areas of ophthalmology like cornea and external diseases, glaucoma, retina, or oculoplastics.

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rubie ann tillor
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Ophthalmology (/ˌɒfθælˈmɒlədʒi/)[1] is a branch of medicine and surgery which deals with the

diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders.[2] An ophthalmologist is a specialist in ophthalmology.


[3]
 The credentials include a degree in medicine, followed by additional four to five years of
ophthalmology residency training. Ophthalmology residency training programs may require a one-
year pre-residency training in internal medicine, pediatrics, or general surgery. Additional specialty
training (or fellowship) may be sought in a particular aspect of eye pathology.[4] Ophthalmologists are
allowed to use medications to treat eye diseases, implement laser therapy, and perform surgery
when needed.[5] Ophthalmologists may participate in academic research on the diagnosis and
treatment for eye disorders.[6]

Diseases[edit]
A partial list of the most common diseases treated by Ophthalmologists include:[7]

 Cataract
 Glaucoma
 Macular degeneration
 Diabetic retinopathy
 Dry eyes
 Strabismus (misalignment/deviation of eyes)
 Proptosis (bulged eyes)
 Excessive tearing (tear duct obstruction)
 Uveitis
 Eye tumors

Eye examination[edit]
Following are examples of methods of diagnosis performed in an eye examination

 Visual acuity
 Refraction
 Ocular tonometry to determine intraocular pressure
 Slit lamp examination
 Retina examination
Specialized tests[edit]
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a medical technological platform used to assess ocular
structures. The information is then utilized by physicians/doctors to assess staging of pathological
processes and confirm clinical diagnoses. Subsequent OCT scans are used to assess the efficacy
managing diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration and glaucoma.
Ultrasonography of the eyes may be performed.

Ophthalmic surgery[edit]
An ophthalmologist performing Lasik
For a comprehensive list of surgeries performed by ophthalmologists, see eye surgery.
Eye surgery, also known as ocular surgery, is surgery performed on the eye or its adnexa by an
ophthalmologist. The eye is a fragile organ, and requires extreme care before, during, and after a
surgical procedure. An eye surgeon is responsible for selecting the appropriate surgical procedure
for the patient, and for taking the necessary safety precautions.

Subspecialties[edit]
Ophthalmology includes subspecialities that deal either with certain diseases or diseases of certain
parts of the eye. Some of them are:[8]

 Anterior segment surgery
 Cornea, ocular surface, and external disease
 Glaucoma
 Medical retina, deals with treatment of retinal problems through non-surgical means.
 Vitreo-retinal surgery, deals with surgical management of retinal and posterior segment
diseases. Medical retina and vitreo-retinal surgery sometimes together are
called posterior segment subspecialisation.
 Neuro-ophthalmology
 Ocular oncology
 Oculoplastics and orbit surgery
 Ophthalmic pathology
 Paediatric ophthalmology/strabismus (misalignment of the eyes)
 Refractive surgery
 Uveitis
 Veterinary specialty training programs in veterinary ophthalmology exist in 

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