100% found this document useful (1 vote)
154 views9 pages

Communication Skills for Managers

This document provides an overview of communication principles and concepts. It defines communication as the exchange of thoughts and information through speech, writing or behavior. It discusses key aspects of the communication process including encoders, decoders, and message transmission. It also outlines 10 principles of good communication like clarifying ideas before communicating and ensuring actions support words. Additionally, it covers interpersonal communication, the importance of follow up, and how credibility impacts effective communication.

Uploaded by

Runa Jully
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100% found this document useful (1 vote)
154 views9 pages

Communication Skills for Managers

This document provides an overview of communication principles and concepts. It defines communication as the exchange of thoughts and information through speech, writing or behavior. It discusses key aspects of the communication process including encoders, decoders, and message transmission. It also outlines 10 principles of good communication like clarifying ideas before communicating and ensuring actions support words. Additionally, it covers interpersonal communication, the importance of follow up, and how credibility impacts effective communication.

Uploaded by

Runa Jully
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 9

$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ

Appendix A
Communication
Valerie Venters, CCC
Introduction

)LUVWGHILQHWKHWHUPcommunication$FFRUGLQJWR:HEVWHU¶V1HZ:RUOG'LFWLRQDU\FRPPXQLFDWLRQLV
WKHJLYLQJRUH[FKDQJLQJRIWKRXJKWVDQGLQIRUPDWLRQE\VSHHFKZULWLQJVRUEHKDYLRU 

:LWKLQDOOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVWKHUHLVDFRPPRQWKUHDGDVSHDNHURUZULWHU FDOOHGWKHVHQGHURUHQFRGHU 
DQGDUHFHLYHURUGHFRGHU FDOOHGWKHOLVWHQHURUUHDGHU 7KHsender LQLWLDWHVWKHSURFHVVE\FRQYH\LQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQWRWKH receiver7KH sender KDVDPHDQLQJKHVKHZLVKHVWRFRPPXQLFDWHDQGHQFRGHVWKH
PHDQLQJLQWRV\PEROVRUZRUGV7KHQWKHsender WUDQVPLWVRUVHQGVWKHPHVVDJHWKURXJKVRPHPHGLXP
VXFKDVYHUEDORUZULWWHQ 7KH receiver GHFRGHVWKHPHVVDJH UHDGVLW DQGDWWHPSWVWRLQWHUSUHWWKH
sender’s PHDQLQJ  

7KHVNLOOVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQDUHQHHGHGE\HYHU\SURIHVVLRQDOEXWDUHSDUWLFXODUO\LPSRUWDQWZKHQPDQ
DJLQJRWKHUV$VDPDQDJHU\RXUMRELVWRJHWWKLQJVGRQHWKURXJKRWKHUSHRSOH 7KLVPHDQVLGHDVPXVW
EHWUDQVPLWWHGDQGWKHGHVLUHGUHVXOWPXVWEHDFKLHYHG7KHVHLGHDVPXVWEHFRPPXQLFDWHGFOHDUO\E\WKH
sender VRWKHreceiver FDQDFFRPSOLVKWKHGHVLUHGUHVXOWV

Learning Objectives

$IWHUFRPSOHWLQJWKLVFKDSWHUUHDGHUVVKRXOGEHDEOHWR

‡ 8QGHUVWDQGWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIJRRGFRPPXQLFDWLRQV
‡ (QVXUHWKDWWKHPHVVDJHLVXQGHUVWRRGE\WKHUHFHLYHUUHJDUGLQJLWVSULPDU\REMHFWLYH V
‡ 8QGHUVWDQGWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQYHUEDODQGQRQYHUEDOODQJXDJHDQGKRZWKH\DI IHFWFRPPXQLFD
WLRQV
‡ 8QGHUVWDQGKRZWHFKQRORJ\KDVFKDQJHGFRPPXQLFDWLRQVHPDLOWHOHFRQIHUHQFLQJYLUWXDORI ILFH
‡ 8QGHUVWDQGKRZWRVWUXFWXUHDSURGXFWLYHPHHWLQJ
‡ 8QGHUVWDQGWKDWZKHQFRPPXQLFDWLQJOLVWHQLQJLVMXVWDVLPSRUWDQWDVVSHDNLQJ
‡ 8QGHUVWDQGWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIDFNQRZOHGJLQJWKHZRUNRIRWKHUVDQGDYRLGLQJSODJLDULVP
‡ 8QGHUVWDQGWKHFUXFLDOUROHHWKLFVSOD\VLQFRPPXQLFDWLRQV

Principles of Good Communication


7KHIROORZLQJSULQFLSOHVZHUHSUHSDUHGE\WKHVWDI IRIWKH([HFXWLYH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ&RXUVHRIWKH
$PHULFDQ0DQDJHPHQW$VVRFLDWLRQ7KHVHSULQFLSOHVDUHHVVHQWLDOIRUDOOPDQDJHUVDQGDUHWUXHZKHWKHU
WKHPHGLXPLVVSHDNLQJRUZULWLQJ
 6HHNWRFODULI\\RXULGHDVEHIRUHFRPPXQLFDWLQJ
 ([DPLQHWKHWUXHSXUSRVHRIHDFKFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
 &RQVLGHUWKHWRWDOSK\VLFDODQGKXPDQVHWWLQJZKHQHYHU\RXFRPPXQLFDWH
 &RQVXOWZLWKRWKHUVZKHUHDSSURSULDWHLQSODQQLQJFRPPXQLFDWLRQV
 %HPLQGIXOZKLOH\RXFRPPXQLFDWHRIWKHRYHUWRQHVDVZHOODVWKHEDVLFFRQWHQWRIWKHPHVVDJH
 7DNHWKHRSSRUWXQLW\ZKHQLWDULVHVWRFRQYH\VRPHWKLQJWRKHOSWKHUHFHLYHU
 )ROORZXS\RXUFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
 &RPPXQLFDWHIRUWRPRUURZDVZHOODVWRGD\
 %HVXUH\RXUDFWLRQVVXSSRUW\RXUZRUGV
 6HHNQRWRQO\WREHXQGHUVWRRGEXWWREHDJRRGOLVWHQHU

7KHsender RUVSHDNHUPXVWXQGHUVWDQGWKHWUXHSXUSRVHRIKLVKHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQEHIRUHWKHPHVVDJH
FDQEHFOHDUO\FRQYH\HGWRWKH receiver RUDXGLHQFH

$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ

7KHWRWDOSK\VLFDODQGKXPDQVHWWLQJVPXVWEHFRQGXFLYHWRWKHW\SHRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQGHVLUHG :KHQ
VSHDNLQJWRDQDXGLHQFHFRQVLGHUKRZWKHSK\VLFDODQGKXPDQVHWWLQJVFDQDIIHFWWKHPHVVDJHEHLQJVHQW
,VWKHPHHWLQJURRPWRRZDUP",VWKHPHHWLQJURRPWRRFROG"$UHWKHUHQRLVHVIURPWKHRXWVLGHKDOOZD\
FRPSHWLQJZLWKWKHVSHDNHU"$UHWKHFKDLUVYHU\XQFRPIRUWDEOH",VWKHVHDWLQJFRQILJXUDWLRQFRQGXFLYH
WRKHDULQJWKHVSHDNHU",PSRUWDQWPHHWLQJVEHWZHHQH[HFXWLYHVDQGFOLHQWVDUHQRWKHOGLQQRLV\URRPV
ZLWKORXGPXVLF%HDZDUHRIWKHSK\VLFDODQGKXPDQVHWWLQJVDQGKRZWKH\FRQWULEXWHWRWKHVXFFHVVRI
WKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQSURFHVV

7KHRYHUWRQHVDQGDFWLRQVRIDVSHDNHUFDQOHDYHWKHZURQJLPSUHVVLRQ,QRQHRIWKH86SUHVLGHQWLDO
GHEDWHVLQ*HRUJH%XVKORRNHGDWKLVZDWFK:HDOONQRZQRWKLQJZDVPRUHLPSRUWDQWWRKLPWKDQ
WKDWGHEDWH\HWWKDWVPDOOGLVWUDFWLRQLPSOLHGWRPLOOLRQVRIYRWHUVWKDWKHPLJKWKDYHKDGVRPHWKLQJPRUH
LPSRUWDQWWRGR

)ROORZLQJXSDFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVYHU\LPSRUWDQW0HHWLQJPLQXWHVDUHHVVHQWLDOWRFODULI\DQGGRFXPHQW
DOOFULWLFDOGLVFXVVLRQVDQGFRPPXQLFDWLRQV,WLVQRWQHFHVVDU\IRUPHHWLQJPLQXWHVWREHFRPSOLFDWHG
EXWVKRXOGEHFRQFLVHWRUHIOHFWWKHGLVFXVVLRQVDFWLRQDQGGHFLVLRQVRIWKHPHHWLQJ

7KHsender RIWKHFRPPXQLFDWLRQPXVWKDYHFUHGLELOLW\7KLVPHDQVWKHreceiver RUDXGLHQFHPXVWEHOLHYH


WKHsender LVWUXVWZRUWK\7RJDLQWKHWUXVWRIWKHreceiver RUDXGLHQFHRQHPXVWDFFRPSDQ\KLVKHUZRUGV
ZLWKVLQFHULW\DQGSRVLWLYHDFWLRQV,QPRVWFRPSDQLHVDVZHOODVOLIHKRZWKLQJVDUHVDLGDFFRXQWIRU
PRUHWKDQZKDWLVVDLG%HYHU\FDUHIXOWRQRWPDNHSURPLVHVWRGD\WKDWFDQQRWEHNHSWWRPRUURZ 

Interpersonal Communication

&DVXDORULQIRUPDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVFRQVLVWRILQWHUSHUVRQDOFRQYHUVDWLRQVDWKRPHRUDWWKHRI ILFH
&DVXDORULQIRUPDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVVHOGRPUHTXLUHLQGHSWKSUHSDUDWLRQIRUZKDWZHVD\DQGKRZZHDUH
JRLQJWRVD\LW8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKLVODFNRISUHSDUDWLRQFDQGDPDJHDQGKXUWRXUUHSXWDWLRQRUWKHREMHF
WLYHRIRXUFRPPXQLFDWLRQ:HRIWHQZLVKZHKDGVDLGVRPHWKLQJGLIIHUHQWRUFRXOGUHWUDFWVRPHWKLQJZH
VKRXOGQRWKDYHVDLGDWDOO

7KHFRPSDQ\JUDSHYLQHLVDPDMRUFRQWULEXWRUWRFDVXDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 7KH grapevine KHOSVSHRSOH


LQWHUSUHWWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQWUDQVODWHVPDQDJHPHQW¶VIRUPDOPHVVDJHLQWR³HPSOR\HHODQJXDJH´DQGFRQ
YH\VLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWWKHV\VWHPOHDYHVXQVDLGRUZLVKHVNHSWXQGHUZUDSV2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKH
grapevine FDQEHYHU\GHVWUXFWLYHZKHQLUUHOHYDQWLQIRUPDWLRQRUJRVVLSDQGUXPRUVKDUPRSHUDWLRQV
7KHFRPSDQ\JUDSHYLQHFDQQRWEHHOLPLQDWHGWKHUHIRUHPDQDJHUVQHHGWRZRUNZLWKWKHJUDSHYLQHWR
HQVXUHLWVSRVLWLYHHIIHFWRQWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQ  

-DUJRQLVDFWXDOO\DIRUPRIVKRUWKDQGDQGFDQPDNHFRPPXQLFDWLRQPRUHHIIHFWLYHZKHQERWKWKHsender
DQGreceiver NQRZWKHEX]]ZRUGV,IWKHreceiver LVXQIDPLOLDUZLWKWKHMDUJRQPLVXQGHUVWDQGLQJUHVXOWV
7KHsender’s LQWHQGHGPHVVDJHGRHVQRWDOZD\V´JHWDFURVV´WRWKHreceiver,WKDVEHHQGRFXPHQWHGWKDW
RIWKHPRVWFRPPRQO\XVHGZRUGVLQWKH(QJOLVKODQJXDJHFDQEHOLQNHGWRRYHUGLI IHUHQW
GHILQLWLRQV  

:RUGVKDYHWKHLURZQFRQQRWDWLRQ)RUH[DPSOHLIZHVD\VRPHWKLQJLVFKHDSGRHVWKDWPHDQLWLVLQH[
SHQVLYHRUWKDWLWLVMXQN"6XSSRVHWKHUHZDVDFDUUHQWDODJHQF\FDOOHG&+($3 UDWKHUWKDQ7+5,)7<
,I\RXUERVVFDOOV\RXLQWRKLVKHURI ILFHDQGVWDUWVWKHFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWK³< RXKDYHEHHQZLWKXVIRUD
ORQJWLPH´ZKDWZRXOG\RXH[SHFW"$UH\RXJRLQJWREHFULWLFL]HGILUHGWUDQVIHUUHGRUFRPPHQGHG",I
\RXKDYHDJUHDWLGHDDQG\RXUERVVVD\V³OHWPHVOHHSRQLW´ZKDWGRHVWKDWPHDQ"

1RQYHUEDOVLJQDOVDQGERG\ODQJXDJHFDQFRQYH\HLWKHUDSRVLWLYHRUQHJDWLYHPHDQLQJWRWKHFRPPXQL
FDWLRQ5HVHDUFKLQGLFDWHVWKDWIDFLDOH[SUHVVLRQDQGWRQHRIYRLFHFDQDFFRXQWIRUSHUFHQWRIWKHFRP
PXQLFDWLRQEHWZHHQWZRSHRSOH

1RQYHUEDOERG\VLJQDOVWKDWFRQYH\DSRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHWRZDUGWKHRWKHUSHUVRQDUH

‡ $VVXPLQJDSRVLWLRQFORVHWRWKHSHUVRQ
‡ *HVWXULQJIUHTXHQWO\
‡ 0DLQWDLQLQJH\HFRQWDFW

$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
‡ 6PLOLQJ
‡ +DYLQJDRSHQERG\RULHQWDWLRQVXFKDVIDFLQJWKHRWKHUSHUVRQGLUHFWO\
‡ 8QFURVVLQJDUPV
‡ /HDQLQJIRUZDUGWRFRQYH\LQWHUHVWLQZKDWWKHSHUVRQLVVD\LQJ 

7KHFOHDUFRPPXQLFDWLRQRILGHDVLVHVVHQWLDO 7KHODFNRIFODULW\FDQEHDPDMRUSUREOHPLQDQ\FRP
PXQLFDWLRQ.QRZ\RXU receiverPLQLPL]HGLVWUDFWLRQVDQGKDYHDFFXUDWHIDFWVDQGVRXUFHV $VNTXHV
WLRQVWREHVXUH\RXDUHEHLQJXQGHUVWRRGDQGWKDW\RXXQGHUVWDQG

Electronic Communication

7HFKQRORJ\LVFKDQJLQJQHDUO\HYHU\DVSHFWRIEXVLQHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ $ VSHFLDOFDWHJRU\RIZULWWHQ
FRPPXQLFDWLRQVRFFXUVYLDHOHFWURQLFPHGLD(OHFWURQLFPDLO (PDLO KDVPDGHLWSRVVLEOHIRUFRPSD
QLHVWRGLVWULEXWHODUJHDPRXQWVRIGDWDDQGLQIRUPDWLRQWRWKHLUHPSOR\HHVERWKORFDODQGRYHUVHDVDQG
FOLHQWVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOG

$GYDQWDJHVWRHOHFWURQLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQWHFKQRORJ\LQFOXGHVSHHGDQGHI ILFLHQF\LQGHOLYHULQJURXWLQH
PHVVDJHVWRODUJHQXPEHUVRISHRSOHLQPXOWLSOHFLWLHVFRXQWULHVDQGWKHZRUOG,WFDQDOVRUHGXFHWLPH
VSHQWWUDYHOLQJDQGLQWHUDFWLQJLQJURXSPHHWLQJV2QHVWXG\LQGLFDWHGWKDWHPDLODWDODUJHRIILFHHTXLS
PHQWFRUSRUDWLRQUHGXFHGWLPHVSHQWRQWKHSKRQHE\SHUFHQWLQWHURI ILFHPDLOE\SHUFHQWSKRWR
FRS\LQJE\SHUFHQWDQGSDSHUPHPRVE\SHUFHQW  

'LVDGYDQWDJHVLQFOXGHWKHGLI ILFXOW\RIVROYLQJFRPSOH[SUREOHPVZKLFKUHTXLUHPRUHH[WHQGHGIDFH
WRIDFHLQWHUDFWLRQDQGWKHLQDELOLW\WRSLFNXSVXEWOHQRQYHUEDOFOXHVDERXWZKDWWKH sender LVWKLQNLQJ
RUWU\LQJWRFRQYH\ (PDLOLVQRWVXLWDEOHIRUFRQILGHQWLDOLQIRUPDWLRQUHVROYLQJFRQIOLFWVRUQHJRWLDW
LQJ  

)RUSHRSOHZKRGRQRWKDYHGLUHFWDFFHVVWRHPDLOIDFVLPLOH ID[ PDFKLQHVWUDQVPLWGDWDLQVHFRQGV


WKURXJKWHOHSKRQHOLQHVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG

$QRWKHUPHDQVRIHOHFWURQLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLVWHOHFRQIHUHQFLQJ7KHWZRW\SHVRIWHOHFRQIHUHQFLQJDUH
DXGLRFRQIHUHQFLQJDQGYLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJ $XGLRFRQIHUHQFLQJRFFXUVZKHQJURXSVRISHRSOHLQGLI
IHUHQWORFDWLRQVDWWHQGWKHVDPHPHHWLQJDWWKHVDPHWLPHDQGLQWHUDFWRYHUWHOHSKRQHOLQHVYLDDVSHDN
HUSKRQHRURWKHUW\SHRISKRQHLQVWUXPHQW7DNLQJWKDWRQHVWHSIXUWKHUYLGHRFRQIHUHQFLQJLVYLDVDWHO
OLWHDQGJURXSVRISHRSOHLQGLI IHUHQWORFDWLRQVDWWHQGWKHVDPHPHHWLQJDWWKHVDPHWLPHDQGVHHRQH
DQRWKHURQWHOHYLVLRQPRQLWRUDVZHOODVKHDUWKHJURXSGLVFXVVLRQVWKURXJKVSHDNHUVLQWKHPRQLWRU 
7KHVHWZRPHWKRGVRIXVLQJHOHFWURQLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQVKDYHEHHQLQVWUXPHQWDOLQUHGXFLQJWUDYHOWLPH
WRDQGIURPPHHWLQJVLWHVGRPHVWLFDOO\DVZHOODVWKURXJKRXWWKHZRUOG  

(YHU\HPSOR\HUZDQWVWRFXWFRVWVDQGUDLVHSURGXFWLYLW\ 0RGHUQFRPPXQLFDWLRQVWHFKQRORJ\RI IHUVD


ZD\WRDFKLHYHWKHVHJRDOVLWLVFDOOHGWKHYLUWXDORI ILFH0DQ\FRPSDQLHVDUHFXWWLQJRIILFHVSDFHFRVWV
DQGJLYLQJWKHLUHPSOR\HHVODSWRSVFHOOSKRQHVQHWZRUNDFFHVVDQGWKHDELOLW\WRZRUNRXWRIWKHLU
KRPHV6RPHFRPSDQLHVKDYHHPEUDFHGWKLVQHZFRQFHSWDQGKDYHVHHQDGPLQLVWUDWLYHH[SHQVHVIURP
EXVLQHVVGHYHORSPHQWDQGVDOHVVWDIIEHLQJUHGXFHGIURPSHUFHQWRIUHYHQXHWRSHUFHQWRIUHYHQXH
 2WKHUFRPSDQLHVDUHFDUHIXOO\ZDWFKLQJWKLVQHZZD\RIGRLQJEXVLQHVVDQGDVVHVVLQJWKHORQJWHUP
LPSDFWRQSURGXFWLYLW\DQGWXUQRYHURIHPSOR\HHV

Group Communications

*URXSFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVGRQHZLWKWKUHHRUPRUHSHRSOH 7KHREMHFWLYHRIJURXSFRPPXQLFDWLRQLVWR
OHDGWKHJURXSWRFRPPRQEHOLHIVDQGWRZRUNZLWKRWKHUVWRVROYHSUREOHPV1HJRWLDWLRQLVXVXDOO\D
FRPSOH[LQWHUDFWLRQGXULQJZKLFKSHRSOHSOD\UROHVDQGKDYHWHDPV'HFLVLRQVDUHUHDFKHGWKURXJKPHHW
LQJVFRQIHUHQFHVWHDPQHJRWLDWLRQVDQGVRPHWLPHVWKLUGSDUW\LQYROYHPHQW

*URXSFRPPXQLFDWLRQRFFXUVLQFRQIHUHQFHVSXEOLFVSHHFKHVHGXFDWLRQVHVVLRQVLQIRUPDOJDWKHULQJV
DQGPHHWLQJV*URXSJDWKHULQJVPXVWEHRUJDQL]HGWREHHIIHFWLYH,WLVQRWSRVVLEOHWROLVWHQDQGXQGHU
VWDQGLIPDQ\SHRSOHDUHWDONLQJDWWKHVDPHWLPHRULIFRQYHUVDWLRQVDUHQRWORJLFDO

$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
Meetings

,IWKHUHZDVRQHUXOHRIFRQGXFWLQJPHHWLQJVLWZRXOGEHWKDWPHHWLQJVVKRXOGDOZD\VVWDUWRQVFKHGXOH
,IWKHOHDGHURIWKHPHHWLQJDOZD\VDUULYHVODWHQRRQHHOVHZLOOFRQVLGHULWLPSRUWDQWWRDUULYHRQWLPH

0HHWLQJVUHTXLUH

‡ *RDOV
‡ $QDJHQGD
‡ 3UHSDUDWLRQ
‡ &RQFOXVLRQV
‡ &RQWURO
‡ &RQYHUVDWLRQVWKDWDUHUHOHYDQWWRWKHPHHWLQJVXEMHFW

0HHWLQJVVKRXOGDYRLGUDPEOLQJGLVFXVVLRQVDQGORQJVSHHFKHVZDVWHGWLPHGRPLQDWLRQE\RQHLQGLYLG
XDODQGLQFRQFOXVLYHUHVXOWV/HQJWK\SUHVHQWDWLRQVDQGVSHHFKHVFDQEHWRRJHQHUDOWRVROYHWKHSUREOHP
XQGHUGLVFXVVLRQWKHUHIRUHNHHSWKHPHHWLQJIRFXVHGRQWKHPHHWLQJJRDOVDQGGHVLUHGFRQFOXVLRQV

,QDEXVLQHVVPHHWLQJZHPXVWOHDUQWRVSHDN³RQRXUIHHW´ LPSURPSWX EHFDXVH\RXZLOOZDQWWRDGGWR


RUPRGLI\WKHFRPPHQWVPDGHE\WKHSULRUVSHDNHU,WLVDJRRGWHFKQLTXHWRFRPSOHPHQWWKHSULRUVSHDN
HU¶VFRPPHQWVUDWKHUWKDQPDNLQJVHSDUDWHXQUHODWHGVWDWHPHQWV

Listening

8QIRUWXQDWHO\PRVWRIXVDUHQRWYHU\JRRGOLVWHQHUV,PPHGLDWHO\DIWHUKHDULQJDPLQXWHVSHHFKZH
W\SLFDOO\UHPHPEHURQO\KDOIRIZKDWZDVVDLG$ IHZGD\VODWHUZHKDYHIRUJRWWHQWKUHHTXDUWHUVRIWKH
PHVVDJH :HVSHQG\HDUVOHDUQLQJWRH[SUHVVRXULGHDVEXWIHZRIXVKDYHHYHUWDNHQDFRXUVHLQOLV
WHQLQJ  

:KDWKDSSHQVZKHQZHOLVWHQ" 7KHSURFHVVRIOLVWHQLQJLQYROYHVWKHIROORZLQJUHODWHGDFWLYLWLHVZKLFK
PRVWRIWHQRFFXULQVHTXHQFH

 Sensing LVSK\VLFDOO\KHDULQJWKHPHVVDJHDQGWDNLQJQRWHRILW,QWHUIHULQJQRLVHVLPSDLUHGKHDULQJ
RULQDWWHQWLRQFDQEORFNWKLVUHFHSWLRQ 7XQHRXWGLVWUDFWLRQVE\IRFXVLQJRQWKHPHVVDJH
 Interpreting LVGHFRGLQJDQGDEVRUELQJZKDW\RXKHDU $V\RXOLVWHQ\RXDVVLJQPHDQLQJWRWKH
ZRUGVDFFRUGLQJWR\RXURZQYDOXHVEHOLHIVLGHDVH[SHFWDWLRQVUROHVQHHGVDQGSHUVRQDOKLVWRU\ 7KH
VSHDNHU¶VIUDPHRIUHIHUHQFHPD\EHTXLWHGLIIHUHQWVRLWLVWKHOLVWHQHU¶VUHVSRQVLELOLW\WRGHWHUPLQHZKDW
WKHVSHDNHUUHDOO\PHDQV,QFUHDVHWKHDFFXUDF\RI\RXULQWHUSUHWDWLRQE\SD\LQJDWWHQWLRQWRQRQYHUEDO
FXHV
 Evaluating LVIRUPLQJDQRSLQLRQDERXWWKHPHVVDJH6RUWLQJWKURXJKWKHVSHDNHU ¶VUHPDUNVVHSD
UDWLQJIDFWIURPRSLQLRQDQGHYDOXDWLQJWKHTXDOLW\RIWKHHYLGHQFHUHTXLUHVDJRRGGHDORIHI IRUWSDUWLF
XODUO\LIWKHVXEMHFWLVFRPSOH[RUHPRWLRQDOO\FKDUJHG$YRLGWKHWHPSWDWLRQVWRGLVPLVVLGHDVRIIHUHGE\
SHRSOHZKRDUHXQDWWUDFWLYHRUDEUDVLYHDQGWRHPEUDFHLGHDVRI IHUHGE\SHRSOHZKRDUHFKDULVPDWLF
VSHDNHUV
 Remembering LVVWRULQJDPHVVDJHIRUIXWXUHUHIHUHQFH$V\RXOLVWHQUHWDLQZKDW\RXKHDUE\WDN
LQJQRWHVRUE\PDNLQJDPHQWDORXWOLQHRIWKHVSHDNHU ¶VNH\SRLQWV
 Responding LVDFNQRZOHGJLQJWKHPHVVDJHE\UHDFWLQJWRWKHVSHDNHULQVRPHIDVKLRQ,I\RXDUH
FRPPXQLFDWLQJRQHRQRQHRULQDVPDOOJURXSWKHLQLWLDOUHVSRQVHJHQHUDOO\WDNHVWKHIRUPRIYHUEDO
IHHGEDFN,I\RXDUHRQHRIPDQ\LQDQDXGLHQFH\RXULQLWLDOUHVSRQVHPD\WDNHWKHIRUPRIDSSODXVH
ODXJKWHURUVLOHQFH/DWHURQ\RXPD\DFWRQZKDW\RXKDYHKHDUG$FWLYHO\SURYLGHIHHGEDFNWRKHOSWKH
VSHDNHUUHILQHWKHPHVVDJH  

7KHDELOLW\WROLVWHQLVLQIOXHQFHGE\WKHVHWWLQJLIZHNQRZRUVXVSHFWDUHVSRQVHZLOOEHUHTXLUHGZH
ZLOOEHPRUHDWWHQWLYHWKDQLIZHDUHLQDVLWXDWLRQZKHUHHYHU\RQHLVPHUHO\H[SHFWHGWROLVWHQ 7KHIRO
ORZLQJRXWOLQHVYDU\LQJGHJUHHVRIDWWHQWLYHQHVV

‡ The speech or monologue²7KHVSHDNHULVFRQFHUQHGDERXWWKHDXGLHQFH¶ VGHJUHHRIDWWHQWLRQEXW


VLQFHWKHUHLVQRLPPHGLDWHUHVSRQVHWKHVSHDNHUGRHVQRWNQRZZKHWKHUWKHUHLVDQ\FRPPXQLFDWLRQ

$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
‡ The dialogue—$ SURFHVVLQZKLFKERWKSDUWLHVDOWHUQDWLYHO\VSHDNDQGOLVWHQLQRUGHUWRFRPPXQL
FDWH'LDORJXHKDVWKHJRDORIJRLQJEH\RQGRQHSHUVRQ¶ VXQGHUVWDQGLQJ7KHJRDOLVQRWWR³ZLQ´EXW
IRUWKHWHDPWRFRPHWRDFRPPRQXQGHUVWDQGLQJ'LDORJXHLVDNH\IHDWXUHRIDQHJRWLDWLRQZHPXVW
XQGHUVWDQGFRPSOHWHO\ZKDWWKHRWKHUSDUW\LVVD\LQJDQGWU\WRXQGHUVWDQGWKHLUPRWLYDWLRQ
‡ The debate²$ SDUWLFXODUIRUPRIGLDORJXHLQZKLFKHDFKVLGHSUHSDUHVDQGH[SUHVVHVYLHZSRLQWV,Q
DIRUPDOGHEDWHHDFKSDUW\LVXVXDOO\DOORZHGWLPHIRUDUHEXWWDORIHDFKSRVLWLRQ
‡ The argument—$JUHHPHQWKDVQRWEHHQUHDFKHGDQGHDFKVLGHFDQEHVRDQ[LRXVWRH[SUHVVLWVRZQ
YLHZVWKDWLWLVQRWWRRFRQFHUQHGZLWKZKDWWKHRWKHUSDUW\LVVD\LQJ,QWHUUXSWLRQVPD\EHIUHTXHQWDQG
LQWHQGHGWRPDNHDSRLQWEHIRUHWKHRWKHUSDUW\KDVFRQFOXGHGWKHLUVWDWHPHQWV $VDUHVXOWWKHUHLVOLWWOH
HIIRUWWROLVWHQ

Types of listening:

‡ 1RQOLVWHQLQJ²WKHUHFHLYHULVXVXDOO\SUHRFFXSLHG
‡ 3DVVLYHOLVWHQLQJ²WKHUHFHLYHUKHDUVWKHZRUGVEXWQRWWKHPHVVDJH
‡ -XGJPHQWDOOLVWHQLQJ²WKHUHFHLYHULQWHUSUHWVWKHPHVVDJHDFFRUGLQJWRKLVRUKHUELDVHV
‡ $WWHQWLYHOLVWHQLQJ²UHFHLYHULVIXOO\DZDUHRIWKHVSHDNHUVZKDWWKH\VD\ DQGKRZWKH\VD\LW
‡ 9LVXDOOLVWHQLQJ²DIRUPRIDWWHQWLYHOLVWHQLQJEXWWKHZRUGVDUHVWUDQJHSHUKDSVIRUHLJQ :HSD\
FORVHDWWHQWLRQDQGVKRZWKHVSHDNHUWKDWZHDUHLQWHUHVWHGDQGWU\WRFRPSUHKHQGWKHPHVVDJHE\UHDG
LQJWKHVSHDNHU¶VYLVXDOVLJQV
‡ 5HIOHFWLYHOLVWHQLQJ²WKHUHFHLYHULVDWWHQWLYHDQGDWWHPSWVWRUHVWDWHZKDWWKHVSHDNHUKDVVDLG
‡ $FWLYHFUHDWLYHOLVWHQLQJ²DPRGHWKDWLVDWWHQWLYHDQGLQFOXGHVVXJJHVWLRQVE\WKHOLVWHQHU³'R\RX
PHDQWKDW"´RUWKHOLVWHQHUFDQDWWHPSWWRFODULI\ZKDWLVVDLG5HSHWLWLRXVXVHRITXHVWLRQVRUUHIOHFWLRQV
FDQFDXVHWKHVSHDNHUWREHFRPHGHIHQVLYHDQGUHGXFHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ
‡ 'LUHFWLYHOLVWHQLQJ²WKHUHFHLYHULQWHUUXSWVWKHVSHDNHUWRJHWWKHPWRVD\ZKDWWKHOLVWHQHUZDQWVWR
KHDUWKHPVD\([DPSOH³,DJUHHZLWK\RXWKDW´WKHQUHVWDWHZLWKVRPHWKLQJWKHVSHDNHUGLGQRWPHDQ
WRVD\
‡ )DFLOLWDWLYHOLVWHQLQJ²OLVWHQLQJWRZKDWLVEHLQJVDLGE\DOOPHPEHUVRIDJURXSRUDXGLHQFHDQGWKHQ
VXPPDUL]LQJRULQWHUSUHWLQJ7KLVUHTXLUHVDKLJKGHJUHHRIFRQFHQWUDWLRQ

7KHJRDORIOLVWHQLQJLVWRLPSURYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ,WDSSHDUVWKDWPDQ\RIW\SHVRIOLVWHQLQJVNLOOVGR
QRWIRVWHUFRPPXQLFDWLRQ7KLVEUHDNGRZQFRXOGEHWKHIDXOWRIWKH sender RIWKHPHVVDJHWKHreceiver
RUWKHPHVVDJHLWVHOI,QRUGHUWRKDYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQDVSHDNHUQHHGVIHHGEDFN)HHGEDFNVKRXOGVKRZ
WKDWWKHOLVWHQHUFRPSUHKHQGVDQGLVDEOHWRDQDO\]HZKDWKDVEHHQVDLG

(IIHFWLYHOLVWHQLQJLQYROYHVEHLQJRSHQDQGUHFHSWLYHWRERWKLQIRUPDWLRQDQGIHHOLQJV

Public Speaking/Teaching

3XEOLFVSHDNLQJDQGWHDFKLQJKDYHPXFKLQFRPPRQ,QERWKVLWXDWLRQVLWLVDEVROXWHO\LPSHUDWLYHWKDW
WKHVSHDNHUEHZHOOSUHSDUHGFRQILGHQWNQRZOHGJHDEOHDQLPDWHGDQGKDYHLQWHJULW\7KHVSHDNHUPXVW
OLVWHQFORVHO\WRZKDWRWKHUVVD\ DQGKHVKHPXVWVSHDNFOHDUO\DQGFRQYLQFLQJO\ 7KHDXGLHQFHVKRXOG
QRWEHNHSWZDLWLQJWREHJLQWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQGWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQVKRXOGEHILQLVKHGRQWLPH,WLVLPSRU
WDQWLQERWKSXEOLFVSHDNLQJDQGLQWKHFODVVURRPWKDWZHWUHDWRWKHUVZLWKUHVSHFWDYRLGVWHUHRW\SLQJGR
QRWDXWRPDWLFDOO\UHMHFWZKDWSHRSOHVD\DQGDFFHSWUHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUZKDWZHVD\DQGGR

6SHHFKHVWKDWLQIRUPGRWKHIROORZLQJH[SODLQUHSRUWGHVFULEHFODULI\ GHILQHDQGGHPRQVWUDWH7KHUH
DUHDOVRVSHHFKHVWKDWSHUVXDGHDQGWKRVHWKDWHQWHUWDLQ

7ZRRIWKHPRVWLPSRUWDQWWKLQJVWRNQRZZKHQSODQQLQJDVSHHFKRUOHFWXUHDUHWKHEDFNJURXQGDQGDWWL
WXGHRI\RXUDXGLHQFH 7KHOHYHORINQRZOHGJHRI\RXUDXGLHQFHLVFULWLFDO,IWKHPDWHULDOSUHVHQWHGLV
FRQVLGHUDEO\DERYHRUEHORZWKHNQRZOHGJHOHYHORIPRVWRIWKHDXGLHQFHWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQZLOOEHDIDLO
XUH7KHVSHDNHUVKRXOGNQRZWKHPRWLYDWLRQRIWKHDXGLHQFH :K\DUHWKH\KHUH" $UHWKH\UHTXLUHGWR
DWWHQG"$UHWKH\VHOIPRWLYDWHGSURIHVVLRQDOV"'RWKH\NQRZWKHVSHDNHU" :LOOWKH\DFFHSWWKHVSHDN
HU¶VH[SHULHQFHDVUHOHYDQWWRWKHLUQHHGV"

7KHZRUGVXVHGLQDVSHHFKRULQDFODVVURRPPXVWEHVLPSOH'RQRWDWWHPSWWRGLVJXLVH\RXUODFNRI
LQIRUPDWLRQZLWKKDUGWRXQGHUVWDQGWHUPV<RXUFKRLFHRIZRUGVDIIHFWVWKHWRQHRIWKHSUHVHQWDWLRQDQG
DOVRVKRXOGEHWDUJHWHGDWWKHDXGLHQFH8QIDPLOLDUWHUPVFDQKDYHDQHJDWLYHHIIHFWRQDQ\JURXSDVWKH\
VLWTXLHWO\DQGSUHWHQGWRXQGHUVWDQGZKDWLVEHLQJVDLG
$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
The Written Word

7KHZULWWHQZRUGVDUHRIWHQPRUHXVHIXOWKDQWKHVSRNHQ :ULWWHQFRPPXQLFDWLRQVFDQEHHGLWHGXQWLO
WKH\H[SUHVVH[DFWO\ZKDW\RXKDYHWRVD\XVHDWKHVDXUXVDQGWKHGLFWLRQDU\IUHTXHQWO\(YHQLIWKHZULW
WHQZRUGODFNVVRPHSUHFLVLRQDWOHDVWWKHZULWHUFDQVHHZKHWKHUWKHPHVVDJHLVDPELJXRXV,WLVRIWHQ
ZRUWKZKLOHWRKDYHDWKLUGSDUW\SHUVRQUHDGWKHZRUGVWRHQVXUHWKHPHVVDJHLVFOHDUDQGLVXQGHUVWDQG
DEOH

7KHIROORZLQJDUHJXLGHOLQHVIRUZULWLQJ

‡ 8VHVKRUWVHQWHQFHV
‡ 8VHVKRUWZRUGV
‡ $YRLGMDUJRQDEEUHYLDWLRQVDQGDFURQ\PV
‡ 8VHFRPSOHWHVHQWHQFHV
‡ 6WLFNWRRQHLGHDSHUSDUDJUDSK
‡ +DYHDEHJLQQLQJ LQWURGXFWLRQ PLGGOH ERG\ DQGHQG FRQFOXVLRQ
‡ %HDFFXUDWH

 +-7LFK\,QEffective Writing for Engineers, Managers, and Scientists, OLVWVIRXUVWHSVWRZULWLQJ


3ODQ²2UJDQL]H\RXUZRUN&KRRVHWKHEHVWSODQIRU\RXUPDWHULDOUHDGHUVKLSDQG\RXUVNLOOV <RX
FDQRUJDQL]H\RXUZRUNE\WLPHORFDWLRQRULQFUHDVLQJLPSRUWDQFH7KHODWWHULVPRVWIUHTXHQWO\XVHG
LQMRXUQDODUWLFOHV

‡ %DFNJURXQG
‡ 6WDWHPHQWRIWKHSUREOHP
‡ 3URFHGXUHIROORZHG
‡ 6WDWHPHQWRIUHVXOWV
‡ 'LVFXVVLRQRIUHVXOWV
‡ &RQFOXVLRQDQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQ

7KHDEVWUDFWLVDVKRUWVXPPDU\DWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHGRFXPHQW)UHTXHQWO\ EXV\PDQDJHUVDQG
H[HFXWLYHVZKRPD\QRWKDYHWLPHWRUHDGWKHHQWLUHGRFXPHQWUHDGWKHDEVWUDFW7KHEDFNJURXQGDQG
VWDWHPHQWRIWKHSUREOHPFDQEHLQFOXGHGLQWKHLQWURGXFWLRQ 7KHFRQFOXVLRQVKRXOGUHODWHWRWKH
SUREOHPVWDWHPHQW

 :ULWH²:ULWLQJVKRXOGIROORZDQRXWOLQH7KHILUVWYHUVLRQRIDWHFKQLFDOSDSHUVKRXOGEHDGUDIW'R
QRWKHVLWDWHWRSXW\RXUWKRXJKWVGRZQLQVRPHDUELWUDU\RUGHU:LWKFRPSXWHUVDQGZRUGSURFHVVLQJ
VRIWZDUHLWLVHDV\WRUHRU JDQL]H$ERYHDOOJHWWKURXJKWKHILUVWGUDIWWKHQUHYLVHDQGFRUUHFW
 &RRO²$OORZVRPHWLPHDIWHUFRPSOHWLQJWKHGUDIWEHIRUHUHYLVLQJ7KHZULWHULVPRUHREMHFWLYHDIWHU
FRPLQJEDFNWRWKHZRUNODWHU

 5HYLVH²7KLVLVWKHPRVWFULWLFDOVWHS7KHRULJLQDOGUDIWZLOODSSHDUGLVRUGHUHGDQGPD\UHTXLUHVHY
HUDOUHZULWHV6RPHZHOONQRZQDXWKRUVXVHILYHRUPRUHUHYLVLRQVEHIRUHWKH\DUHVDWLVILHG7KHILUVW
UHYLVLRQVKRXOGLQYHVWLJDWHZKHWKHUWKHUHLVDGHTXDWHPDWHULDOLQWKHSDSHUWRVDWLVI\WKHSUREOHP
6XEVHTXHQWUHYLVLRQVVKRXOGORRNDWIRUFODULW\JUDPPDWLFDOHUURUVDQGEUHYLW\  
<RXUZULWLQJVW\OHUHIOHFWVWKHZD\\RXXVHZRUGVWRDFKLHYHDQRYHUDOOLPSUHVVLRQRI\RXUGRFXPHQW $
SHUVRQFDQYDU\WKHLUVW\OHWRVRXQGPRUHIRUFHIXORUSDVVLYHSHUVRQDORULPSHUVRQDO,QEXVLQHVVZULW
LQJ\RXZDQWWRXVHVW\OHWRWKHEHVWDGYDQWDJH,I\RXZDQWWRPDNHDQLPSDFWDGRSWDIRUFHIXOVW\OHWR
DFRZRUNHUDGRSWDSURIHVVLRQDO\HWSHUVRQDOVW\OHWRH[HFXWLYHPDQDJHPHQWDGRSWDIDFWXDOWRWKH
SRLQWVW\OH  
2QHIRUPRIZULWWHQFRPPXQLFDWLRQWKDWLVLPSRUWDQWWR3URMHFW&RQWUROV3URIHVVLRQDOVLVWKH0RQWKO\
6WDWXVDQG3URJUHVV5HSRUW7KLVUHSRUWLV³7+(5(3257´EHFDXVHLWFRQWDLQVWKHWRWDOVWDWXVRIWKHSURM
HFWRXWOLQHVFXUUHQWDFFRPSOLVKPHQWVDQGFRQFHUQVDVZHOODVIRUHFDVWVIXWXUHDFWLRQVWKDWDOHUWWKH
3URMHFW0DQDJHPHQW7HDPWRSRWHQWLDOLVVXHV,WQHHGVWREHFRPSUHKHQVLYH\HWFRQFLVHDQGG\QDPLF

$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
$ PLQLPXPSDFNDJHIRUWKHPRQWKO\UHSRUWVKRXOGLQFOXGH
‡ ([HFXWLYHVXPPDU\²DEULHIFRQFLVH XVXDOO\RQHRUWZRSDJHV GRFXPHQWRXWOLQLQJDQGKLJKOLJKW
LQJWKHLPSRUWDQWLQIRUPDWLRQPRVWQHHGHGE\0DQDJHPHQWDQG&RPSDQ\([HFXWLYHV5HPHPEHU
WKLV([HFXWLYH6XPPDU\FRXOGEHWKHRQO\LQIRUPDWLRQUHDGE\VHQLRUPDQDJHPHQW²XVHDIDFWXDOWR
WKHSRLQWVW\OH 7KH([HFXWLYH6XPPDU\FRXOGJDLQRUORVHPDQDJHPHQW¶ VDWWHQWLRQDQGSRVVLEO\
WKHLUVXSSRUW
‡ 3URMHFW6WDWXVE\'LVFLSOLQHRU%XVLQHVV8QLW
:KDWWDVNVZHUHDFFRPSOLVKHGGXULQJWKLVUHSRUWLQJSHULRG"
:KDWWDVNVDUHSODQQHGIRUFRPSOHWLRQGXULQJQH[WUHSRUWLQJSHULRG"
:KDWFULWLFDODFWLYLWLHVDUHRIFRQFHUQRUFDXVLQJDSRWHQWLDOSUREOHP"
‡ 3URMHFW&RVWDQG3URJUHVV
1DUUDWLYHRIFRVWVWDWXV
$FWXDOYHUVXVSODQQHGFXUYHV
7UHQGV
&RVWDQGVFKHGXOHGHYLDWLRQVWKDWKDYHFRVWDQGRUVFKHGXOHLPSDFW
)RUHFDVWRIFRVWDWFRPSOHWLRQ
3URJUHVVFXUYHV
3URGXFWLYLW\FXUYHV
3HUVRQQHOXVHFKDUWVDQGKLVWRJUDPV
‡ 3URMHFW0DVWHU6FKHGXOH1DUUDWLYHRIVFKHGXOHVWDWXV LHORJLFFKDQJHVDFWLYLWLHVDGGHGRUGHOHWHG
'HVFULSWLRQRIDQ\DQWLFLSDWHGGHOD\V
&ULWLFDOSDWKDQDO\VLV
)ORDWDQDO\VLV
‡ 6XEFRQWUDFWVUHSRUW LIDSSURSULDWH
‡ &KDQJHRUGHUORJDQGVWDWXV
‡ &RQWLQJHQF\UXQGRZQFXUYH
$QHIIHFWLYHDQGHI ILFLHQWVWDWXVUHSRUWUHTXLUHVPXFKH[SHULHQFHDQGVNLOOWRSURGXFH 7KHEHVW
ZD\WRJHWH[SHULHQFHDQGLPSURYH\RXUZULWWHQFRPPXQLFDWLRQVNLOOVLVWKURXJKSUDFWLFH
(IIHFWLYHZULWLQJLVPRUHWKDQMXVWFRUUHFWVSHOOLQJSXQFWXDWLRQDQGJUDPPDU *RRGFRPPXQL
FDWLRQXVLQJWKHZULWWHQZRUGUHTXLUHVFOHDU ORJLFDOWKLQNLQJ7KHDFWRIZULWLQJFDQEHDSRZHU
IXODLGWRWKLQNLQJEHFDXVH\RXKDYHWRWKLQNDERXWZKDW\RXUHDOO\ZDQWWRVD\  
The Certification Paper and Plagiarism (3)
7KH*HRU JHWRZQ8QLYHUVLW\ZHEVLWHRQHRIPDQ\VRXUFHVWKDWGHILQHSODJLDULVPVWDWHVWKDW
3ODJLDULVPLV³WKHDFWRISDVVLQJRI IDVRQH¶ VRZQWKHLGHDVRUZULWLQJVRIDQRWKHU ´,QWKH
$SSHQGL[WRWKH+RQRU&RXQFLOSDPSKOHWFDOOHG³$FNQRZOHGJLQJWKH :RUNRI2WKHUV´ ZKLFKLV
XVHGE\SHUPLVVLRQRI&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\ WKUHHVLPSOHFRQYHQWLRQVDUHSUHVHQWHGIRUZKHQ\RX
PXVWSURYLGHDUHIHUHQFH
 ,I\RXXVHVRPHRQHHOVH¶VLGHDV\RXVKRXOGFLWHWKHVRXUFH
 ,IWKHZD\LQZKLFK\RXDUHXVLQJWKHVRXUFHLVXQFOHDU PDNHLWFOHDU
 ,I\RXUHFHLYHGVSHFLILFKHOSIURPVRPHRQHLQZULWLQJWKHSDSHU DFNQRZOHGJHLW
The Guide to CCC/CCE Certification VWDWHV³7KHSULPDU\SXUSRVHRIWKHWHFKQLFDOSDSHULVWRGHWHU
PLQHDFDQGLGDWH¶VDELOLW\WRFRPPXQLFDWHDSURIHVVLRQDOWRSLFFOHDUO\DQGHIIHFWLYHO\´7KHJXLGHIXUWKHU
VWDWHV³$OOVWDWHPHQWVRIIDFWRULQIRUPDWLRQWDNHQIURPVHFRQGDU\VRXUFHVVKRXOGEHGHQRWHGZLWKDUHI
HUHQFHQXPEHUDQGWKHUHIHUHQFHGPDWHULDOOLVWHGLQGHWDLOLQDIRRWQRWHDWWKHERWWRPRIWKHSDJHRULQD
OLVWRIUHIHUHQFHVWKDWLPPHGLDWHO\IROORZVWKHHQGRIWKHSDSHU ,WJRHVRQWRVD\³7KHWHUPUHIHUHQFH
DSSOLHVZKHQPDWHULDOLVXVHGIURPDVHFRQGDU\VRXUFHE\HLWKHUDVWDWHPHQWRIIDFWDGLUHFWTXRWDWLRQ
LQGLUHFWO\E\SDUDSKUDVLQJRUWKURXJKJUDSKLFSUHVHQWDWLRQ(WKLFVDQGFRPPRQFRXUWHV\UHTXLUHWKDWWKH
VRXUFHEHUHIHUHQFHG 7KLVJLYHVSURSHUFUHGLWWRWKHVRXUFHDQGSURYLGHVWKHUHDGHUZLWKHQRXJKLQIRU
PDWLRQWRVHDUFKRXWWKHVHFRQGDU\VRXUFHIRUIXUWKHUVWXG\´,QVKRUW$$&(,QWHUQDWLRQDODVNVHDFKFDQ
GLGDWHWRQRWRQO\GHPRQVWUDWHWKDW\RXFDQFRPPXQLFDWHEXW\RXPXVWFRPPXQLFDWHVXFKWKDW\RXDUH
DOZD\VDYRLGLQJZKDWLVNQRZQDVSODJLDULVP
$VHDUO\DVKLJKVFKRRODQGLQFROOHJH(QJOLVKWHDFKHUVDQGSURIHVVRUVWDXJKWWKDWSODJLDULVPZDVZURQJ
DQGHYHU\WLPHLWZDVGLVFRYHUHGRXUVFRUHVZHUHUHGXFHGRIWHQUHVXOWLQJLQDIDLOLQJJUDGH,QWKHZRUN
SODFHGHDGOLQHVKDYHWREHPHWDQGZRUNPXVWEHFRPSOHWHGRQWLPHZKLFKFDXVHVPDQ\WRWRVVDVLGH
ZKDWZDVWDXJKWWRGRZKDWHYHULWWDNHVWRFRPSOHWHWKHDVVLJQPHQW
$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ

7KLVLVRIWHQDFFHSWHGE\RXUHPSOR\HUEHFDXVHZHDOOZRUNLQWKHVDPHJURXSKHOSRQHDQRWKHUZKHQ
HYHUSRVVLEOHVKDUHWKRXJKWVDQGLGHDVHWF+RZHYHU ZKHQDVNHGWRZULWHIRUH[DPSOHDZKLWHSDSHU
DQGFROODERUDWHZLWKDFROOHDJXHWKDWFROOHDJXHPD\RUPD\QRWEHJLYHQFUHGLWIRUKLVKHUWKRXJKWV
LGHDVDQGHIIRUWV

:KHQIDFHGZLWKWKHFKDOOHQJHRIZULWLQJDSDSHUWKDWLVQRWGLUHFWO\UHODWHGWRWKHSUHVHQWZRUNDVVLJQ
PHQWRUSURMHFWWKHKDELWVIRUPHGDWWKHRI ILFHDUHQRWDFFHSWDEOHIRUDSXEOLVKHGZRUNSURGXFW 7KH
$$&(,QWHUQDWLRQDO $$&(,QWHUQDWLRQDO FHUWLILFDWLRQSDSHURIWHQZLOOEHFRPHDSXEOLVKHGGRFXPHQW

7KH$$&(,QWHUQDWLRQDO&HUWLILFDWLRQ%RDUGLVXVLQJWKHIROORZLQJGHILQLWLRQRISODJLDULVPDVSURYLGHG
E\DFDGHPLD,WRFFXUVZKHQDQDXWKRU

‡ 4XRWHVDQRWKHUZLWKRXWXVLQJDIRRWQRWH RURWKHUUHIHUHQFH 
‡ 4XRWHVDQRWKHUZLWKRXWHQFORVLQJWKHDXWKRU ¶VZRUGVLQTXRWDWLRQPDUNVHYHQLI\RXJLYHFUHGLW
‡ )DLOVWRXVH\RXURZQZRUGVDQGVHQWHQFHVWUXFWXUHLQSDUDSKUDVLQJ
‡ 8VHVWKHLGHDVH[SUHVVHGE\RWKHUVZLWKRXWJLYLQJFUHGLWHYHQLI\RXGRQRWTXRWHWKHRULJLQDOVRXUFH
3DVVLQJRIIVRPHRQHHOVH¶VZRUNDV\RXURZQZLOOQRWEHWROHUDWHGE\ $$&(,QWHUQDWLRQDODQGZLOOEH
GHHPHGDQDXWRPDWLFIDLOXUHRIWKHSDSHU ,QRUGHUWRHQVXUHWKDW\RXUSDSHUGRHVQRWEHFRPHDIDLOHG
SDSHULWLVVXJJHVWHGWKDW\RXXVHDQ\UHVRXUFHVWKDW\RXPD\KDYHWRREWDLQWLSVRQKRZWRDYRLGSOD
JLDULVP
Ethical Communication

(WKLFVDUHWKHSULQFLSOHVRIFRQGXFWWKDWJRYHUQDSHUVRQRUDJURXSDQGSOD\DFUXFLDOUROHLQFRPPXQL
FDWLRQ/DQJXDJHLWVHOILVPDGHXSRIZRUGVWKDWFDUU\YDOXHV6RPHUHO\E\VD\LQJWKLQJVDFHUWDLQZD\
\RXLQIOXHQFHKRZRWKHUVSHUFHLYH\RXUPHVVDJHDQG\RXVKDSHH[SHFWDWLRQVDQGEHKDYLRUV :KHQDQ
RUJDQL]DWLRQH[SUHVVHVLWVHOILQWHUQDOO\LWLQIOXHQFHVWKHYDOXHVRILWVHPSOR\HHVZKHQLWFRPPXQLFDWHV
H[WHUQDOO\LWVKDSHVWKHZD\RXWVLGHUVSHUFHLYHWKHRU JDQL]DWLRQ  

(WKLFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQLQFOXGHVDOOUHOHYDQWLQIRUPDWLRQLVWUXHLQHYHU\VHQVHDQGLVQRWGHFHSWLYHLQ
DQ\ZD\(WKLFVDIIHFWHYHU\DVSHFWRIEXVLQHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ :KHQVHQGLQJDQHWKLFDOPHVVDJH\RX
DUHDFFXUDWHDQGVLQFHUH<RXDYRLGODQJXDJHWKDWPDQLSXODWHVGLVFULPLQDWHVRUH[DJJHUDWHV<RXGRQRW
KLGHQHJDWLYHLQIRUPDWLRQEHKLQGDQRSWLPLVWLFDWWLWXGH\RXGRQRWVWDWHRSLQLRQVDVIDFWVDQG\RXSRU
WUD\JUDSKLFGDWDIDLUO\<RXDUHKRQHVWZLWKHPSOR\HUVFRZRUNHUVDQGFOLHQWVQHYHUVHHNLQJSHUVRQDO
JDLQE\PDNLQJRWKHUVORRNEHWWHURUZRUVHWKDQWKH\DUH<RXGRQRWDOORZSHUVRQDOSUHIHUHQFHVWRLQIOX
HQFH\RXUSHUFHSWLRQRUWKHSHUFHSWLRQRIRWKHUVDQG\RXDFWLQJRRGIDLWK  

(WKLFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVSURPRWHVORQJWHUPEXVLQHVVVXFFHVVDQGSURILW%H\RQGOHDGLQJWRVXFFHVVLQ
EXVLQHVVEHLQJHWKLFDOLVVLPSO\WKHULJKWWKLQJWRGR,WLVFRQWDJLRXV2WKHUVZLOOIROORZ\RXUH[DPSOH
ZKHQWKH\REVHUYH\RXEHLQJHWKLFDODQGVHHWKHVXFFHVV\RXH[SHULHQFHERWKLQ\RXUSHUVRQDOUHODWLRQ
VKLSVDQGLQ\RXUFDUHHU  

Conclusion

&RPPXQLFDWLRQLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWLQEXVLQHVV2QHRIWKHEHVWZD\VWRLPSURYH\RXUFRPPXQLFDWLRQV
VNLOOVLVWKURXJKSUDFWLFH 7KHSULQFLSOHVRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQZLOOJXLGH\RXLQHI IHFWLYHFRPPXQLFD
WLRQV7KHWZRNH\VNLOOVRIVSHDNLQJDQGOLVWHQLQJFRQWULEXWHWRWKHHI IHFWLYHQHVVRILQWHUSHUVRQDOUHOD
WLRQVKLSVERWKSHUVRQDOO\DQGSURIHVVLRQDOO\ ,QWKLVDJHRIHOHFWURQLFFRPPXQLFDWLRQHPDLOJLYHVXV
WKHDELOLW\WRFRPPXQLFDWHWRSHRSOHDFURVVWKHJOREHEXWFDQKDYHDGRZQVLGHZKHQXVHGLQDSSURSUL
DWHO\,QEXVLQHVVDJUHDWGHDORIWLPHLVVSHQWLQPHHWLQJV 7KHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHPHHWLQJGHSHQGVRQ
FDUHIXOSODQQLQJDQGOHDGHUVKLS7KHJRDOLVWRJHWDOODWWHQGHHVWRVKDUHLQIRUPDWLRQDQGFRQWULEXWHWRWKH
RXWFRPH6SHDNLQJZHOOUHTXLUHVDFRQVFLRXVHI IRUWWRSODQDQGHGLWUHPDUNVLQOLJKWRIWKHDXGLHQFH¶ V
QHHGV/LVWHQLQJDOVRUHTXLUHVDFRQVFLRXVHI IRUWWRVWD\IRFXVHGRQWKHGLVFXVVLRQ 7KHJRDORIOLVWHQLQJ
LVWRLPSURYHFRPPXQLFDWLRQ :ULWLQJLVDOVRDIRUPRIFRPPXQLFDWLRQ3ODQDQGRU JDQL]HZKDW\RX
ZDQWWRVD\ZULWHLWGRZQOHWLWFRROWKHQUHYLVH$ERYHDOODYRLGSODJLDULVPE\DOZD\VDFNQRZOHGJLQJ
WKHZRUNRIRWKHUV7KLVLVYHU\LPSRUWDQWZKHQ\RXZULWHWKHWHFKQLFDOSDSHUWRDFKLHYH\RXU&&&&&(
FHUWLILFDWLRQ(WKLFDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQVLVHVVHQWLDOWRHDFKRIRXUOLYHVERWKSHUVRQDOO\DQGSURIHVVLRQDO
O\%HLQJHWKLFDOLVVLPSO\WKHULJKWWKLQJWRGR

$
$SSHQGL[$ &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
References:

 %DWHPDQ7KRPDV6DQG6QHOO6FRWW$Management - Building Competitive Advantage1HZ


<RUN7KH0F*UDZ+LOO&RPSDQLHV,QF
 %RYHH&RXUWODQG/DQG 7KLOO-RKQ 9 Business Communication Today. 1HZ<RUN  7KH
0F*UDZ+LOO&RPSDQLHV,QF
 The Certification Paper and Plagiarism.
$$&(,QWHUQDWLRQDO:HEVLWHDGGUHVVKWWSZZZDDFHLRUJFHUWLILFDWLRQSODJLDULVP
 7LFK\+- Effective Writing for Engineers, Managers, and Scientists. 1HZ<RUN-RKQ:LOH\
6RQV

Portions of this chapter are from Skills & Knowledge 4, Chapter 26


authored by Dr. George Stukhart, P.E.

$

You might also like