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Plant and Animal Cell Structures

Plant cells contain a large central vacuole for storage and shape, and have a cell wall and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. Both plant and animal cells contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide while white blood cells are part of the immune system. Nerve cells transmit messages between the brain and body. Bile aids in fat digestion and excretion. Intestinal juice contains enzymes for digestion and sends hormones through the bloodstream. Excretion eliminates metabolic waste like urine. Respiration provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide via breathing. Catabolism breaks down molecules and anabolism builds

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Nabila Haque Khan
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352 views2 pages

Plant and Animal Cell Structures

Plant cells contain a large central vacuole for storage and shape, and have a cell wall and chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts. Both plant and animal cells contain organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and cell membrane. Red blood cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide while white blood cells are part of the immune system. Nerve cells transmit messages between the brain and body. Bile aids in fat digestion and excretion. Intestinal juice contains enzymes for digestion and sends hormones through the bloodstream. Excretion eliminates metabolic waste like urine. Respiration provides oxygen and removes carbon dioxide via breathing. Catabolism breaks down molecules and anabolism builds

Uploaded by

Nabila Haque Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

b) i)

A plant cell contains a large, singular vacuole that is used for storage and maintaining the shape of the
cell. In contrast, animal cells have many, smaller vacuoles. Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell
membrane. In plants, the cell wall surrounds the cell membrane.

Animal cells and plant cells share the common components of a nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria and a
cell membrane. Plant cells have three extra components, a vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall.

c) Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide.

White blood cells are part of the immune system and function in immune response.

The function of a nerve cell is to transmit messages to the brain and also to take away messages from
the brain to the receptor organs.

D) i) Bile is a digestive juice that is secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. It has two
important functions : assists with fat digestion and absorption in the gut and is a means for the body to
excrete waste products from the blood.

ii) Intestinal juice contains digestive enzymes. These enzymes aid in the actual physical digestion of food
and allow it to be absorbed by the body. Intestinal juice also sends gastrointestinal hormones out into
the body through the bloodstream.

E) I) Excretion is a process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism. Urine is an


example of excretion

2. The processes by which a living organism or cell takes in oxygen from the air or water, distributes and
utilizes it in oxidation, and gives off products of oxidation, esp. Carbon dioxide. An example of
respiration is inhaling and exhaling air.

3. Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones. These reactions release
energy.example of catabolism is glycolysis.

4. Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones. These chemical reactions require
energy.An example of anabolism is gluconeogenesis.

5. Cells are the structural, functional, and biological units of all living beings. A cell can replicate itself
independently. Hence, they are known as the building blocks of life. Ex. Nerve cells.

6. A group of cells which is meant to perform a specific function is called tissue. Ex. Muscle tissue.

7. an organ is a collection of tissues that structurally form a functional unit specialized to perform a
particular function. Ex. Heart

8. An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a certain function in an
organism's body. Ex. Circulatory system.
9. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration of the molecules to an
area with a lower concentration. Example, oxygen diffuses from the air sacs in your lungs into your
blood capillaries.

10. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a high concentration of
water to low concentration of water. An example of osmosis occurs when a sugar solution and water,
top, are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

11. Active transport is usually associated with accumulating high concentrations of molecules that the
cell needs, such as ions, glucose and amino acids. Examples of active transport include the uptake of
glucose in the intestines in humans and the uptake of mineral ions into root hair cells of plants..

12. Semipermeable membrane is a type of biological polymeric membrane that will allow certain
molecules or ions to pass through it by Osmosis—or occasionally by more specialized processes of
facilitated diffusion, passive transport or active transport. Ex. Cell Membrane

13.

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