Question 

1
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You want to know whether people in different regions of the country are equally likely to
vote Democratic, Republican, Independent, or Libertarian in the next election. You would
use a

Select one:
a. either chi-square test, depending on how you set up the problem.
b. chi-square goodness-of-fit test.
c. chi-square test of independence.

d. both chi-square tests, in order to check the results of one with the other.

What is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables?

Select one:
a. Chi-Square
b. Goodness of Independence
c. T-Test

d. Goodness of Fit

Question 1
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Question text

Members of the population do not have equal chance of being selected.

Select one:
a. Non Probability Sampling
b. Sampling
c. Probability Sampling

d. Population Sampling

The _________________ must have sufficient size to warrant statistical analysis.

Select one:
a. Population Sampling
b. Population
c. Sample

d. Sampling

Question 5
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It refers to a family of continuous probability distributions described by the normal equation

Select one:
a. Normal Distribution
b. Distribution
c. Normal
d. Normal Equation
Question 6
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Statistics are powerful tools, but it's the analysis provided afterwards by inferential statistics
that explicitly makes claims about what those results mean, why, and in what context

Select one:
True
False

Question 7
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It is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a population based on

results from a subset of the population, without having to investigate every individual

Select one:
a. Population
b. Sampling
c. Population Sampling
d. Sample

Question 8
Complete
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 Flag question

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When the standard deviation is small, the curve is tall and narrow; and when the standard
deviation is big, the curve is short and wide

Select one:
True
False

Question 9
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Every individual in the population have equal chance of being selected as a subject for the
research.

Select one:
a. Probability Sampling
b. Population Sampling
c. Non Probability Sampling
d. Sampling

Question 1
Complete
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Question text

Procedure:
Enter the following data in you Microsoft Excel.

 
Question:
What are the variables in this analysis?

Select one:
a. Unit Sold
b. The Unit
c. Unit Price and Units Sold

d. Unit Price
Question 3
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What is the reason why it is not necessary to create a scatter chart?

Select one:
a. It is just for visualizing the data
b. It has no significance and is not related to the analysis
c. It is needed for the second step.
d. We cannot interpret the analysis without the chart
Question 4
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Analyze the chart.

 
Question:
What is your interpretation of the chart?

Select one:
a. As the price go up, the volume goes down
b. As the price go up, the volume goes up
c. No changes in both price and volume
d. As the price go down, the volume goes down

Question 5
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Procedure:
Calculate the correlation coefficient using the CORREL function.
 
Question:
What is the format of the CORREL function?

Select one:
a. =CORREL(Array2, Array1)
b. =CORREL(Array1, Array2, TRUE)
c. =CORREL(Array1, Array2)
d. CORREL(Array1, Array2)

Question 6
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What is the result of the calculation?

Select one:
a. -0.94
b. 0.96
c. -0.96
d. -0.69

Question 8
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What is the value of the perfect positive correlation

Select one:
a. 0
b. +1
c. -1
d. 1

Question 1
Complete

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When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals

and dividing by N , the chi-square test is

Select one:

a. a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

b. equivalent to a one-sample  t  test.

c. not valid.

d. a chi-square test of independence.

Question 2
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The chi-square test is used when we have ordinal data.

Select one:

True

False

Question 3
Complete

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What is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables?

Select one:

a. T-Test

b. Chi-Square

c. Goodness of Fit

d. Goodness of Independence

Question 4
Complete

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The null hypothesis for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the distribution of
Select one:
a. sample means for each group is equal.

b. sample means is equal to expectation based on fe.

c. the sample means is equal to the expected distribution based on theory/knowledge of

the population.

d. cases for each group is equal to the expected distribution based on theory/knowledge of
the population.

Question 5
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The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of
independence equal
Select one:

a. 2

b. 3

c. 5

d. 1

Question 6
Complete

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Question text

You obtain a sample chi-square value of  X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know
that
Select one:

a. there is a negative association between your two variables.

b. you have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.

c. the observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells.

d. the observed frequencies are lower than the expected frequencies across all cells.

Question 8
Complete

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Statisticians now believe that if the expected value (E) falls below 5-10 our chi-square test is
not valid.
Select one:

True

False

Question 9
Complete

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 Flag question

Question text

Which of the following is the correct formula for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
Select one:

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

Question 10
Complete

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The null hypothesis for all chi-square tests asks whether the observed number of cases in a
sample what we expect from knowledge of the population.
Select one:

True

False
Question 1
Complete

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Members of the population do not have equal chance of being selected.

Select one:

a. Non Probability Sampling

b. Sampling

c. Probability Sampling

d. Population Sampling

Question 3
Complete

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The _________________ must have sufficient size to warrant statistical analysis.

Select one:

a. Population Sampling

b. Population
c. Sample

d. Sampling

Question 5
Complete

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It refers to a family of continuous probability distributions described by the normal equation

Select one:

a. Normal Distribution

b. Distribution

c. Normal

d. Normal Equation

Question 6
Complete

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Statistics are powerful tools, but it's the analysis provided afterwards by inferential statistics
that explicitly makes claims about what those results mean, why, and in what context
Select one:

True

False

Question 7
Complete

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It is a method that allows researchers to infer information about a population based on

results from a subset of the population, without having to investigate every individual

Select one:

a. Population

b. Sampling

c. Population Sampling

d. Sample

Question 8
Complete

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When the standard deviation is small, the curve is tall and narrow; and when the standard
deviation is big, the curve is short and wide

Select one:

True

False

Question 9
Complete

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Every individual in the population have equal chance of being selected as a subject for the
research.

Select one:

a. Probability Sampling

b. Population Sampling

c. Non Probability Sampling

d. Sampling

Question 1
Complete

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Question text

The null hypothesis for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the distribution of
Select one:

a. cases for each group is equal to the expected distribution based on theory/knowledge of
the population.

b. the sample means is equal to the expected distribution based on theory/knowledge of

the population.

c. sample means is equal to expectation based on fe.

d. sample means for each group is equal.

Question 2
Complete

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The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of
independence equal
Select one:

a. 5

b. 3

c. 1

d. 2

Question 3
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

 Flag question

Question text

Statisticians now believe that if the expected value (E) falls below 5-10 our chi-square test is
not valid.
Select one:

True

False

Question 4
Complete

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Flag question

Question text

You want to know whether people in different regions of the country are equally likely to
vote Democratic, Republican, Independent, or Libertarian in the next election. You would
use a
Select one:

a. both chi-square tests, in order to check the results of one with the other.

b. chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

c. chi-square test of independence.

d. either chi-square test, depending on how you set up the problem.

Question 5
Complete
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

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The chi-square test is used when we have ordinal data.

Select one:

True

False

Question 6
Complete

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Question text

When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals

and dividing by N , the chi-square test is

Select one:

a. a chi-square test of independence.

b. a chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

c. equivalent to a one-sample  t  test.

d. not valid.

Question 7
Complete
Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

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Question text

What is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical variables?

Select one:

a. Goodness of Independence

b. Goodness of Fit

c. Chi-Square

d. T-Test

Question 8
Complete

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Which of the following is the correct formula for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test?
Select one:

a. 

b. 

c. 
d. 

Question 9
Complete

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You obtain a sample chi-square value of  X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know
that
Select one:

a. the observed frequencies are lower than the expected frequencies across all cells.

b. the observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells.

c. there is a negative association between your two variables.

d. you have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.

Question 10
Complete

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The null hypothesis for all chi-square tests asks whether the observed number of cases in a
sample what we expect from knowledge of the population.
Select one:
 True

False

Question 1
Complete

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Procedure:
Enter the following data in you Microsoft Excel.

 
Question:
What are the variables in this analysis?
Select one:

a. Unit Sold

b. Unit Price and Units Sold

c. Unit Price

d. The Unit
Question 2
Complete

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Procedure:
Create a Scatter Chart of the data.
 
Question:
Is it necessary to create a scatter chart?
Select one:

a. Not all the times

b. Required

c. Yes

d. No

Question 3
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What is the reason why it is not necessary to create a scatter chart?

Select one:
a. It has no significance and is not related to the analysis

b. It is needed for the second step.

c. We cannot interpret the analysis without the chart

d. It is just for visualizing the data

Question 4
Complete

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Question text

Analyze the chart.

 
Question:
What is your interpretation of the chart?
Select one:

a. No changes in both price and volume

b. As the price go up, the volume goes up

c. As the price go down, the volume goes down

d. As the price go up, the volume goes down

Question 5
Complete

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 Flag question

Question text

Procedure:
Calculate the correlation coefficient using the CORREL function.
 
Question:
What is the format of the CORREL function?
Select one:

a. =CORREL(Array1, Array2, TRUE)

b. =CORREL(Array1, Array2)

c. =CORREL(Array2, Array1)

d. CORREL(Array1, Array2)

Question 6
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What is the result of the calculation?

Select one:

a. -0.96

b. -0.94
c. -0.69

d. 0.96

Question 7
Complete

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7. Now that we have got Excel to calculate the correlation coefficient we need to interpret it
to understand its true meaning.  The value is always between -1 and +1.
 
Question:
What is the value of the perfect negative correlation
Select one:

a. 1

b. 0

c. -1

d. +1

Question 8
Complete

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What is the value of the perfect positive correlation
Select one:

a. 1

b. +1

c. -1

d. 0

Question 9
Complete

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Procedure:
Construct a conclusion based on the scale below:

 
Question:
What is the interpretation of our computation?
Select one:

a. We have a strong positive correlation in the data

b. We have a strong negative correlation in the data

c. We have a medium negative correlation in the data

d. We have a weak negative correlation in the data

Question 10
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It is rare to find perfect correlation (+1 or -1). 

Select one:

True

False

Question 1
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The goal is to apply the ______________ to a more general population, assuming the sample
size is large enough and the sample representative enough of the broader public.

Select one:

a. Conclusions
b. Directions

c. Generalizations

d. Questions

Question 2
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The normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution.

Select one:

True

False

Question 3
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What does the figure shows?

Select one:

a. Bigger Standard Deviation

b. Bigger Variance

c. Smaller Variance

d. Smaller Standard Deviation

Question 4
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The total area under the normal curve is equal to 2.

Select one:

True

False

Question 5
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Depending on the statistical test you have chosen, you will calculate a probability of
observing your sample results (or more extreme) given that the null hypothesis is true.
Select one:

True

False

Question 6
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It is the process of taking a subset of subjects that is representative of the entire population.

Select one:

a. Population Sampling

b. Population

c. Sample

d. Sampling

Question 7
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It is the attempt to apply the conclusions that have been obtained from one experimental
study to more general populations.
Select one:

a. Descriptive Statistics

b. Parametric Statistics

c. Non Parametric Statistics

d. Inferential Statistics

Question 8
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It is done usually because it is impossible to test every single individual in the population

Select one:

a. Sample

b. Population

c. Population Sampling

d. Sampling

Question 9
Complete

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Statistics are powerful tools, but it's the analysis provided afterwards by inferential statistics
that explicitly makes claims about what those results mean, why, and in what context

Select one:

True

False

Question 10
Complete

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Sampling is also done to waste time, money and effort while conducting the research.

Select one:

True

False

Question 1
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How does the shape of the t-distribution change as the sample size increases?
Select one:
a. It becomes flatter.

b. It becomes skewed.

c. It becomes broader.

d. It becomes more normal looking.

Question 2
Complete

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If I want to compare the performance of a particular group to an established, accepted

average but information about the population standard deviation is not available. I should
Select one:

a. conduct a one-sample t-test.

b. conduct a one-sample z-test.

c. conduct a correlated t -test.

d. conclude that this cannot be done.

Question 3
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If we hold all other factors constant, then as the error term of a t-statistic becomes greater,
Select one:

a. the probability of making a Type II error increases.

b. there is a greater likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis.

c. the between-groups variance becomes greater.

d. the probability of making a Type I error increases.

Question 4
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It is used to compare the mean of a population with a theoretical value.

Select one:

a. Unpaired Two Sample

b. Paired

c. One-Sample

d. None of the mentioned

Question 5
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Question text

One of the reasons that a correlated-groups design is more powerful than an independent-
samples design is that in the correlated-groups design
Select one:

a. the error term is based on all the raw scores.

b. the error term is based on the difference scores

c. the dependent measure is correlated with the subject variables.

d. the df is greater

Question 6
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The main difference between the z and t-tests is that

Select one:

a. for a t-test only the sample mean is needed

b. for a z-test the population mean and standard deviation are needed

c. for a t-test, the population mean and standard deviation are needed

d. The z and t-tests are identical except for the size of the sample used

Question 7
Complete

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 Flag question

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What is a statistical test which is widely used to compare the mean of two groups of
samples. It is therefore to evaluate whether the means of the two sets of data are
statistically significantly different from each other?
Select one:

a. Goodness of Fit

b. Goodness of Independence

c. T-Test

d. Chi-Square

Question 8
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Which of the following would most likely cause the confidence interval to become smaller?
Select one:

a. increasing the mean

b. decreasing N

c. increasing alpha

d. decreasing the standard error

Question 9
Complete

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As the number of observations increases the t-distribution gets to look more like the
standard normal distribution.
Select one:

True

False

Question 10
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Since a term including the standard error is added to and subtracted from the mean, if the
standard error is smaller a smaller product will be added to and subtracted from the mean.
Select one:

True

False

Question 1
Complete
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What is the purpose of a goodness-of-fit test?

Select one:

a. To find relationships in the data

b. To extract factors from the data

c. To assess whether there is a significant difference between a collection of categorical data

d. To assesses whether the central tendency, variability and distribution of sample is
different from that of the population

Question 3
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The null hypothesis for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the population data
does not follow the hypothesized distribution.
Select one:

True

False
Question 4
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In contingency analysis, we expect the actual frequencies in each cell to approximately

match the corresponding expected cell frequencies when the characteristics are
independent.

Select one:

True

False

Question 6
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How can you deal with low expected values?

Select one:

a. You can transform your data

b. You can exclude outliers

c. You can increase your sample size or combine categories

d. You can add more of the same number

Question 9
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You obtain a sample chi-square value of X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know that
Select one:

a. The observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells

b. The observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells.

c. You have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.

d. The observed frequencies are lower than the expected frequencies across all cells.

Question 1
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The Jerome Light Bulb Company recently conducted a statistical test to determine whether
the number of hours that light bulbs last is normally distributed with a mean of 500 and a
standard deviation of 20. A sample of 300 light bulbs was divided into 8 groups to form a
grouped data frequency distribution. The degrees of freedom for the test will be 299.
Select one:

True

False

Question 2
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If any of the expected cell frequencies are less than 5, categories can be combined so that
all expected frequencies are at least 5.

Select one:

True

False

Question 4
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By which other name is the chi-square goodness of fit test known?

Select one:

a. Wilcoxon

b. One-sample chi-square

c. Two sample chi-square

d. Directional chi-square

Question 5
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In a chi-square test for goodness of fit, the null hypothesis is used to create an ideal,
hypothetical sample. The frequencies in the ideal sample are called _____.

Select one:

a. Null

b. Observed Frequencies

c. Expected Frequencies

d. Theoretical Frequencies

Question 6
Complete

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What type of data do you need for a chi-square test?

Select one:

a. Interval

b. Ordinal

c. Nominal

d. Ratio

Question 7
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Contingency tables and degrees of freedom are key elements of the chi-square test

Select one:

True

False

Question 8
Complete

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 Flag question

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The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of
independence equal

Select one:

a. 4

b. 2

c. 3

d. 1

Question 9
Complete

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What is the null hypothesis in chi-square test?

Select one:

a. The rows and columns are associated

b. The rows and columns are not associated

c. The rows and columns are the same

d. The rows and columns are not the same

Question 1
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What type of data is required for a Pearson's analysis which does not include a dichotomous
variable?

Select one:

a. Interval or nominal

b. Categorical or ratio

c. Interval or ratio

d. Ordinal or interval

Question 2
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It is calculated by changing lagged data with the formula for the Pearson product-moment
correlation coefficient.

Select one:

a. Autocorrelation Coefficient
b. Spearman's Rank

c. Pearson's product-moment coefficient

d. Correlation Analysis

Question 3
Complete

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If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is _____________
change in one variable, there is systematic change in the other

Select one:

a. No

b. Unsystematic

c. Systematic

d. Discrete

Question 4
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The straight line equation y=b0 + b1x is an example of a linear relationship. This means that
the changes in one variable are accompanied by the proportional linear changes in another
variable. If you increase one variable by 1 and the other by 0.5, this is a linear change.

Select one:

True

False

Question 5
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Correlation coefficient  ‘r’ is calculated through the what formula

Select one:

a. 

b. 

c. 

d. 

Question 6
Complete

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 Flag question

Question text

It is a measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables
measured on at least an interval scale.

Select one:

a. Correlation Analysis

b. Autocorrelation

c. Spearman's Rank

d. Pearson's product-moment correlation

Question 7
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7. Now that we have got Excel to calculate the correlation coefficient we need to interpret it
to understand its true meaning.  The value is always between -1 and +1.
 
Question:
What is the value of the perfect negative correlation
Select one:

a. 0
b. -1

c. 1

d. +1

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______________ correlation exists if one variable increases simultaneously with the other, i.e.
the high numerical values of one variable relate to the high numerical values of the other.

Select one:

a. Negative

b. Analytical

c. Regression

d. Positive

Question 9
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Procedure:
Calculate the correlation coefficient using the CORREL function.
 
Question:
What is the format of the CORREL function?
Select one:

a. =CORREL(Array1, Array2, TRUE)

b. CORREL(Array1, Array2)

c. =CORREL(Array1, Array2)

d. =CORREL(Array2, Array1)

Question 10
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On the negative side, findings of correlation does not indicate causations i.e. cause and
effect relationships.

Select one:

True

False

Question 2
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The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to test discrete distributions only.

Select one:
True

False

Question 5
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The degrees of freedom for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test are calculated as N-1.

Select one:
True

False

Question 7
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Question text

When performing a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a large value of the chi-square statistic
provides evidence that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Select one:
True
False

Question 8
Complete
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One use of chi-square distribution is Confidence interval estimation for a population

standard deviation of a normal distribution from a sample standard deviation.

Select one:
True
False

Question 10
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The null hypothesis for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the population data
does not follow the hypothesized distribution.

Select one:
True
 False

Question 1
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When the expected values (E) are obtained by multiplying row totals by column totals and

dividing by N  , the chi-square test is

Select one:

a. equivalent to a one-sample  t  test.

b. not valid.

c. a chi-square test of independence.

d. chi-square goodness-of-fit test.

Question 2
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By which other name is the chi-square goodness of fit test known?

Select one:

a. Wilcoxon

b. One-sample chi-square

c. Two sample chi-square

d. Directional chi-square

Question 3
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When performing a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, a large value of the chi-square statistic
provides evidence that the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Select one:

True

False

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What is the null hypothesis in chi-square test?

Select one:

a. The rows and columns are the same

b. The rows and columns are not associated

c. The rows and columns are associated

d. The rows and columns are not the same

Question 5
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You obtain a sample chi-square value of X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know that
Select one:

a. The observed frequencies are lower than the expected frequencies across all cells.

b. You have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.

c. The observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells.

d. The observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells

Question 6
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The chi-square goodness-of-fit test is used to test discrete distributions only.

Select one:

True

False

Question 7
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The degrees of freedom for a 2 x 2 cross-tabulation table for the chi-square test of
independence equal

Select one:

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

Question 8
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The degrees of freedom for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test are calculated as N-1.
Select one:

True

False

Question 9
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If any of the expected cell frequencies are less than 5, categories can be combined so that
all expected frequencies are at least 5.

Select one:

True

False

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What is the purpose of a goodness-of-fit test?

Select one:

a. To assess whether there is a significant difference between a collection of categorical data

b. To find relationships in the data

c. To assesses whether the central tendency, variability and distribution of sample is
different from that of the population

d. To extract factors from the data

Question 1
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Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was designed just for linear relationships. Technically, if we
get a low value, or a zero value, it does not mean that there is no relationship. It just means
that there is no linear relationship.

Select one:
True

False
Question 2
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This particular type of analysis is useful when a researcher wants to establish if there are
possible connectionsbetween variables.

Select one:
a. ANOVA
b. T-Test
c. Chi-Square

d. Correlation Analysis

Question 3
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When reporting a Pearson's product-moment in APA format, you would use x.

Select one:
True

False
Question 4
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The most popular forms of Chi-Square used in business studies include Pearson product-
moment correlation, Spearman Rank correlation and Autocorrelation.

Select one:
True

False

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A bell shaped curve to a scatter graph would suggest what?

Select one:
a. There would be a non-linear relationship and a Pearson's product-moment should be
used
b. There would be a linear relationship and a Pearson's product-moment should be used
c. There would be a non-linear relationship and a Pearson's product-moment should not be
used

d. There is an outlier but a Pearson's product moment can still be used

Question 7
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Homoscedasticity can be checked using which type of graph?

Select one:
a. Bar chart
b. Scatter graph
c. Pie chart

d. Line graph

Question 9
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What type of relationships does a Pearson's product-moment assess?

Select one:
a. It can only assess a linear relationship
b. It finds differences not relationships
c. Curvilinear relationships

d. Quadratic relationships

Question 1
Complete

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If all points cluster in an ascending line this would suggest there would be a strong positive
relationship

Select one:

True

False

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If there is correlation found, depending upon the numerical values measured, this can be
either positive or negative.

Select one:

True

False

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What does a Pearson's product-moment allow you to identify?

Select one:

a. Whether there is goodness of fit for one categorical variable

b. Whether there is a significant effect and interaction of independent variables

c. Whether there is a significant difference between groups

d. Whether there is a relationship between variables

Question 4
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A correlation coefficient that is applied to ranked variables was introduced by Spearman,

whilst Pearson and Fisher introduced independently correlation coefficients that measure
the strength of the relationship between non-ranked variables.

Select one:

True

False

Question 5
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It is used to understand the nature of relationships between two individual variables.

Select one:

a. T-Test

b. Chi-Square

c. ANOVA

d. Correlation Analysis

Question 6
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Negative correlation exists if one variable decreases when the other increases, i.e. the high
numerical values of one variable relate to the low numerical values of the other.

Select one:

a. Analytical

b. Regression

c. Positive
d. Negative

Question 7
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It is a method of statistical evaluation used to study the strength of a relationship between

two, numerically measured, continuous variables (e.g. height and weight).

Select one:

a. Chi-Square

b. T-Test

c. Correlation Analysis

d. ANOVA

Question 8
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It is is calculated by taking the ratio of the sample of the two variables to the product of the
two standard deviations and illustrates the strength of linear relationships

Select one:
a. Correlation Analysis

b. Pearson's product-moment coefficient

c. Autocorrelation

d. Spearman's Rank

Question 9
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By what alternative name is Pearson's Correlation Analysis also known?

Select one:

a. Chi-Squared Product-Moment

b. Pearson's Product-Moment

c. Kruskal-Wallis Correlational Analysis

d. Spearman's Correlation Analysis

Question 10
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In this correlation the correlation coefficient is not robust due to the fact that strong linear
relationships between the variables are not recognized

Select one:

a. Correlation Analysis

b. Autocorrelation

c. Pearson's product-moment correlation

d. Spearman's Rank

Quantitative Methods (96%-100%)

 Quiz 1- 10/10
 Prelims- 29/30
 Quiz 3- 10/10
 Quiz 4- 10/10
 Quiz 6- 10/10
 Finals- 41/50 (82%)
source made by me  -Raea Mae Reyes
ps. Pede niyo maperfect ang prelims swertihan na lang sa mga tanong
kung lahat ng nandito ay nasa prelims 

Quiz 1 >>10/10
These are often used to communicate research findings and to support hypotheses and give
credibility to research methodology and conclusions.

-Statistical Method and Analyses

It is used to make predictions or comparisons about a larger group (a population) using

information gathered about a small part of that population.

-Inferential Statistics
When the number of elements of the population is fixed and thus making it possible to
enumerate it in totality.

-Finite

Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena.

-Forecasting

What is a number or attribute computed for each member of a population or a sample?

-Measurement

Example of this are number of episodes of respiratory arrests or the number of re-
intubations in an intensive care unit.
- Discrete Data

This industry use statistical approaches to estimate the number of depositors and their
claims for a certain day

-Banking

It means a subgroup of the members of population chosen for participation in the study

-Sample

Data collection used for a population.

-Census

These are the two main branches of statistics

-Descriptive and Inferential

The mean is sensitive to any change in value, unlike the median and mode, where a change
to an extreme or uncommon value usually has no effect.

True

It aims to describe various aspects of the data obtained in the study.

Descriptive Statistics 

These are the two main branches of statistics

Select one:
b. Descriptive and Inferential 

When the number of units in a population are uncountable, and so it is impossible to

observe all the items of the universe

Select one:
b. Infinite 

These are often used to communicate research findings and to support hypotheses and give
credibility to research methodology and conclusions.

Select one:
c. Statistical Method and Analyses 

Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information
from data.

False 

It is important to study statistics in order to formulate well-advance predictions.

Select one:
True 

When the number of elements of the population is fixed and thus making it possible to
enumerate it in totality.

a. Finite 

Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena.

Select one:

d. Forecasting 

The randomly selected 100 students for a survey is called a population

False
Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information
from data.

False

It is a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to another

individual.

Variable

These are numerical measurements that arise from a natural numerical scale.

Qualitative Variable

Quantitative Variable

One disadvantage of the mean is that a small number of extreme values can distort its
value.

True

Descriptive Statistics is the branch of statistics that involves organizing, displaying and
describing data.

True

This industry use statistical approaches to estimate the number of depositors and their
claims for a certain day

 Banking

It is used to make predictions or comparisons about a larger group (a population) using

information gathered about a small part of that population.

 Inferential Statistics

It is the average of all the elements of a set

 Mean

The randomly selected 100 students for a survey is called a population

False

Prelims >> 29/30

Interval scales are exactly like ratio scales, except that they have a true zero point

True
The more variables, the more complex the study and the more complex the statistical
analysis.

True

Variables can be defined in terms of measurable factors through a process of

_______________________________.

Operationalization

It refers to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a
variable.

Levels of Measurement

It is used as a comparison parameter to understand whether the variables are greater or

lesser than one another using sorting.

Ordinal

When the number of elements of the population is fixed and thus making it possible to
enumerate it in totality.

Finite Population

Scientific research rarely leads to absolute certainty.

True

The value of statistics is strong because they cannot serve as predictions as well as
probabilities in certain trends.

False

Examples of ratio level data include distance and area (e.g., acreage).

Ratio

The nominal scale forms the basis for such analyses as the Chi-Square because those
analyses require that some category is compared to at least one other category.

False

In ordinal measurement the numerical values just "name" the attribute uniquely.

False

The independent variables are called as predicator variable because independent variables
predict or forecast the values of the dependent variable in the model.

True
It means a subgroup of the members of population chosen for participation in the study

Sample

It is the variable whose change isn’t affected by any other variable in the experiment.

Independent Variable

What does it says about question number 5?

More people receives sports gear

Example of this are number of episodes of respiratory arrests or the number of re-
intubations in an intensive care unit.

Discrete Data

It has have no order and thus only gives names or labels to various categories.

Nominal

The characteristic of population based on all units is called parameter while the measure of
sample observation is called statistic.

True

We use statistics when the number of cases that can occur are really small.

False

These are the two main branches of statistics

 Descriptive and Inferential

It is also a logical grouping of attributes.

Variable

The interval scale gives the ability to quantify and differentiate between options.

True

Ratio scale is the 2nd level of measurement that reports the ranking and ordering of the
data without actually establishing the degree of variation between them.

False

There is a subtype in ordinal scale with only two categories like one of the nominal scale
and is known as dichotomous ordinal scale.

False
Which is not an importance of levels of measurements?

Helps in solving complex mathematical problems

When the number of units in a population are uncountable, and so it is impossible to

observe all the items of the universe

Infinite

It has an absolute zero.

Ratio

Knowing the level of measurement helps you decide what statistical analysis is appropriate
on the values that were assigned

True

Classify the level of measurement it belongs: Gender

Nominal

Standard Deviation is a measure of how spread out is the distribution.

False

It is a variable that goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis.

Dependent Variable

How many levels of measurements were discussed?

Four

Variables are central to any analysis and they do not need to be understood well by the
researcher.

False

Say you want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so
you can get the most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see
which bag pops the most popcorn kernels. Which among the choices is the independent
variable?

Brand of popcorn bags

It is when numbers don’t define the characteristics related to the object.

Nominal

Independent and dependent variables always go on the same places in a graph.

True

Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information
from data.

False

It is often based on statements of statistical significance and probability.

Modern science

The mean is sensitive to any change in value, unlike the median and mode, where a change
to an extreme or uncommon value usually has no effect.

True

It is the branch of statistics that involves drawing conclusions about a population based on
the information contained in a sample taken from that population.

 Inferential Statistics

It is the study of how to collect, organize, analyze, and interpret numerical information from
data.

 Statistics

It involves the application of specific statistical techniques to disciplines in biology such as

population genetics, epidemiology and public health.

Biostatistics

Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information
from data.

False

Comparison is one of the main functions of economics as the absolute figures convey a very
less meaning.

False

It gives the ability to quantify and differentiate between options.

Interval

It varies according to changes in other variables.

 Dependent Variable
The concept of measurement has been developed in conjunction with the concepts of
numbers and units of measurement.

True

Which is not classified as Nominal?

 Age

Descriptive Statistics is the branch of statistics that involves organizing, displaying and
describing data.

True

These are measurements for which there is no natural numerical scale, but which consist of
attributes, labels, or other non numerical characteristics.

Qualitative Data

Which is an example of interval scale?

Time of the day on a 12-hour clock

The significance of statistical figures can be seen best when invalidating solid arguments or
predictions out of hypotheses or conjectures that may seem overwhelming to a layman.

True

The value of statistics is strong because they can serve as predictions as well as probabilities
in certain trends.

True

Which among the data is a sample?

One section out of all IT Students

Statistics provide a measure of proof that something is true.

True

In ratio scale, variables can be systematically added, subtracted, multiplied and divided.

True

Nominal provides the least amount of detail, and ratio provide the most amount of detail.

True

Which is not a level of measurement in Statistics?

Proportion
Statistics is only the science of uncertainty and not the technology of extracting information
from data.

False

It has the highest level of measurements.

Ratio

It is a characteristic that varies from one individual member of population to another

individual.

Variable

It is the outcome variable measured in each subject, which may be influenced by

manipulation of what variable?

Independent

Statistical variables do not contain numerical values but rather something

__________________________.

 Descriptive

Which among the set is bimodal?

{12, 22, 43, 22, 12}

This industry use statistical approaches to estimate the number of depositors and their
claims for a certain day

Banking

Achievement is classified under what level of measurement?

 Interval

It is the average of all the elements of a set

Mean

Qualitative data are variables that cannot be ordered in a logical or natural way.

True

Say youre interested in how rising sea temperatures impact algae life, so you design an
experiment that measures the number of algae in a sample of water taken from a specific
ocean site under varying temperatures. What is the independent variable?

The temperature of the ocean

It is a nominal level variable that can take only two values (yes/no, male/female,
Hungarian/non-Hungarian).

Dichotomy

It is commonly used for analyzing experiment results, testing their significance and
displaying the results accordingly.

Statistical Method

It depends on physically measuring things.

Experimental Method

How many levels of measurements were discussed?

Four

It is also a logical grouping of attributes.

Variable

Age is under what level of measurements?

Ratio

Statistics help predicts the future course of action of the phenomena.

Forecasting

One disadvantage of the mean is that a small number of extreme values can distort its
value.

True

Using a ratio scale permits comparisons such as being twice as high, or one-half as much.

True

The central tendency of the ordinal scale is _______________________________.

Median

What is a number or attribute computed for each member of a population or a sample?

Measurement

Compute the frequency of all nominal variables using what formula?

=COUNTIF()

What does it says about question number 5?

More people 1does not believe in Fairy

All measurements contain some uncertainty and error, and statistical methods help us
quantify and characterize this uncertainty.

True

It is used to make predictions or comparisons about a larger group (a population) using

information gathered about a small part of that population.

 Inferential Statistics

It aims to describe various aspects of the data obtained in the study.

Descriptive Statistics

Quiz 3 >>10/10
If you have parametric data, you can run a Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare means
False

It provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or processes.

Statistical Test

Parametric tests have no statistical power

False

This test is used to test for differences between groups with ordinal dependent variables

Friedman test

Use this test instead of a one-way ANOVA to find out if two or more medians are different.

Kruskal- Wallis test

Descriptive statistics are very important because if we simply presented our raw data it
would be hard to visualize what the data was showing, especially if there was a lot of it.

True

The intent is to determine whether there is enough evidence to "reject" a conjecture or

hypothesis about the process. The conjecture is called the ______________________

H0

Those that make assumptions about the parameters of the population distribution from
which the sample is drawn
Parametric Test

The parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making
statements about the mean of the parent population

True

Measures of central tendency are ways of describing the central position of a frequency
distribution for a group of data.

True

Quiz 4 >>10/10
Descriptive Statistics are used to present _______________ descriptions in a manageable form.

Quantitative

It involves the examination across cases of one variable at a time.

Univariate Analysis

Variance is a square of average distance between each quantity and mean.

False

Measures of dispersion aim to provide an accurate description of the entire data

False

In statistics and probability, quartiles are values that divide your data into quarters provided
data is sorted in an ascending order.

True

It is the most frequently occurring variable in a distribution.

Mode

It gives an indication of how close an individual observation clusters about the mean value

Variance

A researcher can create a map to represent data relationships visually using this

GIS Program

Descriptive statistics are typically distinguished from ____________________________.

Inferential Statistics
We use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed
difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by
chance in this study

True

Measures of central location include the range, quartiles and the interquartile range,
variance and standard deviation

False

Distributions cannot be displayed using percentages

False

What is the median of the scores of the subject Language?

 5

With descriptive statistics you are simply ________________ what is or what the data shows

Describing

Descriptive Statistics simply summaries about the sample and the measures

True

There are four major characteristics of a single variable that we tend to look at

False

It is defined as the middle of a distribution in a ranked data

Median

What function is use to compute for the average in Excel?

=AVERAGE()

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points tend to be close to the mean of the
data set.

True

Display networks of relationships among variables, enabling researchers to identify the

nature of relationships that would otherwise be too complex to conceptualize

Sociograms
The _______, ___________ and ____________ are the three commonly used measures of central
tendency

Mean, Median, Mode

It is the difference between lowest and highest value.

Range

Every time you try to describe a large set of observations with a single indicator you run the
risk of distorting the original data or losing important detail.

True

A set cannot have more than one mode.

False

It is defined as "the statistical measure that identifies a single value as representative of an

entire distribution."

Central Tendency

The most complicated distribution would list every value of a variable and the number of
persons who had each value

False

Negative IQR is fine, if your data is in descending order

True

Mean may be influenced profoundly by the extreme variables called _____________________.

Outliers

It provides a visual representation of the data.

Graphical Method

Visually represent the frequencies with which values of variables occur.

Histograms

Descriptive Statistics can be used to highlight potential relationships between variables.

False

Percentile is a way to represent position of a values in data set.

True
Descriptive statistics help us to simplify large amounts of data in a sensible way.

True

It is used to describe the basic features of the data in a study

 Descriptive Statistics

The formula of sample mean is 

-True

A low standard deviation indicates that the data points are spread out over a wider range of
values.

True

What is the average of scores of the subject Mathematics?

 3 mali

It is a computer system capable of capturing, storing, analyzing, and displaying

geographically referenced information; that is, data identified according to location

GIS

It is the measurement of average distance between each quantity and mean

Standard Deviation

Display the relationship between two quantitative or numeric variables by plotting one
variable against the value of another variable

Scatter Plots

What other solution can you do to compute for the average of the scores?

=SUM()/30 not sure

It is a measure of where the "middle fifty" is in a data set

Interquartile Range

It is the difference between lowest and highest value.

 Range

What is the mode of the scores of the subject Mathematics?

 2 mali

It involves the examination across cases of one variable at a time.

Univariate Analysis

Display the relationship between two quantitative or numeric variables by plotting one
variable against the value of another variable

Scatter Plots

It is the most frequently occurring variable in a distribution.

Mode

It is the measurement of average distance between each quantity and mean

Standard Deviation

Negative IQR is fine, if your data is in descending order

True

We use inferential statistics to make judgments of the probability that an observed

difference between groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by
chance in this study

True

Descriptive Statistics are used to present _______________ descriptions in a manageable form.

Quantitative

What function is use to compute for the average in Excel?

=AVERAGE()

Percentile is a way to represent position of a values in data set.

True

It is a measure of where the "middle fifty" is in a data set

Interquartile Range
Scientific data rarely lead to absolute conclusions.

True

Which is classified as Ratio?

 Sibling

It is the scientific study of earthquakes.

Seismology

It is the scientific study of earthquakes.

Seismology

It refers to the relationship among the values that are assigned to the attributes for a
variable.

Levels of Measurement

It involves the application of specific statistical techniques to disciplines in biology such as

population genetics, epidemiology and public health.

Biostatistics

Nominal is hardly measurement. It refers to quantity more than quality.

False

Which is not an importance of levels of measurements?

 Helps in solving complex mathematical problems

It varies according to changes in other variables.

 Dependent Variable

It is commonly used for analyzing experiment results, testing their significance and
displaying the results accordingly.

Statistical Method

The independent variables are called as predicated variable because independent variables
predict or forecast the values of the dependent variable in the model.

False

The significance of statistical figures can be seen best when validating solid arguments or
predictions out of hypotheses or conjectures that may seem overwhelming to a layman.

True
The statistics are presented in a indefinite form so they also help in condensing the data
into important figures.

False

Although in an interval scale, since there is an absence of the absolute 0 and it works on the
principal of an arbitrary 0, the division of variables is not possible.

True

It is a variable that goes on the y-axis, or vertical axis.

Dependent Variable

Say you want to figure out which brand of microwave popcorn pops the most kernels so
you can get the most value for your money. You test different brands of popcorn to see
which bag pops the most popcorn kernels. Which among the choices is the independent
variable?

Brand of popcorn bags

Sex or Gender is classified under what level of measurement?

Nominal

There are two key variables in every experiment: the dependent variable and the
independent variable.

True

Which is not a level of measurement?

Proportion

It is often based on statements of statistical significance and probability.

Modern science

Point _______________________ is an essential characteristic to measure a ratio between any two

variables.

Zero

Examples of ________ level data include temperature and year.  

 Interval

It is always possible to transform data from a higher level to a lower level but never the
other way around

True
It is a branch of science that deals with the collection, organization, analysis of data and
drawing of inferences from the samples to the whole population.

Statistics

The randomly selected 100 students for a survey is called a population

False

Nominal scale is _______________________ in nature, which means numbers are used here only
to categorize or identify objects.

Qualitative

It is important to study statistics in order to formulate well-advance predictions.

True

It is the science of uncertainty.

Probability and Statistics

The statistics are presented in a indefinite form so they also help in condensing the data
into important figures.

False

Quiz 6 >>10/10
You find a statistically significant ANOVA. In order to determine which groups are different,
you must conduct

either planned or unplanned comparisons

Which of the following is an assumption of one-way ANOVA comparing samples from three
or more experimental treatments?

All of the mentioned

The null hypothesis in analysis of variance asks whether

specific groups are the same

The degrees of freedom for k columns of size n will be..

 k-1

Conducting a single F test in one-way ANOVA protects us from Type II error.

False

If you have categorical data, you'll want to run a non-parametric ANOVA (usually found
under a different heading in the software, like "nonparametric tests").

False

The greater the value of the F ratio,

 the less the sample distributions overlap.

T-test can help you to figure out if you need to reject the null hypothesis or accept the
alternate hypothesis.

False

The F ratio is defined as the average within-groups variance divided by the average
between-groups variance.

False

The alternative hypothesis for the test is that the two means are equal.

False

It compares the means of two (and only two) groups when the variances are not equal.

T-Test

If the MSE of an ANOVA for six treatment groups is known, you can compute

 the pooled standard deviation

Analysis of Variance

ANOVA

The ANOVA structural model (X = + + ) maps sample scores in terms of populations,

groups, and individual scores.

True

The number of rows in which total variance in a one way ANOVA partitioned is..

 2

An ANOVA test is a way to find out if survey or experiment results are significant

True

As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will

Increase

The ______ sum of squares measures the variability of the observed values around their
respective treatment means.

Error

A Student's t-test will tell you if there is a significant variation between groups.

True

ANOVA tests in statistics packages are run on parametric data.

True

The degrees of freedom for k  columns of size n will be  

k-1

The number of rows in which total variance in a two way analysis of variance partitioned is:

Which of these distributions is used for accepting Ho  

None of these

One way ANOVA was conducted for 4 columns with 6 elements in each column. What is
decision?

-Accept + Ho

If data in a two way classification is displayed in r rows and k columns, then the degrees of
freedom for interaction will be

(r-1)(k-1)

The degrees of freedom associated with the denominator (r row & k column) of 
F-test in the analysis of variance one way are  

k(r-1)
The degrees of freedom for the error sum of squares in 2 way ANOVA  

rk-r -k+1
The error sum of squares in a one way analysis of variance is given by  

None of these
The number of rows in which total variance in a one way analysis of variance partitioned is:
2
The sum of squares due to column factor for one way analysis of variance is given by:  

SST-SSE
To test equality of means of more than 2 populations which of the following techniques is
used  

Analysis of variance
Any difference among the population means in the analysis of variance will inflate the
expected value of

MS Columns
Test statistic for equality of r population means is

MSC / MSE
The error sum of squares can be obtained from the equation in 2 way ANOVA

SSE= SST – SSR – SSC

Which of the following assumptions of ANOVA can be discarded in case the sample size is
large  

Samples are drawn from a normal population

Finals >> 41/50

What is the simplest case in presenting Chi-Square?

2x2 Contingency Table

It is the selection of a subset (a statistical sample) of individuals from within a statistical

population to estimate characteristics of the whole population.

Sampling

One of the reasons that a correlated-groups design is more powerful than an independent-
samples design is that in the correlated-groups design

the dependent measure is correlated with the subject variables.

If I want to compare the performance of a particular group to an established, accepted

average but information about the population standard deviation is not available. I should
 conduct a one-sample t-test

______________ correlation exists when one variable decreases as the other variable decreases,
or one variable increases while the other increases.

 Positive

The number of rows in which total variance in a two way ANOVA partitioned is..

 3

Parametric statistical procedures are less powerful because they use less information in their
calculation.

False

If any of the expected cell frequencies are less than 5, categories can be combined so that
all expected frequencies are at least 5.

False

A one way ANOVA will tell you that at least two groups were different from each other.

True

What is the alternative name for a repeated-measures t-test?

A paired-samples t-test

What assumption(s) must be met to conduct an independent-samples t-test?

All of these

On the negative side, findings of correlation does not indicate causations i.e. cause and
effect relationships.

True

The F ratio is defined as the average within-groups variance divided by the average
between-groups variance.

False

It infers properties of population, for example by testing hypotheses and deriving estimates.

Inferential Statistics

The degrees of freedom for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test are calculated as N-1.

False
The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each
other.

True

In this, the hypotheses are not about population parameters

 Parametric Test

The t-test family is not based on the t-distribution, because the difference of mean score for
two multivariate normal variables approximates the t-distribution.

False

It is not meant to imply that such models completely lack parameters but that the number
and nature of the parameters are flexible and not fixed in advance.

Non Parametric Test

It is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their

convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.

Convenience Sampling

You carried out an ANOVA on a preliminary sample of data.  You then collected additional
data from the same groups; the difference being that the sample sizes for each group were
increased by a factor of 10, and the within-group variability has decreased substantially. 
Which of the following statements is NOT correct.

The degrees of freedom associated with the treatment term has increased

The null hypothesis for all chi-square tests asks whether the observed number of cases in a
sample what we expect from knowledge of the population.

True

Non-parametric tests are valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally
distributed data, so why not use them all the time?

True

If most points depict a dispersed descending line this would suggest there would be a weak
positive relationship

True

Which is not an importance of levels of measurements?

 Helps in solving complex mathematical problems

Which of the following statistics are important when interpreting an independent samples t-
test?

All of these

The only difference between the z and single sample t-test are the size of the samples.

True

Homoscedasticity can be checked using which type of graph?

Scatter graph

Correlation analysis can study a wide range of variables and their interrelations.

True

The Chi-Square Goodness of Fit is often used in genetics to compare the results of a cross
with the theoretical distribution based on genetic theory

True

It is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample (a population
or a probability distribution).

Median

Which of the following would most likely cause the confidence interval to become smaller?

Decreasing the standard error

Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was designed just for linear relationships. Technically, if we
get a low value, or a zero value, it does not mean that there is no relationship. It just means
that there is no linear relationship.

True

If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is _____________
change in one variable, there is systematic change in the other

Systematic

The null hypothesis for the chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the distribution of

the sample means is equal to the expected distribution based on theory/knowledge of the
population.

The greater the value of the F ratio,

the less the sample distributions overlap.

If there is correlation found, depending upon the numerical values measured, this can be
either positive or negative.

True

In a chi-square test, the "expected" counts are the values we expect if there is an association
between the variables.

False

The number of rows in which total variance in a one way ANOVA partitioned is..

The sum of squares due to the column factor for one way analysis of variance is given by

SST-SSE

What name is given to data which can be ranked?

Ordinal data

The alternative hypothesis for the test is that the two means are equal.

False

It is used to compare the mean of a population with a theoretical value.

One-Sample

The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical
variables.

True

Negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which one variable increases
as the other decreases, and vice versa.

Negative

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Use this test instead of a one-way ANOVA to find out if two or more medians are different.

Select one:

a. Mood's Median test

b. Spearman Rank Correlation

c. Mann-Whitney test

d. Kruskal - Wallis test

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The non-parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making
statements about the mean of the parent population.

Select one:

True

False

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It is the most frequently occurring variable in a distribution.

Select one:

a. Range

b. Mean

c. Median

d. Mode

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Individuals are selected at regular intervals from the sampling frame.

Select one:

a. Systematic Sampling

b. Clustered Sampling

c. Stratified Sampling

d. Simple Random Sampling

Question 6
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If you are using interval or ratio scales you use non-parametric statistics.

Select one:

True

False

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It is difficult to do flexible modelling with non-parametric tests, for example allowing for
confounding factors using multiple regression.

Select one:

True

False

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When the difference between two population averages is being investigated, a t test is used

Select one:

True

False

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With this test, you also estimate the population median and compare it to a
reference/target value.

Select one:

a. Friedman test

b. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

c. Goodman Kruska's Gamma

d. 1-sample sign test

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Non-probability sampling guarantees that the selection process is completely randomized

and without bias

Select one:

True

False

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Analysis should reflect the design, and so a matched design should be followed by a
matched analysis.

Select one:

True

False

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Non-parametric tests are "distribution-free" and, as such, can be used for non-Normal
variables.

Select one:

True

False

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It is the test of association for ranked variables.

Select one:

a. 1-sample sign test

b. Friedman test

c. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

d. Goodman Kruska's Gamma

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It is a measure of where the "middle fifty" is in a data set

Select one:

a. Variance

b. Percentile

c. Interquartile Range

d. Range

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Each individual is chosen entirely by chance and each member of the population has an
equal chance, or probability, of being selected

Select one:

a. Stratified Sampling

b. Simple Random Sampling

c. Clustered Sampling

d. Systematic Sampling
Question 18
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This method is a nonprobability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit
future subjects from among their acquaintances.

Select one:

a. Quota Sampling

b. Purpose Sampling

c. Snowball Sampling

d. Convenience Sampling

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It gives an indication of how close an individual observation clusters about the mean value

Select one:

a. Variance

b. Standard Deviation
c. Percentile

d. Range

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This test is used to test for differences between groups with ordinal dependent variables.

Select one:

a. Goodman Kruska's Gamma

b. 1-sample sign test

c. 1-sample Wilcoxon signed rank test

d. Friedman test

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Parametric tests are those that make assumptions about the parameters of the population
distribution from which the sample is drawn.

Select one:
 True

False

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Parametric statistical procedures are less powerful because they use less information in their
calculation.

Select one:

True

False

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Subgroups of the population are used as the sampling unit, rather than individuals

Select one:

a. Systematic Sampling

b. Stratified Sampling
c. Clustered Sampling

d. Simple Random Sampling

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It is the measurement of average distance between each quantity and mean

Select one:

a. Range

b. Variance

c. Percentile

d. Standard Deviation

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In this method, the population is first divided into subgroups (or strata) who all share a
similar characteristic.

Select one:
a. Simple Random Sampling

b. Systematic Sampling

c. Clustered Sampling

d. Stratified Sampling

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It is a type of non-probability sampling that involves the sample being drawn from that part
of the population that is close to hand.

Select one:

a. Purpose Sampling

b. Quota Sampling

c. Snowball Sampling

d. Convenience Sampling

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This is a sampling technique where the samples are gathered in a process that does not give
all the individuals in the population equal chances of being selected.

Select one:

a. Non Probability Sampling

b. Sampling

c. Population Sampling

d. Probability Sampling

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A statistical test provides a mechanism for making quantitative decisions about a process or
processes.

Select one:

True

False

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If your measurement scale is nominal or ordinal then you use parametric statistics

Select one:

True

False

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A potential source of confusion in working out what statistics to use in analysing data is
whether your data allows for parametric or non-parametric statistics.

Select one:

True

False

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We are rarely interested in a significance test alone; we would like to say something about
the population from which the samples came, and this is best done with estimates of
parameters and confidence intervals.

Select one:

True

False

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Non-parametric tests are valid for both non-Normally distributed data and Normally
distributed data, so why not use them all the time?

Select one:

True

False

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A non-parameter in statistics refers to an aspect of a population, as opposed to a statistic,

which refers to an aspect about a sample.

Select one:

True

False

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Parametric tests usually have more statistical power than their non-parametric equivalents.

Select one:

True

False

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This is a non-probability samplingtechnique wherein the assembled sample has the same
proportions of individuals as the entire population with respect to known characteristics,
traits or focused phenomenon.

Select one:

a. Quota Sampling

b. Snowball Sampling

c. Purpose Sampling

d. Convenience Sampling

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It is the difference between lowest and highest value.

Select one:

a. Range

b. Standard Deviation

c. Percentile
d. Variance

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Point _______________________ is an essential characteristic to measure a ratio between any two

variables.

Select one:

a. Three

b. Two

c. Zero

d. One

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A chi square distribution with n degrees of freedom is equal to a gamma distribution with a
= n / 2 and b = 0.5 (or β = 2).
Select one:

True

False

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Conducting multiple t-tests increases the likelihood of which of the following?

Select one:

a. Type II error

b. Homogeneity

c. Establishing normality

d. Type I error

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A one way ANOVA will tell you that at least two groups were different from each other.

Select one:
 True

False

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What is the first stage in statistics?

Select one:

a. Summarize data

b. Analyze data

c. Identify the group of people to be studied

d. Review the materials

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Measurement has how many levels?

Select one:

a. Three
b. Six

c. Four

d. Five

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The non-parametric test is the hypothesis test which provides generalizations for making
statements about the mean of the parent population.

Select one:

True

False

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It is the nonparametric version of the Pearson product-moment correlation.

Select one:

a. Mood's Median test

b. Mann-Whitney test

c. Spearman Rank Correlation

d. Kruskal - Wallis test

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What is the purpose of a goodness-of-fit test?

Select one:

a. To find relationships in the data

b. To assesses whether the central tendency, variability and distribution of sample is
different from that of the population

c. To extract factors from the data

d. To assess whether there is a significant difference between a collection of categorical

data

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H0 means

Select one:

a. Alternative Hypothesis

b. No Chances

c. Zero Hypothesis

d. Null Hypothesis

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If your measurement scale is nominal or ordinal then you use parametric statistics

Select one:

True

False

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You find a statistically significant ANOVA. In order to determine which groups are different,
you must conduct

Select one:

a. either planned or unplanned comparisons

b. planned comparisons

c. unplanned comparisons

d. both planned and unplanned comparisons

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It involves a combination of two or more sampling techniques enumerated above

Select one:

a. Probability Sampling

b. Population Sampling

c. Non Probability Sampling

d. Sampling

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The Chi-Square statistic is most commonly used to evaluate Tests of Independence when
using a crosstabulation (also known as a bivariate table).

Select one:

True

False

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It is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an
instrument or a sound recording in a different song or piece

Select one:

a. Population

b. Sampling

c. Population Sampling

d. Sample

Question 23
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If FDATA follows an F distribution with df1=4 and df2=5, what is the boundary value of F
where            P(FDATA < F) = 0.95?
Select one:

a. 5.1922

b. 0.06

c. 11,3919

d. 6.2912

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This particular type of analysis is useful when a researcher wants to establish if there are
possible connectionsbetween variables.

Select one:

a. Correlation Analysis

b. T-Test

c. Chi-Square
d. ANOVA

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It is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for
typically two variables for a set of data.

Select one:

a. Scatter Plots

b. Histograms

c. GIS

d. Sociograms

Question 28
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Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ________ of several populations.

Select one:

a. variances
b. means

c. standard deviations

d. proportions

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T-test can help you to figure out if you need to reject the null hypothesis or accept the
alternate hypothesis.

Select one:

True

False

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The gamma distribution describes the square root of a variable distributed according to a
chi-square distribution

Select one:
 True

False

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It is a single value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position
within that set of data.

Select one:

a. Central Tendency

b. Measures of Location

c. Measures of Spread

d. Measures of Dispersion

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What name is given to data which can be ranked?

Select one:
a. Normally distributed data

b. Interval data

c. Ordinal data

d. Categorical data

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To find the ____________, place the numbers in value order and find the middle.

Select one:

a. Mode

b. Range

c. Median

d. Mean

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The ______ sum of squares measures the variability of the observed values around their
respective treatment means.
Select one:

a. total

b. treatment

c. error

d. interaction

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If most points depict a dispersed descending line this would suggest there would be a weak
positive relationship

Select one:

True

False

Question 37
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It is a measure of the strength and direction of association that exists between two variables
measured on at least an interval scale.

Select one:

a. Pearson's product-moment correlation

b. Correlation Analysis

c. Spearman's Rank

d. Autocorrelation

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Crosstabulation presents the distributions of two categorical variables simultaneously, with

the intersections of the categories of the variables appearing in the cells of the table.

Select one:

True

False

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The Chi Square statistic is commonly used for testing relationships between categorical
variables.

Select one:

True

False

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It is the event expected to change when the independent variable is manipulated

Select one:

a. Erroneous Variable

b. Independent Variable

c. Dependent Variable

d. Continuous Variable

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If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is a systematic
change in one variable, there is also a systematic change in the other

Select one:

True

False

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With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable fits a normal distribution

Select one:

True

False

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You obtain a sample chi-square value of  X2 = -5.49. On the basis of this value, you know
that
Select one:
a. there is a negative association between your two variables.

b. the observed frequencies are higher than the expected frequencies across at least half of
your cells.

c. the observed frequencies are lower than the expected frequencies across all cells.

d. you have made a calculation error; chi-square values cannot be negative.

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In a chi-square test for goodness of fit, the null hypothesis is used to create an ideal,
hypothetical sample. The frequencies in the ideal sample are called _____.

Select one:

a. Observed Frequencies

b. Null

c. Theoretical Frequencies

d. Expected Frequencies

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What is the null hypothesis in chi-square test?

Select one:

a. The rows and columns are not the same

b. The rows and columns are associated

c. The rows and columns are the same

d. The rows and columns are not associated

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It is used to understand the nature of relationships between two individual variables.

Select one:

a. Chi-Square

b. T-Test

c. ANOVA

d. Correlation Analysis

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The degrees of freedom for a chi-square goodness-of-fit test are calculated as N-1.
Select one:

True

False

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If any of the expected cell frequencies are less than 5, categories can be combined so that
all expected frequencies are at least 5.

Select one:

True

False

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If correlation is found between two variables it means that when there is _____________
change in one variable, there is systematic change in the other

Select one:

a. Systematic

b. Discrete

c. No

d. Unsystematic

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Methods of correlation and regression cannot be used in order to analyze the extent and
the nature of relationships between different variables

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True
 False

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Question 3
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Correlation analysis as a research method offers a range of advantages

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True

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Question 4
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______________ correlation exists if one variable increases simultaneously with the other, i.e.
the high numerical values of one variable relate to the high numerical values of the other.

Select one:

a. Regression

b. Negative

c. Analytical

d. Positive

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Question 6
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Negative correlation exists if one variable decreases when the other increases, i.e. the high
numerical values of one variable relate to the low numerical values of the other.

Select one:

a. Analytical

b. Positive

c. Regression

d. Negative

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Question 7
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It is a method of statistical evaluation used to study the strength of a relationship between

two, numerically measured, continuous variables (e.g. height and weight).

Select one:

a. T-Test

b. Chi-Square

c. Correlation Analysis

d. ANOVA

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Question 8
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The correlation coefficient is sensitive to outlying points therefore the correlation coefficient
is resistant.

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Question 9
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You cannot use a Pearson's correlation to understand whether there is an association

between exam performance and time spent revising

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True

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Question 10
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It is calculated by changing lagged data with the formula for the Pearson product-moment
correlation coefficient.

Select one:

a. Spearman's Rank

b. Pearson's product-moment coefficient

c. Correlation Analysis

d. Autocorrelation Coefficient

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Question 3
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With all inferential statistics, we assume the dependent variable fits a normal distribution

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Question 4
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What is the alternative name for a repeated-measures t-test?

Select one:

a. A paired-samples t-test

b. Chi-squared test of difference

c. Spearman's Rho

d. A Wilcoxon test

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Question 5
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Question text

The t-test assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each
other.

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True

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Question 6
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What assumption(s) must be met to conduct an independent-samples t-test?

Select one:

a. The data from the dependent variable must be normally distributed

b. The data from the dependent variable must be interval or ratio

c. All of these

d. There must be random sampling of cases

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Question 7
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When the difference between two population averages is being investigated, a t test is used

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Question 8
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The t-test family is not based on the t-distribution, because the difference of mean score for
two multivariate normal variables approximates the t-distribution.

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True

False
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Question 9
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A repeated measures t-test can be used to assess which of the following?

Select one:

a. It assesses how many factors there are in questionnaire data

b. It assesses relationships between two interval data sets

c. It assesses differences between scores obtained on two separate occasions from the same
participants

d. It assesses differences between two groups of participants

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Question 10
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Question text

Which of the following statistics are important when interpreting an independent samples t-
test?

Select one:

a. Descriptive statistics

b. All of these

c. T scores

d. Significance level

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Question 2
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A Student's t-test will tell you if there is a significant variation between groups.

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True

False

Question 3
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To test equality of means of more than 2 populations which of the following techniques is
used?

Select one:

a. ANOVA

b. Interval estimate

c. Chi-Square Test

d. T-test

Question 4
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There are commonly two types of ANOVA tests for univariate analysis - One-Way ANOVA
and Two-Way ANOVA.

Select one:

True

False

Question 5
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A one way ANOVA will tell you that at least two groups were different from each other.

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True

False

Question 6
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The number of rows in which total variance in a one way ANOVA partitioned is..

Select one:

a. 2

b. 4

c. 0

d. 3

Question 7
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A t-test compares means, while the ANOVA compares variances between populations. You
could technically perform a series of t-tests on your data
Select one:

True

False

Question 8
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Test statistic for equality of r population means is

Select one:

a. MSC/MSE

b. No Answer

c. SSC/SST

d. MSC/MST

Question 9
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A two way ANOVA is used to compare two means from two independent (unrelated) groups
using the F-distribution.

Select one:

True

False

Question 10
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The error sum of squares can be obtained from the equation in two way ANOVA
Select one:

a. SSE = SST – SSR - SSC

b. SST = SST + SSR - SSE

c. SSE = SST + SSR - SSC

d. SSE = SST + SSR + SSC

Question 1
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If the true means of the k populations are equal, then MSTR/MSE should be:
Select one:

a. a negative value between 0 and - 1

b. more than 1.00

c. close to 1.00

d. close to 0.00

Question 2
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Analysis of variance is a statistical method of comparing the ________ of several populations.

Select one:

a. variances

b. standard deviations

c. proportions

d. means
Question 3
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As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will

Select one:

a. Increase

b. can’t tell from the given information

c. Stay the same

d. decrease

Question 4
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Which of the following is an assumption of one-way ANOVA comparing samples from three
or more experimental treatments?
Select one:

a. All the response variables within the k populations follow a normal distributions.

b. All of the mentioned

c. The samples associated with each population are randomly selected and are independent
from all other samples

d. The response variable within each of the k populations have equal variances.

Question 5
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If the MSE of an ANOVA for six treatment groups is known, you can compute
Select one:

a. all answers are correct

b. df1

c. the pooled standard deviation

d. the standard deviation of each treatment group

Question 6
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When the k population means are truly different from each other, it is likely that the average
error deviation:
Select one:
a. None of the mentioned

b. is relatively small compared to the average treatment deviations

c. is relatively large compared to the average treatment deviations

d. is about equal to the average treatment deviation

Question 7
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The ______ sum of squares measures the variability of the observed values around their
respective treatment means.
Select one:

a. total

b. interaction

c. error

d. treatment

Question 8
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The ________ sum of squares measures the variability of the sample treatment means around
the overall mean
Select one:

a. error

b. total

c. interaction

d. treatment

Question 9
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To determine whether the test statistic of ANOVA is statistically significant, it can be

compared to a critical value. What two pieces of information are needed to determine the
critical value?
Select one:

a. mean, sample standard deviation

b. sample size, number of groups

c. expected frequency, obtained frequency

d. None of the mentioned

Question 10
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The error deviations within the SSE statistic measure distances:

Select one:

a. between each value and the grand mean

b. None of the mentioned

c. within groups

d. between groups

Question 1
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The alternative hypothesis for the test is that the two means are equal.

Select one:

True

False

Question 2
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The greater the value of the F ratio,

Select one:

a. the less the sample distributions overlap.

b. the smaller the total variance.

c. the more the sample distributions overlap.

d. the larger the total variance.

Question 3
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The sum of squares due to the column factor for one way analysis of variance is given by

Select one:

a. SSE-SST

b. SST-SSE

c. No Answer

d. SST+SSE

Question 4
Complete

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If the true means of the k populations are equal, then MSTR/MSE should be:
Select one:

a. more than 1.00

b. a negative value between 0 and - 1

c. close to 1.00

d. close to 0.00

Question 5
Complete

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The ANOVA structural model (X = + + ) maps sample scores in terms of populations,

groups, and individual scores.

Select one:

True

False

Question 6
Complete

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Which of the following is an assumption of one-way ANOVA comparing samples from three
or more experimental treatments?
Select one:

a. The samples associated with each population are randomly selected and are independent
from all other samples

b. All of the mentioned

c. The response variable within each of the k populations have equal variances.

d. All the response variables within the k populations follow a normal distributions.

Question 7
Complete

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As variability due to chance decreases, the value of F will

Select one:

a. Increase

b. decrease
c. can’t tell from the given information

d. Stay the same

Question 8
Complete

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To determine whether the test statistic of ANOVA is statistically significant, it can be

compared to a critical value. What two pieces of information are needed to determine the
critical value?
Select one:

a. sample size, number of groups

b. mean, sample standard deviation

c. expected frequency, obtained frequency

d. None of the mentioned

Question 9
Complete

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A two way ANOVA is used to compare two means from two independent (unrelated) groups
using the F-distribution.
Select one:

True

False

Question 10
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The F ratio is defined as the average within-groups variance divided by the average
between-groups variance.

Select one:

True

False