SECTION ‘A’ EARTHWORK

A.1 Scope. This section includes the following:

A.1.1 a. Complete clearing of site, general site grading, and provision of backfill and garden soil, as indicated.

A.1.2 b. Complete excavating, filling and backfilling for building, as well as for utilities within the building and to
the points of connection with the building utility lines or to terminal points indicated.

A.2 General. Bids shall be based on the following:

A.2.1 a. That the surface elevations are as indicated;

A.2.2 b. That no pipes or other artificial obstructions, except those indicated, will be encountered.

In case the actual conditions differ substantially from those stated and/or shown, the provisions of the contract
respecting an adjustment for changed conditions shall apply, subject to the requirement of notification thereunder being
given. Hard material shall be defined as solid ledge rock, firmly cemented unstratified masses or conglomerate
deposits possessing the characteristics of solid rock not ordinarily removed without systematic drilling and blasting, and
any boulder, masonry or concrete except pavements, exceeding 1/2 cubic yard in volume.

A.3 Degree of compaction. Required compaction is expressed as a percentage of the maximum density
obtained by test procedure of ASTM D1557.

A.4 Excavation, general. The contractor shall perform excavation of every type of material encountered within
the limits of the project to the lines, grades, and elevations indicated and as specified herein. Grading shall be in
conformity with the typical sections shown and shall be finished within a tolerance of 25/100 foot of the grades
indicated. Satisfactory excavated materials shall be transported to and placed in fill areas within work limits.
Unsatisfactory materials encountered below the established sub-grade shown under building or paved areas shall be
excavated 300 mm or 31 cm below grade and replaced with satisfactory materials as directed. In the event that it is
required to remove unsatisfactory material to a greater depth than specified, an adjustment in the contract price will be
made in accordance with the contract. Surplus satisfactory excavated material not required for fill or embankment shall
be disposed of to the designated waste or spoil areas. Unsatisfactory excavated material shall be disposed of in
designated wastes or spoil areas. Excavation and filling shall be performed in manner and sequence that will provide
proper drainage at all times.

A.4.1 Grades’ Cutting, filling and grading will be done to bring all areas of the respective surfacing as fixed by
the finished grade.

A.5 Compaction shall be by rolling with approved tamping rollers, ribratory rollers, pneumatic-tired rollers,
three-wheel power rollers, or other approved equipment well suited to the particular soil being compacted. Material
shall be moistened or aerated as necessary to provide the moisture content that will facilitate obtaining the specified
compaction with the equipment utilized. Each layer shall be compacted to not less than the percentage of maximum
density specified below, determined in accordance with ASTM D1557, method D:

Fills, Embankments, Backfill and Cohesionless Cohesive

Under proposed structures and

Under paved areas, top 31 cm 100 95

Under paved areas, below top

Backfill adjacent to structures 90 90

A.6 Sub-grade preparation.

A.6.1 Construction Sub-grade shall be shaped to line, grade, and cross-section, and compacted as specified.
This operation shall include plowing, disking, and any moistening or aerating required obtaining proper compaction.
Soft or otherwise unsatisfactory excavated material or other approved material as directed in writing. Low areas
resulting from removal of unsatisfactory material or excavation of rock shall be brought up to required grade with
satisfactory materials, and entire sub-grade shaped as specified. Elevation of finish sub-grade shall conform to
elevations shown.

A.6.2 Protection. During construction, any excavation shall be kept shaped and drained. Ditches and drains
shall be maintained in such manner as to drain effectively at all times. Storage or stockpiling of materials on the sub-
grade will not be permitted. Graded areas shall be protected against action of the elements prior to acceptance of the
work. Settlement or washing that may have occurred shall be repaired and grades shall be re-established to the
required elevations and slopes immediately prior to installation of paving.

A.7 Excavating, filling and backfilling for building

A.7.1 General. Excavations shall conform to dimensions and elevations indicated for the building structure, and
shall extend a sufficient distance from walls and footings to services, except where the concrete for walls and footings
is authorized to be deposited directly against excavation surfaces. All excavations below general machine excavation
for footings and foundations shall be hand-worked. Bottoms of all footings shall be on level planes.

A.7.2 Excess excavation. Excavations carried below indicated depths will not be permitted except to remove
unsatisfactory material. Unsatisfactory materials encountered below grades shown shall be removed and replaced as
directed with satisfactory materials. Unauthorized material removed below depths indicated shall be replaced, at no
additional cost to the owners, to the indicated excavation grade with satisfactory materials placed and compacted to
100% maximum density except under concrete footings. Any excess cut under footing or foundations shall be filed
with concrete.

A.7.3 Drainage and pumping. Excavate in such a manner that site and area immediately surrounding will be
continually drained. Water shall not be permitted to accumulate in excavations. Do all necessary pumping required to
keep excavations dry. Provide well point system if needed.

A.7.4 Shoring. During excavation shall be furnished and installed as necessary to protect workers, banks,
adjacent paving, structures, and utilities. Shoring, bracing, and sheeting shall be removed, as excavations are
backfilled in such a manner as to prevent injurious caving.

A.7.5 Excavated materials. Satisfactory excavated materials required for fill or backfill shall be separately
stockpiled as directed. Unsatisfactory and surplus excavated materials not required for fill and backfill shall be
disposed of in designated waste area. Stockpiles and wasted materials shall be graded and sloped for proper
drainage.
A.7.6 Backfilling shall not begin until construction below finish grade has been approved, underground utilities
systems have been inspected, tested, and approved, formed removed, and the excavation cleaned of trash and debris.
Backfill shall be brought to indicated finish sub-grade. Backfill shall not be placed in wet areas. Backfill materials shall
be satisfactory materials, free from roots and other organic matter, trash, debris, and stones larger than 75 cm in any
dimensions. Place backfill in 23-cm maximum layers loose depth. Compaction shall be as in Paragraph 2A.5. Fill
shall be compacted by power-driven hand tampers suitable for the material being compacted. Backfill shall not be
placed against foundation walls prior to 7 days after placement of concrete or masonry. As far as practicable, backfill
shall be brought up evenly on each side of the wall and sloped to drain away from the wall. Brace inside of the wall
before backfill is placed on the outside of basement.

A.7.7 Protection. Settlement that occurs in backfill areas prior to acceptance of the work shall be repaired and
grades re-established to the required elevation and slope.

A.8 Excavation, trenching and backfilling for utilities.

A.8.1 General. Perform all excavating of every description and of whatever substance encountered to depths
indicated or specified. Pile materials suitable for backfilling a sufficient distance from banks of trenches to prevent
slides or cave-ins. Excavated materials shall be piled to one side only of trenches and in such a manner as to permit
ready access to and use of existing utilities system. All excavated materials not required or suitable for backfill shall be
wasted as directed. Water shall be removed by pumping or other approved method and shall be discharged at a safe
distance from the excavation. Sheeting and shoring shall be done as necessary for protection of work and for safety of
personnel.

A.8.2 Trench excavation. Trenches shall be of necessary width for proper laying of pipe, while concrete lining,
duct, or cable, and banks shall be as nearly vertical as practicable. Trench excavation shall be coordinated to avoid
open trenches for prolonged periods. Bottoms of trenches shall be accurately graded to provide uniform bearing and
support for each section of pipe on undisturbed soil at every point along its entire length, except for portions of pipe
sections where it is necessary to excavate for bell holes and for proper making of pipe joints. Bell bottom has been
graded and shall be only 12 mm greater in length, depth and width than the bell, as required for properly making the
particular type of joints, and to insure that the bell does not bear on the bottom of the hole.

A.8.3 Backfilling shall be coordinated with testing of utilities. Where damage is likely to result from withdrawing
sheeting, it shall be left in place and contract price will be adjusted accordingly. Trenches shall be carefully backfilled
with satisfactory materials, consisting of earth, loam, sandy clay, sand and gravel, or soft shale, free from large clod of
earth or stones not over 25 mm in size and deposited in 23 cm maximum layer, loose depth. Backfill shall be brought
up evenly on both sides of pipe for a cover of not less than 31 cm for storm drains. Care shall be taken not to damage
pipe. The remainder of backfill material shall then be deposited in the trench in 31-cm maximum layers and compacted
by mechanical means. Trenches and excavation pits improperly backfilled, or where settlement occurs, shall be
reopened to the depth required for proper compaction, then refilled and compacted, with the surface restored to the
required grade and compaction.