KOLHAN UNIVERSITY, CHAIBASA

University Department of Geology

Revised Draft of Syllabus of P.G.

Programme
 P.G. SYLLABUS (GEOLOGY)

GEOLOGY

M.Sc. Semester – I
GEOL (CC-1)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Structural geology and Geomorphology

Unit-1

Concept of dip and strike and their relationship. Plunge and rake. Stress and strain.
Two- dimensional stress and strain analysis. Types of strain ellipses and ellipsoid,
their properties and geological significance. Deformation- types and mechanism.

Unit-2

Classification, causes and mechanism of folding and buckling. Classification and

mechanism of faulting. Shear zones and their types. Planar and linear structures
and their significance. Concept of petrofabrics and symmetry. Interpretation of
fabric data on microscopic and mesoscopic scale.

Unit 3:

Fundamental concepts – significance of structure, process and time ; A brief

account of concepts of evolution of landform ; Characteristic features of
landforms, Characteristics and types of fluvial landform , Fluvial cycle, concept of
peneplains, stream rejuvenation, causes and effects; Aeolian landform, Arid Cycle
of erosion; Glacial landforms, periodicity of glaciation and its causes; Karst
topography, Relationship of geologic structures to topography; Volcanic landforms

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Unit 4:

Geomorphology of the coasts, classification of shorelines and their

evolution.Evidences of eustatic changes and their causes. Influence of lithology on
relief. Development of landforms of flat lying, tilted, folded, dome and faulted
structures; Development of drainage systems, Drainage Patterns, Drainage analysis
in Geological interpretation. Geomorphic features of India; Application of
Geomorphology in groundwater, mineral and oil exploration and Engineering
projects.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:

Ghosh, S.K. (1993): Structural Geology: Fundamental and Modern Development.

M.P.Billings(1987) Structural Geology.Prentice Hall
G.R.Davis(1984).Structural Geology of Rocks.John Wiley.
D.D.Polard (2005)Fundamentals of Structural Geology. Cambridge Univ Press.

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 P.G. SYLLABUS (GEOLOGY)

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – I
Core Course- GEOL (CC-2)

Theory Full Marks – 70

Total Lecture: 60 Hours
Credit :4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Crystallography and optical mineralogy

Unit-1

Crystalline and amorphous substances. Laws of crystallography. Interfacial angle.

Methods of projection of crystals. Forms in crystals. Symmetry in crystals.
Different systems of notation. Hermann Mauguin notation.

Unit-2

Symmetry elements and common forms of various crystal system. Derivation of 32

crystal classes. Space lattice and Space groups. Twinning- laws and methods of
twinning. Crystal structure by X-rays. Bragg’s law.

Unit-3

Principles of optics. Ordinary and polarized light. Behavior of isotropic and

anisotropic minerals in polarized light. Optic indicatrix, Double refraction. Colour
and pleochroism, Refractive index and surface relief, interference colours,
birefringence, extinction and extinction angle.

Unit-4

Behaviour of Uniaxial and biaxial minerals under convergent polarized light.

Accessory plates. Optic sign determination of uniaxial and biaxial minerals.

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Dispersion in minerals. Special optical characters of Orthorhombic and Monoclinic

crystals.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Dexter Pekins, 2003 – Mineralogy, peason Education Private ltd.
Carmelo Giacovazzo, 2002 – Fundamentals of crystallography, oxford University
Press
Boris KonstantinovichVainshten, 1994 – Modern Crystallography ; Fundamental
of crystals, symmetry and methods of structural crystallography, Springer
Wiiliam D. Nesse, 2009 – Introduction to Mineralogy, Oxford University Press
Dana, E.S. – 1955 – Text Book of mineralogy, Wiley
Wade, F.A. and Mattox, R.E. – 1860 – Elements of crystallography and
Mineralogy Harmer and brods.
Philips, P.C. – 1971 – An introduction to Crystallography, John Wiley
Winchell, A.N. – 1968 – Elements of optical Mineralogy, part, I & II Wiley
Eastern
Berry, L.G. and Mason B, Dietrich. 1983 – Mineralogy – Concept, Descriptions
Determinations, Freeman
Burerger, M.J. – 1956 – Elementary Crystallography Wiley
heinrich, E.W. – 1965 – Microscopic identification of Minerals MsGraw Hill
Naidau, P.R.J.C.S. – 1971 – Johansen’s optical Mineralogy , Allied
Haribury, C.S. – 1091 - Dana’s Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley
Deer, W.A. Howie, R.A. Zussman, J – 1992 – Rock forming Mineralogy Vols. 1 to
5, Longmans.
Hammond, C. 1990. Introduction to Crystallography. Oxford university Press.
Klein, C. 2002 manual of Mineral Science 22nd edition. New York. John Wiley and
Sons.

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 P.G. SYLLABUS (GEOLOGY)

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – I
Core Course- GEOL (CC-3)

Theory Full Marks – 70

Total Lecture: 60 Hours
Credit :4
The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type
consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Mineralogy and Geochemistry

UNIT 1 :
Principles of crystal chemistry; Chemical bonds, ionic, Coordination principles,
Radius ratio,; principles of ionic substitution in minerals; Isomorphism,
Exsolution, Polymorphism, Pseudomorphism; Introduction to XRF, XRD and
Electron Probe.

UNIT 2 :
Structural classification of silicate minerals ; Description of chemistry, optical and
physical properties, and paragenesis of the following mineral group, Garnet Group,
Epidote group, Pyroxene group, Amphibole group.
Unit 3
origin and abundance of elements in the Solar System and in the Earth, cosmis
abundance of elements; Geochemicalclassification of Elements; Radiogenic
Isotopes; Radioactive decay scheme of U-pb, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, K-Ar and growth of
daughter isotopes; Radiometric dating Stable Isotopes: nature, abundance and
fractions;

Unit – 4

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Laws of Thermodynamics and its application in Petrology; Geochemistry and

principles of evolution of hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere Geochemistry
cycle and principles of geochemical prospecting.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Dexter Pekins, 2003 – Mineralogy, peason Education Private ltd.
Carmelo Giacovazzo, 2002 – Fundamentals of crystallography, oxford University
Press
Boris KonstantinovichVainshten, 1994 – Modern Crystallography ; Fundamental
of crystals, symmetry and methods of structural crystallography, Springer
Wiiliam D. Nesse, 2009 – Introduction to Mineralogy, Oxford University Press
Dana, E.S. – 1955 – Text Book of mineralogy, Wiley
Wade, F.A. and Mattox, R.E. – 1860 – Elements of crystallography and
Mineralogy Harmer and brods.
Philips, P.C. – 1971 – An introduction to Crystallography, John Wiley
Winchell, A.N. – 1968 – Elements of optical Mineralogy, part, I & II Wiley
Eastern
Berry, L.G. and Mason B, Dietrich. 1983 – Mineralogy – Concept, Descriptions
Determinations, Freeman
Burerger, M.J. – 1956 – Elementary Crystallography Wiley
heinrich, E.W. – 1965 – Microscopic identification of Minerals MsGraw Hill
Naidau, P.R.J.C.S. – 1971 – Johansen’s optical Mineralogy , Allied
Haribury, C.S. – 1091 - Dana’s Manual of Mineralogy, Wiley
Deer, W.A. Howie, R.A. Zussman, J – 1992 – Rock forming Mineralogy Vols. 1 to
5, Longmans.
Hammond, C. 1990. Introduction to Crystallography. Oxford university Press.
Klein, C. 2002 manual of Mineral Science 22nd edition. New York. John Wiley and
Sons.
Krauskopf, K.B. (1967) : Introduction to Geochemistry, MsGraw Hill
Mason, B. and Moore, C.B. (1991) : Introduction to Geochemistry, Wiley Eastern.
Rollonson, H.R. (1993): Using geochemical data : Evaluation, Presentation
Interpretation , Interpretation Longman U.K.

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 P.G. SYLLABUS (GEOLOGY)

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – I
Core Course- GEOL (CC-4)

Theory Full Marks – 70

Total Lecture: 60 Hours
Credit :4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered. ‘

Igneous and Metamorphic petrology

Unit – 1
Nature and evolution of magma; Plate tectonics and generation of magmas; Plume
magmatism and hot spots; Large igneuous provinces and mafic dyke swams,
Partial melting batch and franctional melting; Crystal Fractionation and
contamination; IUGS classification of the igneous rocks and CIPW norm.

Unit – 2
Phase and evolution – binary systems (Ab-An-Ab-Or-Di-An, Fo-Si) and their
relations to magma genesis and crystallization in the light of modern experience
works; Ternary systems (Di-Ab-An, Di-Fo-Si, Di-Fo-An, Fo-An-Si) and their
relations to magma genesis and crystallization.
Unit – 3
Concept of Zones and Grades: Metamophicfacies and faciesseries ; Fabric in
meramorphism; Classification of Metamorphic Roks. Minerlogical Phase Rule; A

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detailed description of each of low pressure, medium to high pressure and very
high pressure with special reference to mineralogical assemblages Meatmorphic
Differentiation; ACF,AKF and AFM diagrams in metamorphic petrology.

Unit – 4
Regional metamorphism and Ocean Floor Metamorphism; Regional and thermal
metamorphism of politic rocls. Regional and thermal meramorphism of basic and
ultrabasic rocks. Regional and Thermal metamorphism of impure,msilicious
carbonate rocks; Metamorphism of Granitoides, Charnockites and Migmatites.
SUGGESTED BOOKS
Bose, M.K. (1997): Igneous Petrology, World Press, Kolkata
Best, Myron G. (2002): Igneous and Metamorphic Peterology, Blackwell Science.
Cox, K.G. Bell, J.D. and Pankhust, R.J. (1993): The Interpretation of Igneous
Rocks, Champaman and Hallm London.
Faure, G. (2001): Origin of Igneous Rocks, Springer.
Hall A. (1997): Igneous Petrology, Longman.
LeMaitre R.W. (2002) : Igneous Rocks: A Callsification and Glossary of Terms,
Cambridge University Press.
MsBirney (1994): Igneous Petrology, CBS Publ. Delhi.
Phillpotts, A.R. (1994): Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice
Hall of India.
Sood, M.K. (1982): Moden igneous Petrology, Wiley-Interscience Publ., New
York.
Srivastava Rajesh K. and Chandra, R., (1995): magmatism in Relation to Diverse
Tectonic Settings, A.A. Balkema, Rotteram.
Wilson, M. (1993): Igneous Petrogenesis, Chapman and Hall, London.
Winter J.D. (2001): Am Introduction to igneous and Metamorphic Petrology,
Prentice hall, New Jersey .
Philpotts, A.R. (1994) Principles of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice
Hall.
Spry, A. (1976): Metamorphic Textures, Pergamon Press.

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Winter, J.D. (2005): An introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology,

Prentice Hall.
Yardley, B.W.D., Mackenzie, W.S. and Guilford, C. (1995): Atlas of Metamorphic
Rocks and their textures, Longman Scientific and Technical, England.
Yardlley, BW (1989) An introduction to Metamorphic Petrology, Longman, NY
Best, MG. (2004) Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, cbs Publ.
Winkler H.G.F. (1979) Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks, Springer Verlag
Turner E.J. (1980) Metamorphic Petrology, McGraw Hill,NY
Paper-5 - CC(P)-5 practical 6 credits 100 marks

(i) Structural problems related to true and apparent dips.

(ii) Determination of plunge and rake of fold axis/inclined line.
(iii) Determination of fold axis using π and β diagrams
(iv) Three-point problem.
(v) Stereographic projection of crystals.
(vi) Axial ratio calculation of crystals
(vii) Megascopic identification of important rock forming minerals.
(viii) Megascopic identification of important igneous and metamorphic rocks
(ix) Calculation of CIPW norm and classification.
(x) Plotting of ACF and AKF diagrams.
(xi) Microscopic identification of important rock forming minerals.
(xii) Microscopic identification of important igneous and metamorphic rocks.
(xiii) Determination of pleochroic scheme of coloured minerals
(xiv) Optic sign determination of uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
(xv) Geological field work of about one week duration.

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GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – II
GEOL (CC-6)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Sedimentology

Unit- 1

Surface processes and rock weathering, Processes of transport and generation of

sedimentary rocks. Environments of deposition. Lithification and diagenesis.
Composition of sedimentary rocks.

Unit-2

Primary, Secondary and organic structure of sedimentary rocks and their

significance. Clastic and non- clastic textures. Provenance- source of
sediments, compositional maturity, stability of minerals, significance of light
and heavy minerals in provenance study.

Unit-3

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General classification and nomenclature of sedimentary rocks. Classification of

sandstones, limestones and shales.

Unit – 4

Sedimentary environment and facies. Facies modeling for marine, non-marine

and mixed sediments. Tectonics and sedimentation. Classification and
definition of sedimentary basins. Sedimentary basins of India. Cyclic
sediments. Seismic and sequence stratigraphy. Purpose and scope of basin
analysis. Stratum contours and isopach maps.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Blatt, H Middleton, G.V. and Murray, R.C. (1980): Origin of Sedimentary Rocks,
Prentice- Hall Inc.
Collins, J.D., and Thompson, D.B. (1982): Sedimentary Structures, Geology Allen
and Unwin, London.
Lindholm, R.C. (1987) A Practical Approach to Sedimentology, Allen and Unwin,
London. Miall, A.D. (2000): Principles of Basin Analysis, Springer-Verlag.
Pettijohn;, F.J. (1975): Sedimentary Rocks (3rd Ed.), Harper and Row Publ., New
Delhi. Reading, H.G. (1997): Sedimentary Environments and facies, Blackwell
Scientific Publication.
Reineck, H.E. and Single, I.B. (1973): Depositional Sedimentary Environments,
Springer- Verlag.
Selley, R.C. (2000) Applied Sedimentology, Academic. Press.
Tucker, M.E. (1981): Sedimentary Petrology: An Introduction, Wiley and Sons,
Ney York.

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 P.G. SYLLABUS (GEOLOGY)

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – II
GEOL (CC-7)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Stratigraphy of India

Unit-1

Physiographic divisions of India. Structure and tectonics of India. Principles of

stratigraphy. Classification of stratigraphic units- lithostratigraphic,
chronostratigraphic and biostratigraphic units. Geological Time Scale.
Stratigraphic correlation. Concept of Magnetostratigraphy and Sequence
stratigraphy.

Unit-2

Precambrian stratigraphy of Singhbhum and adjoining areas, Dharwar of

Karnataka. Cuddapah and VindhyanSupergroups and their equivalents.

Unit-3

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Palaeozoicstarigraphy: Palaeozoic formations of India with special reference to

type localities. GondwanaSupergroup- sedimentation fossil content, lithology,
classification and economic importance. Mesozoic formations of India-
sedimentation, lithology, fossil content and classification.

Unit-4

Tertiary formations of Northeastern India. Siwalik Group- lithology, faunal

assemblages and classification. Deccan trap of central India. Stratigraphic
boundary problems: Precambrian-Cambrian boundary, Permian- Triassic
boundary and Cretaceous- Tertiary boundary.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
A.Sahni, (1996), Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Palaeoenvironments. GSI, Banglore
Boggs, S. (2001): Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy, Prentice Hall.
Danbar, C.O. and Rodgers, J. (1957): Principles of Stratigraphy, John Viley and
Sons.
Doyle, P. and Bennett. M.R. (1996): Unlocking the Stratigraphy Record, John
Viley and Sons.
Krishna, M.S. (1982): Geology of Indian and Burma, C.B.S. Publ. and
Distributors, Delhi.
M. Ramakrishnan& R. Viadyanadhan (2008) Geology of India – (Vol. 1&2) GSI,
Bangalore
T.M. Mahadevan (2002), Geology of Bihar and Jharkhand. GSI, Bangalore
Naqvi, S.M. and Rogers, J.J.W. (1987): Precambrian Geology of India, Oxford
University Press.
Naqvi, S.M. (2005) Geology and Evolution of the Indian Plate (Form Hadean to
Holocene – 4Ga to 4 Ka) GSI, Bangalore
Pascoe, E.H. (1968): A Manual of the Geology of India and Burma (Vols I-IV),
Govt. of Indian Press, Delhi.

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Pomerol, C. (1982): The Cenozoic Era? Tertiary and Quaternary, Ellis harwood
Ltd., Halsted Press.
Schch, Robert, M. (1989): Stratigraphy ; Principles and Methods, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, New York.

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – II
GEOL (CC-8)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Palaeontology

Unit -1

Fossils- ichno fossils, taphonomy, preservation and significance. Application of

palaeontology in stratigraphy. Morphology and geological distribution of
Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda and Trilobita. Study of
plant fossils.

Unit-2

Classification and evolutionary trends of Brachiopoda, Lamellibranchia,

Gastropoda, cephalopoda, Trilobita and Echinoid.

Unit 3

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Study of Ichno fossils, Modes of preservation of fossils, morphology classification,

biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends of Trilobites, Brachipods, Bivalves,
Cephalopoda, Gastropods and Echinoids.

Unit 4

Vertebrates and its classification, evolutionary trends equidae, probocidae and

Man, Siwalik Mammals and their causes of extinction.

Micropaleontology, foraminifera, diamorphism, morphology and biostratigraphy,

gondwana flora and their significance, palynology, types of
gondwanapalynomorphs and its importance, microfossils and their significance in
oil exploration.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Boardman, R.S. Cheetahn, A.M. and Rowell, A.J. (1988): Fossil Invertebrates,
Blackwell.
Clarksons, E.N.K. (1998): Invertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, Allen and
Unwin, London.
Horowitz, A.S. and Potter, E.D. (1971): Introductory Petrography of Fossils,
Springer Verlag.
Mayr, E. (1971): Population, Species and Evolution, Harvard.
Prothero, D.R. (2004): Bringing Fossil to Life – An Introduction to Paleontology
(2nd Ed), cGraw Hill.
Raup, D.M. and Stanley, S.M. (1985): Principles of Paleontoogy, CBS Publ
Romer A.S. (1959) The Vertebrate Story, Univ. of Chicago Press.
Smith, A.B. (1994): Systematics and Fossil Record – Documenting Evolutionary
Patterns, Blackwell.
Strean, C.W. and Carroll, R.L. (1989): paleontology – the record of life, John
Wiley

Shrock R.R. (1953)Principles of Invertebrate paleontology, McGraw Hill Book Co.

Alfred Traverse (18988): Paleopalynology, Unwin Hyman, USA.

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Arnold (2002): Quaternary Environmental Micropaleontology (Ed. Simon K.

Haslett), Oxford University Press, New York.
Bignot, G., Grahm and Trottman (1985): Elements of Micropaleontology, London.

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – II
GEOL (CC-8)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Engineering Geology, Environmental Geology & Mining Geology

Unit-1

Engineering properties of rocks and soil. Soil mechanics. Building material and
their engineering applications. Concept of Rock Mass Rating classification of
rocks. Application of engineering geology in mining.

Unit-2

Landslides-types, causes, monitoring and mitigation. Dams and Reservoirs- types

of dams and geological considerations for selection of their sites. Tunnels- types,
geological consideration for tunnel construction. Bridges- basic components, types
and geological consideration in bridge construction.

Unit 3

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Components of environment. Carbon dioxide in atmosphere, global warming

caused by CO2 increase in the atmosphere. Impact assessment of degradation and
contamination of surface water and ground water quality due to industrialization
and mining. Soil Quality degradation due to irrigation, use of fertilizers and
pesticides. Introduction to climatic changes, causes of climatic changes, world
climate during geological periods. Impact of climate on society. Impact of man on
climate.

Unit 4

Mining of surface and underground mineral deposits involving diamond drilling,

shaft sinking, drifting, cross-cutting, winging, stoping, room and pillaring, top-
slicing, sub-level caving and block caving. Types of drilling methods. Mining
Hazards: mine inundation, mine fire and rock burst.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Kiynine, D.H. and Judd, W.R. (1998): Principles of Engineering Geology, CBS
Publ.
Schultz, J.R. and Cleaves, A.B. (1951): Geology in Engineering, John Willey and
Sons, New
York. -
Singh, P. (1994): Engineering and General Geology, SK. Kataria and Sons, Delhi.
Keller, EA. (1978) Environmental Geology
Strahler and Strahler :Environmental Geology
Tnik and Truk: Environmental Geology
Arogyaswami, RPN. (1996): Courses in Mining Geology. Oxford and IBH Publ.
Clark, G.B. (1967): Elements of Mining, (3rd Ed.), John Wiley.

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Paper-10- (CC (P)-10) Practical: 6 credits. 100 marks.

(i) Megascopic study of sedimentary rock samples.

(ii) Study of important sedimentary structures.
(iii) Measurement of roundness of clastic grains.
(iv) Graphical representation of size grades.
(v) Study of important rocks of stratigraphic importance.
(vi) Plotting of important stratigraphic units on the outline map of India.
(vii) Identification of important invertebrate, vertebrate and plant fossils.
(viii) Study of dentition pattern of lamellibranchs
(ix) Analyses of pH and electrical conductivity in water.
(x) Preparation of volcanic hazard zonation map

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GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – III
GEOL (CC-11)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Field and Exploration Geology

Unit-1

Basic idea of field geology. Topographic maps and its interpretation. Numbering
system of topographic maps. Clinometer and Brunton compass and their uses.
Geological maps- preparation and interpretation. Methods and techniques of
geological mapping. Sampling methods.

Unit-2

Concept of exploration. Principles of Geophysical exploration. Gravity method of

exploration- correction gravity data, gravity anomaly and gravity anomaly map.
Qualitative and quantitative Interpretation of gravity data. Magnetic method of
exploration- magnetic susceptibility of rocks and minerals, qualitative and

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quantitative interpretation of magnetic data. Seismic method of exploration-

reflection and refraction method, interpretation of reflection and refraction data.

Unit – 3

Electrical methods – Self potential method, resistivity method and electromagnetic

method. Interpretation of electrical data.

Unit – 4

Geological and geobotanical methods of exploration. Geochemical method of

exploration – dispersion, pathfinder elements, geochemical field techniques,
geochemical analytical methods. Interpretation of geochemical data. Geochemical
methods for petroleum and natural gas exploration.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Bagchi, T.C., Sengupta, D.K., Rao, S.V.L.N. (1979): Elements of Prosectiing and
Exploration, Kalyani Publ.
Banerjee, P.K. and Ghosh, S. (1997): Elements of Prospecting for Non-fuel
Mineral deposits, Allied Publ.
Chaussier, Jean – Bernard and Morer,J. (1987): Mineral Prospecting Manual.,
North Oxford Academic.
Dobrin, M.B.; Savit, C.H. (1988): Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting,
McGraw-Hill.
Keder, P.,Brooks, M. and Hill, I. (2002): An introduction to geophysical
exploration, (3rd Ed.), Blackwell
Rider, M.H. (1986): Whittles Publishing, Caithness. The Geological interpretation
of Well Logs, (Rev. Ed.).
Robert, D. (1985): Encyclopedia of Well Logging
T.S. Ramakrishna (2006), Geophysical Practice in Mineral Exploration and
Mapping GSI, Bangalore

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GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – III
GEOL (CC-12)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Economic geology

Unit 1
Concepts of Ore Genesis;Distribution of Ore deposits-Global Perspective;Mode of
occurrences and morphology of ore bodies,Controls of Ore
localization;Classification of Ore deposits;Processes of Pre formation – Magmatic,
Sedimentary, Metamorphic associations and Weathering processes;Ore deposits
and Plate Tectonics.

Unit 2
Occurrence and distribution in India of metalliferous deposits – base metals, iron,
manganese, aluminum, chromium, gold; Indian deposits of non-metals deposits
viz. – mica, asbestos, barytes, gypsum, graphite, apatite etc. Gemstones, refractory

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minerals, abrasives and minerals used in glass, fertilizer, paint, ceramic and cement
industries. Building stones.Phosphorite deposits, Atomic Minerals: Atomic fuel
resources of India – distribution and prospects.

Unit 3
Coal:Origin, structure, mode of occurrence and types of coal, Physical and
chemical properties of coal,Macroscopic and microscopic constituents of coal,
macerals and microlithotypes; Classification, rank, and grade of coal; Imporant
coalfields of India with special reference to Jharkhand.

Unit 4
Petroleum: Origin and migration of Petroleum, Properties of source and reservoir
rocks, Petroleum Traps, Petroliferous basins of India; Fundamentals of Coal Bed
Methane (CBM), Prospects of CBM in India.

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Mookherjee, A. (2000): Ore Genesis-A Holistic Approach, Allied Publisher
Dhanraju, R. (2005): Radioactive Minerals, Geol. Soc. India, Bangalore.
Craig J M and Vaughan D J (1981) Ore Petrography and Mineralogy, John Willey
Evans (1973) Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals
Cogen B and A K (1975) Mineral and Nuclear Fuels of India, Oxford Pub.

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GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – III
GEOL (DSE-1)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Fuel Geology (coal and lignite)

Unit 1

Elementary idea about coal preparation, Washing and beneficiation of coal,

Blending of coal; coal carbonization, coal gasification, coal liquefaction and coal
combustion,; Briquetting of coal

Unit 2
Assesment of coal reserves; Geological, Geobotanical and Geophysical survey for
coal; Gondwana palynology and its application for coal exploration;

Unit 3

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Mining of coal- underground mining and open cast mining; Coal Mining hazards
and its mitigation; Trace elements in coal; Coal as environment pollutant;
Conservation of coal.

Unit 4
Unit Geological and geographical distribution of coal deposits of Jharkhand.
Geological and geographical distribution of coal and Lignite deposits in India
except Jharkhand;

SUGGESTED BOOKS
Chandra, D., Singh, R.M. Singh, M.P. (2000): Textbook of Coal (Indian context),
Tara Book Agency, Varanasi.
Scott, A.C. (1987): Coal and Coal-bearing strata: Recent Advances, Blackwell
Scientific Publications.
Singh, M.P. (19980: Coal and organic Petrology, Hindustan Publishing
Corporation, New Delhi.
G.H., Teichmuller, M., Davis, A. Diessel, C.F.K., Littke, r. and Robert P. (1998):
Organic Petrology, GebruderBorntraeger, Stuttgart.
Thomas, Larry (2002): Coal Geoligy, John Wiley and Sons Ltd., England.
Van LrevelenStach;, E., Mackowsky, M-Th., Taylor, G.H., Chandra, D.,
Teichumullelr, M. and Teichmuller R. (1982): Stach Textbook of Coal Petrology,
GebruderBorntraeger, Stuttgear.
Taylor, D.W. (1993): Coal: Typology-Physics-Chemistry-Constitution), Elsevier
Science, Netherlands.

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Paper – DSE (P) – 2 Practical: 6 credits 100 marks

i) Interpretation of topographic maps

ii) Megascopic Identification of ore minerals
iii) Study of Polished section of important ores
iv) Identification of coal and lignite samples
v) Identification of petrographic constituents of coal samples
vi) Completion of outcrops of coal seam on the map
vii) Calculation of coal reserves
viii) Three points problems related to coal seam

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Paper – Project (PR-1) 6 credits 100 marks

The project work will be carried out under the supervision of the teacher. The final
outcome will be presented in the form of a thesis.

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GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – III
GEOL (CC-13)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Geohydrology

Unit 1
Occurrence of groundwater in different rock types; Geologic structures favouring
groundwater occurrence; Occurrence of groundwater in various hydrostratigraphic
units of India; Groundwater provinces of India.

Unit 2
Components of Groundwater basin characterization: slope characteristics, lithology
and associated geological structures, soil type and thickness, etc; Geomorphic
controls for groundwater accumulation; Drainage pattern, their relationship with

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lithology and geologic structure; tools. Groundwater basin characterization and

prioritization by Remote Sensing and GIS

Unit 3
Surface and subsurface geological and geophysical methods of groundwater
exploration; Identification of groundwater potential zones by various Remote
sensing techniques, Application of GPR in groundwater exploration, Use of radio
isotopes in hydrogeological studies.

Unit 4
Groundwater problems and management related to foundation work, mining,
reservairs, tunnels and effects of water in landslides; Environmental effects of
over-exploitation of groundwater, Water logging problems.
SUGGESTED BOOKS:

C.F. Tolman (1973): Groundwater, MCGraw Hill, New York and London.
D.K. Todd (1995): Groundwater Hysrology, John Wiley and Sons.
F.G. Drescoll (1988): Groundwater and Wells, UOP, Johnson Div. St.Paul. Min.
USA.
H.S. Nagabhushaniah (2001): Groundwater, in Hydrosphere (Groundwater
hydrology), CBS Publ..
K.R. Karanth (1989): Hydrogeology, Tata McGraw Hill Publ..
S.N. Davies and R.J.N. De Wiest (1966): Hydrogeology, John Wiley and Sons,
Ney York.
Patra, H.P., Adhikari, Shyamal Kumar, Kunar, Subrata (2016) Groundwater
Prospecting and Mangement, Springer

Jakeman, A.J., Barreteau, O., Hunt, R.J., Rinaudo, J.. –D., Ross, A. (2016)
Integrated Groundwater Management: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges,
Springer
Ramanathan, A., Johnston, S., Mukherjee, A., Nath, B. (Eds.) 2015, Safe and
Sustainable Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifers in the Gangetic Plain
A Multidisciplinary Approach; Springer

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C.W. Fetter Jr. (2016) Applied Hydrogeology (4th Edition) 4th Edition Pearson
Education Ltd.
Kevin M. Hiscock (2009) Hydrogeology: Principles and Practice, Wiley-Blackwell

Singhal, B.B.S. Gupta R.P. (2010) Applied Hydrogeology of Fractured Rocks,

Springer

GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – III
GEOL (CC-14)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Photogeology, Remote Sensing and GIS

Unit-1

Photogeology- aerial photography and aerial cameras. Geometric characteristics of

aerial photographs. Scale of the photographs. Stereoscopes- their types and
function. Relief displacement - measurement of height of vertical features from
relief displacement. Stereoscopic parallax and height measurements.

Unit-2

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Remote sensing- principles, spectral signature of common earth’s features.

Electromagnetic spectrum. EMR interactions with the atmosphere and with the
earth’s surface. Platform and sensors. Resolution of sensor- types and mode of
scanning, multispectral scanner and false colour composite. Microwave remote
sensing.

Unit-3

Interpretation of aerial photo and satellite images. Digital image processing.

Remote sensing applications in geological mapping, mineral exploration,

groundwater exploration, hydrocarbon exploration, geomorphology and in
environmental and natural hazards management.

Unit-4

Geographic Information systems (GIS)- elements, GIS modules, Data models-

their types, advantages and disadvantages. Spatial and attribute data. Digital
elevation model (DEM). Data analysis in GIS. Global Positioning System (GPS).
Applications of GIS.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
Miller, V.C. 1961: Photogeology;McGraw Hill
Sabbins,F.F., 1985: Remote Sensing-Principles and Applications;Freema
Lilleaand,T.M. and Keifer,R.W. 1987;Remote Sensing and Image
Interpretation;John Wiley
S.N.Pandey, 1987;Principles and Applications of
Photogeology;WileyEastern,New Delhi
Gupta R.P.1990:Remote Sensing Geology;SpringerVerlag
Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and GIS --- S.K.Sinha (Ayushman
Publication House, New Delhi.
Text book of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems- Kali
CharanSahu (Atlantic Publishers & distributors (P) Ltd, New Delhi.

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GEOLOGY
M.Sc. Semester – III
GEOL (DSE-III)

Theory Full Marks –70

Total Lecture : 60 Hours
Credit : 4

The paper contains 8 questions in which question 1 will be objective type

consisting of 10 questions of one mark each is compulsory. Out of remaining seven
questions of 15 marks each, 4 are to be answered.
Fuel Geology (Petroleum,Natural gas, Nuclear fuel and non-conventional energy)

Unit l

Origin and nature of oil and gas ; Amount, type and maturation of organic matter;
Migration of Petroleum; Reservoir rocks - petrology of reservoir rocks, porosity
and permeability; Reservoir traps structural, stratigraphic and combination traps.

Unit2

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Identification and characterization of petroleum source rocks, Oil and source rock
correlation; Palaeodepositional and palaeoenvironmental models with the help of
microfossils and Palynology; Quantitative evaluation of oil and gas, Geological,
Geochemical and Geophysical exploration of Petroleum.

Unit 3

Petroleum basins of India, important oil fields of India; Brief idea about global
occurrence of Petroleum; Position of oil and natural gas in India, Future prospects
and economic scenario.

Unit-4

Uranium and Thorium – their geological and geographical distribution and uses.
Nuclear power plants in India. Non-conventional energy sources – solar energy,
wind energy, hydropower, tidal energy, geothermal energy. Energy conservation
measures.

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
Barker, C. (I996): Thermal Modeling of Petroleum Generation, Elsevier Science,
Netherlands. ,
Holson, G.D. and Tiratso, E.N. (I985): Introduction of -Petroleum Geology, Gulf
Publishing,
Houston, Texas. '
Hunt, J.M. (I996): Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology (2nd Ed.), Freeman, San
Francisco.
Jahn, F ., Cook, M. and Graham, M. (I998): Hydrocarbon exploration and
production,
Eslevier Science. '
Makhous, M. (2000): The Formation of Hydrocarbon Deposits in North African
Basins,
Geological and Geochemical Conditions, Springer~Verlag.
North, F.K. (1985): Petroleum Geology, Allen Unwin.

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Selley. R.C. (1998): Elements of Petroleum Geology, Academic Press.

Tissot, B.P. and Welte, D.H. (I984): Petroleum Formation and Occurrence,
Springer-
VerlagR.C.Chapman(l973)Petroleum Geolog,Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co.

Paper – DSE(P)-4 Practical: 6 credits 100 marks

(i) Plotting of groundwater potential area on the outline map of India/state.

(ii) Study of watershed and drainage on the toposheet.
(iii) Drinking water quality assessment using Piper’s trilinear diagram.
(iv) Irrigation water quality assessment using U.S. Salinity diagram.
(v) Feature identification on the aerial photo and satellite images.
(vi) Determination of scale aerial photo/image.
(vii) Determination of height using parallax bar.
(viii) Examination and study of crude oil.
(ix) Plotting of petroliferous basins of India.
(x) Identification of radioactive minerals

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Paper- Project-2 : 6 credits 100 marks

The project work will be carried out under the supervision of a teacher. The final
outcome will be presented in the form of thesis for evaluation.

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