PASSIVE VOICE:
Active Voice: S. V. O.
Passive Voice: S. (BE) + V3 /VED BY O.
(chia theo thì (tense) của đề bài)
Object must be answered the question WHAT / WHO
must be stood after ORDINARY VERB (Except : VERB ”TO
BE” )
Ex: 1. The police found a little boy in the forest.
The little boy was found in the forest by the police.
2. Students plant trees in the garden every weekend.
Trees are planted in the garden by students every weekend.
Notes:
Adverb of place + by so. + adverb of time
“By + them / us / people / someone / no-one” can be omitted
By + agent / With + instrument
Verbs with two objects :
* Give , lend , offer , promise , sell , send , take sth. to sb.
* Buy , keep , make , prepare , save sth. for sb.
To have / get sth. done (to have / get something + V3 /ed)
* to ask so. else to do sth. for us (I had my house painted yesterday.)
* to describe unpleasant happenings (She had her house broken into last
night.)
TENSE ACTIVE PASSIVE
Present simple V / V(E / ES) is /am / are + Ved /V3
Past simple VED / V2 was / were + Ved /V3
Present continuous am/ is/ are + V-ING is /am / are + being + Ved /V3
Past continuous was/ were + V-ING was / were + being + Ved /V3
Present perfect have / has + VED / V3 have / has + been + Ved /V3
Past perfect had + VED / V3 had + been + Ved /V3
Future simple will + VBARE will + be + Ved /V3
Modal verbs can / could / would can / could / would
may / might + VBARE may / might +be+Ved /V3
must / have to/ had to must / have to/ had to
should / ought to should / ought to
Notes:
is / am / are + going to is /am / are + going to
was / were + going to + Vbare was / were + going to + be +
Ved /V3
used to used to
EXAMPLES
1. We / learn / English at school.
English is learnt (by us) at school.
2. They / are building / a big hotel.
A big hotel is being built (by them).
3. I / bought / a new CD at a shop.
A new CD was bought (by me) at a shop.
4. Kathy / was doing / her homework at 7:00 yesterday.
Her homework was being done by Kathy at 7:00 yesterday.
5. My brother / has completed / that song.
That song has been completed by my brother.
6. Our uncle / had sold / that house.
That house had been sold by our uncle.
7. They / will rebuild / this hotel next year.
This hotel will be rebuilt (by them) next year.
8. These porters / can help / us to carry all luggage upstairs.
We can be helped by these porters to carry all luggage upstairs.
9. Paul / should clean / his room carefully.
His room should be cleaned carefully.
10. You / must / have to take off / your shoes when entering the room.
Your shoes must / have to be taken off (by you) when entering the room.
11. My father / is going to buy / me a new bike next week.
A new bike is going to be bought by my father next week.
12. My grandfather / used to smoke / a lot of cigars ten years ago.
A lot of cigars used to be smoked for me by my grandfather ten years ago.
13. Notes:
Two objects : (person + thing)
1. My mother bought me some new dresses.
I was bought some new dresses by my mother.
Some new dresses were bought for me by my mother.
2. My brother gave me some money.
I was given some money by my brother.
Some money was given to me by my brother.
Questions :
1. What / did he write?
What / was written (by him) ?
2. Who / paints this house?
Who / is this house painted by?
By whom / is this house painted ?
3. Where / does he study French?
Where / is French studied ?
To make:
Active (MAKE) + OBJECT + VBARE
Passive (BE) MADE + TO-V-INF.
Ex: He made me laugh a lot.
I was made to be laughed a lot.
To need = to want = to require:
Ex: You / need to clean / your class.
Your class needs to be cleaned / cleaning.
Indirect speech / Reported Speech:
Ex: 1. They say that Mary is rich. (simple present)
It is said that Mary is rich.
Mary is said to be rich. (to-V1)
2. They told that Peter gets high marks. (simple present)
It was told that Peter gets high marks.
Peter was told to get high marks. (to-V1)
3. People believe that he was sad. (simple past)
It is believed that he was sad.
He is believed to have been sad. (to have +Ved /V3)
4. People believed that he was sad. (simple past in two
clauses)
It was believed that he was sad.
He was believed to be sad. (to-V1)
REVISION 3
I. Complete the sentences with a passive construction, using the verbs given in the form
suggested:
1. The tenant (evict) for not paying his rent.
2. A great deal of research (do) into possible causes of cancer.
3. The worker claimed that he (victimize) by his employers.
4. Much of London (destroy) by fire in the seventeenth century.
5. The leader should be a man who can (respect).
6. Many slums (demolish) to make way for new buildings.
7. The man who (bite) by a snake was given a serum.
8. She (save) from bankruptcy by the kindness of a friend.
9. The police (instruct) to take firm action against hooligan.
10.The man was sent to prison for six months, (find) guilty of fraud.
II. Change from Active to Passive:
1. People speak English in almost every corner of the world.
2. After class, one of the students always erasers the chalkboard.
3. No-one believes his story.
4. Don’t speak until someone asks you.
5. They don’t play handball after school.
6. Julia rescued three cats.
7. Ann learned the poem this morning.
8. Maria crashed into the yellow car.
9. Mary told a new pupil where to sit.
10. Luckily, for me, they didn’t call my name.
11. The boys broke the window and took away some pictures.
12. Their boss gave them a present when they retired.
13. Steven has forgotten the title of that novel.
14. The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder.
15. Mike has not sent me the file.
16. Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness.
17. My oldest brother had written three books before 1990.
18. We hadn’t cleaned all the windows before going out yesterday afternoon.
19. The government is planning a new road near my house.
20. That factory is producing more and more pollution.
21. Look! Someone is feeding the seals.
22. The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
23. Mr. Thomas wasn’t painting Guernica at that time.
24. At six o’clock yesterday someone was telling a story.
25. They will hold a meeting before May Day.
26. They will meet Doris at the station.
27. You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30p.m.
28. You must clean the wall before you paint it.
29. Peter has to look after his youngest brother.
30. Tom’s father doesn’t have to repair the engine of the car.
31. They can’t make tea with cold water.
32. Our teacher is going to tell a story.
33. Ann is not going to open the window.
34. Keep it secret until we can disclose it.
35. A blind man used to carry this stick.
36. By this time tomorrow they will be signing the deal.
37. By next year the students will have studied the passive.
38. The traffic might have delayed Jimmy.
39. Somebody must have taken my wallet.
40. People don’t make the children work hard.
