Name: Sumaiya Akter Mili

ID: 201-30-247

Course Code: ESDM- 306

Course name: Environmental Impact Assessment

1. Define Developed, Developing and under developed country. Write the importance of EIA
in aspect of these 3 divisions.

Answer:

Developed country: A developed country is called an industrialized country. It has a mature and
sophisticated economy, usually measured by gross domestic product (GDP) and/or average
income per resident. Developed countries have advanced technological infrastructure and have
diverse industrial and service sectors. Their citizens typically enjoy access to quality health care
and higher education.

Developing country: developing country means a poor agricultural country that is seeking to
become more advanced economically and socially. It is also called a less developed country or
emerging market and has a lower gross domestic product (GDP) than developed countries, with
a less mature and sophisticated economy.

Under developed country: Under developed country means a country that is less developed
economically than most others, with little industry and little money spent on education, health care
etc.

Importance of EIA in aspect of these 3 divisions:

 EIA was considered just another bureaucratic stumbling block in the path of
development.
 It was developed as a sinister way for wealthy nations to prevent developing countries
from breaking the poverty cycle.
 In developed countries, consultants were foreigners who were treated as colonial
agents.

EIAs have become increasingly important, and many developed countries now need them as a
legal necessity.
2. Why EIA is important for Bangladesh? 

Answer: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process of assessing the likely
environmental impacts of a proposal and identifying options to minimize environmental
damage. The main purpose of EIA is to inform decision makers of the likely impacts of a
proposal before a decision is made. EIA is important for because

 We’re probably all aware of the environmental damage that big building programs,
manufacturing, and other activities cause. When a building project is proposed and
built, it can have an effect on the environment, such as on air and water quality,
community economic disturbance, or even social interactions. These possibilities need
to be evaluated so that EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment), which is the process of
identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social, and other
relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken and
commitments made, has become one of the preconditions for permitting investment
projects prior to implementation.

 EIA study identifies both the potential positive and negative impacts of the project in
advance.
 For negative impacts upon the natural and the socio-economic environment, possible
paths/mitigation measures were identified in advance. This
enables avoidance and/or minimization of impacts and make the project
environmentally-friendly and acceptable to the nearby community.

This is why reason EIA is important for Bangladesh.

3. Describe the present situation of EIA.

Answer: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is the process of assessing the likely
environmental impacts of a proposal and identifying options to minimize environmental
damage. The main purpose of EIA is to inform decision makers of the likely impacts of a
proposal before a decision is made. Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) were first used in
the 1960s to increase environmental concern. An EIA is a document that is used to measure the
environmental impacts of a planned development or development project. EIAs are practical
assessments that are meant to help in more objective decision-making. Environmental Impact
Assessments were given formal protection in the United States in 1969, after the National
Environmental Policy Act was passed (NEPA). EIAs are being more widely used around the
world. Every year, the number of environmental reviews submitted far outnumbers the number
of more detailed Environmental Impact Statements (EIS). At present, all developed countries
have environmental laws whereas most of the developing countries are still adopting it.

4. Why IEE is important in EIA process?

Answer: The IEE is an initial environmental examination, as it is a small observational analysis to

see whether a proposal is harmful to the environment, while the EIA is a thorough evaluation of
the project's environmental impact. IEE is important in EIA process because

 The initial environmental assessment determines the severity of the major problems
and defines how to minimize or improve environmental risks based on previous
expertise or current operating procedures.
 The IEE is used in the early (prefeasibility) process of project preparation and provides a
brief statement of key environmental issues focused on publicly available information.
 The IEE also suggests whether in-depth studies are needed.
 When an IEE is able to provide a definite solution to environmental problems, an EIA is
not necessary.
 IEE also needs professional guidance and technical feedback from environmental
experts in order to better identify future environmental issues.
That’s why IEE is very important in EIA process.

5.  Suppose you want to construct a Bridge on a river- which baseline parameter's

information’s you need to consider during EIA process?

Answer: The baseline data explains the current state of the atmosphere in the research area.
The defined parameters should be tracked using site-specific primary data, which should be
augmented with secondary data if available. To construct a bridge on river, I think
environmental parameter’s information need to consider during EIA process. These
components are divided into different parameters for identifying key and significant impact
during different stages of the project, which need to be thoroughly addressed for proper
mitigation and management.

 Environmental parameters include:

 Ecological parameters
 Loss of fish habitat
 Loss of vegetation
  Plantation
 Water pollution
 Soil pollution
 Physio-chemical parameters
 Water logging
 Erosion
 Regional hydrology change
 Surface and ground water
 Sound pollution
 River excavation
 Socio-cultural parameter
 Health facilities
 Population and communities
 Cultural heritage
 Current use of land
 Social well-being
 Human Interest parameters
 Land use of change
 Loss of agriculture
 Flood protection
 Economic development etc.