1.
Equal work opportunities for all
The State shall protect labor, promote full employment, provide equal work
opportunity regardless of gender, race, or creed; and regulate relations between
employees and employers.
2. Security of tenure
Every employee shall be assured security of tenure. No employee can be dismissed
from work except for a just or authorized cause, and only after due process.
Just cause refers to any wrongdoing committed by an employee; authorized cause
refers to economic circumstances that are not the employee’s fault.
3. Work days and work hours
An employee must be paid their wages for all hours worked. If their work hours fall
between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., they are entitled to night shift pay in addition to
their pay for regular work hours. If they work over eight hours a day, they are entitled
to overtime pay.
4. Weekly rest day
A day-off of 24 consecutive hours after six (6) days of work should be scheduled by
the employer upon consultation with the workers.
5. Wage and wage-related benefits
Wage is the amount paid to an employee in exchange for to the service that they
rendered to their employer. Wage may be fixed for a given period.
6. Payment of wages
Wages should be paid directly to the employee in cash, legal tender, or through a
bank.
Wages shall be given not less than once every two weeks or twice within a month at
intervals not exceeding 16 days.
7. Female employees
Women are prohibited from engaging in night work unless the work is allowed by the
following rules: industrial undertakings from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m., commercial/non-
industrial undertakings from 12 m.n. to 6 a.m., or agricultural takings at night
provided that she has had nine consecutive hours of rest.
Welfare facilities, such as separate dressing rooms and lavatories, must be installed at
the workplace.
8. Employment of children
The minimum employment age is 15 years of age. Any worker below 15 years of age
should be directly under the sole responsibility of parents or guardians provided that
work does not interfere with the child’s schooling or development.
The minimum age of employment is 18 years for hazardous jobs, and 15 years for
non-hazardous jobs. Hazardous jobs are
9. Safe working conditions
Employers must provide workers with every kind of on-the-job
protection against injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful
working conditions.
Employees also the right to:
-to about the health and safety matters
-to participate in decisions that could affect their health and safety
-to refuse work that could affect their health and safety
10. Rights to self-organization and collective bargaining
Every worker has the right to self-organization, i.e., to form or to join any legitimate
workers’ union, free from interference of their employer or the government. All
workers may join a union for the purpose of collective bargaining and is eligible for
union membership on the first day of their employment.
Collective bargaining is a process between two parties, namely the employer and the
union, where the terms and conditions of employment are fixed and agreed upon. In
collective bargaining, the two parties also decide upon a method for resolving
grievances. Collective bargaining results in a contract called a Collective Bargaining
Agreement (CBA).
The rights are in place to prevent abuses by those in power, and every
employee should understand these rights and ensure that they are not
violated.
