Ranchi pronunciation (help·info) (Hindi: राँची, Urdu: ‫رانچی‬, Bengali: রাঁচি) is the capital of the

Indian state of Jharkhand. Jharkhand accounts for 40% of the mineral resources of India[citation
needed]
. Ranchi accounts for 50% mineral production of the state[citation needed], nearing about 18% of
nation's mineral production[citation needed]. For this reason Ranchi is also called the Manchester of the
East[citation needed]. Ranchi was the centre of the Jharkhand movement[1] for a separate state for the
tribal regions of South Bihar, northern Orissa, Western West Bengal and the present eastern
Chhattisgarh. Jharkhand State was formed on 15 November 2000 by carving the Bihar divisions
of Chota Nagpur and Santhal Parganas.[citation needed]

The name Ranchi comes from the original Oraon village Archi at the site.[2] Archi derives from
the Oraon word for bamboo grove or stave. According to legend, after an altercation with a
spirit, a farmer beat the spirit with his bamboo stave or archi. The spirit shouted archi, archi,
archi and vanished; Archi became Rachi, and Rachi became Ranchi.[3] Up to 1927, the place was
known as Rachi[citation needed]. One historically significant neighborhood is Doranda ('duran' 'दरु ङ'
means song and 'daah' 'दअः' means water in the Mundari language), between the Hinoo (Bhusur)
& Harmoo Rivers, where the civil station, treasury and church established by the British Raj
were destroyed by rebel forces during the Sepoy Mutiny.[4] The present Purani (old) Ranchi
marks the site of the old village of Archi.

Ranchi city as seen from Ranchi hill, also known as "Bariatu Hill".

Contents
[hide]

 1 History
 2 Geography
 3 Climate
 4 Demographics
 5 Education
 6 Transport
 o 6.1 Road
o 6.2 Rail
o 6.3 Airport
 7 Trade, commerce, and industry
 8 Health care facilities and hospitals
 9 Tourist attractions
o 9.1 Temples
o 9.2 Festivals
o 9.3 Parks and resorts
o 9.4 Falls
o 9.5 Science Centre
o 9.6 Media
o 9.7 Sports
 10 Gallery
 11 References
 12 External links

[edit] History
Main article: History of Ranchi district

Ranchi is the headquarters of Ranchi district. Earlier the name of the district was Lohardaga. The
old district had come into existence after the creation of the non-regulation South – West frontier
as a result of the Kol uprising in 1831-32. The name of the district was changed in 1899 from
Lohardaga to Ranchi after the name of a small village now comprised within the headquarters
station.

[edit] Geography
Ranchi is located at / 23.35°N 85.33°E.[5] The total area covered by the Ranchi municipal area is
175.12 square kilometres and the average elevation of the city is 629 m above sea level.

Ranchi is located on the southern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau which forms the eastern edge
of the Deccan plateau. Ranchi is referred to as the "City of Waterfalls", due to the presence of
numerous large and small falls of around the close vicinity of the city. The most popular ones are
Dasham, Hundru, Jonha Falls, Hirni and Panchghat.

The Subarnarekha river and its tributaries constitute the local river system. Dams in Kanke,
Rukka and Hatia have been built over these channels to cater to the water requirements of
majority the population.

Ranchi has a hilly topography and its combination with dense tropical forests ensures that it
enjoys a comparatively moderate climate compared to the rest of the state. Previously, it was
accorded a 'hill station' status during the British rule. Rapid population growth and
industrialization have caused considerable change in the weather pattern and rise in average
temperatures. This has resulted in gradual loss of this "Hill Station" like status.

Varanasi, Gaya, Patna,

Bhopal, Indore,
Kolkata, Dhaka,
Pune, Mumbai,    Ranchi    
Aizawl
Ahmedabad

Rourkela,
Jamshedpur,
Raipur, Hyderabad, Bhubaneswar,
Kharagpur, Bay of
Solapur, Goa Cuttack, Bengaluru,
Bengal
Chennai

[edit] Climate

Ranchi

Climate chart (explanation)

J F M A M J J A S O N D

23 30 27 32 55 199 346 329 282 89 8.7 6.1

23 26 31 36 37 34 29 29 29 28 26 23

10 13 17 22 24 24 23 22 22 19 14 10

Average max. and min. temperatures in °C

Precipitation totals in mm
 Source: IMD

Imperial conversion

J F M A M J J A S O N D

0.9 1.2 1 1.2 2.1 7.8 14 13 11 3.5 0.3 0.2

73 78 88 96 99 92 84 83 84 83 78 73

50 55 63 71 74 75 73 72 71 66 57 50

Average max. and min. temperatures in °F

Precipitation totals in inches

Ranchi has a humid subtropical climate. However, due to its position and the forests around the
city, it is known for its pleasant climate