Television, sometimes shortened to
TV or telly, is a telecommunication medium used
for transmitting moving images in monochrome (black and white), or in color, and in two or three
dimensions and sound. The term can refer to a television set, a television show, or the medium
of television transmission. Television is a mass medium for advertising, entertainment, news,
and sports.
Television became available in crude experimental forms in the late 1920s, but it would still be
several years before the new technology would be marketed to consumers. After World War II, an
improved form of black-and-white television broadcasting became popular in the United
Kingdom and United States, and television sets became commonplace in homes, businesses,
and institutions. During the 1950s, television was the primary medium for influencing public opinion.
[1]
In the mid-1960s, color broadcasting was introduced in the U.S. and most other developed
countries. The availability of various types of archival storage media such
as Betamax and VHS tapes, high-capacity hard disk drives, DVDs, flash drives, high-definition Blu-
ray Discs, and cloud digital video recorders has enabled viewers to watch pre-recorded material—
such as movies—at home on their own time schedule. For many reasons, especially the
convenience of remote retrieval, the storage of television and video programming now also occurs
on the cloud (such as the video on demand service by Netflix). At the end of the first decade of the
2000s, digital television transmissions greatly increased in popularity. Another development was the
move from standard-definition television (SDTV) (576i, with 576 interlaced lines of resolution
and 480i) to high-definition television (HDTV), which provides a resolution that is substantially
higher. HDTV may be transmitted in different formats: 1080p, 1080i and 720p. Since 2010, with the
invention of smart television, Internet television has increased the availability of television programs
and movies via the Internet through streaming video services such as Netflix, Amazon
Video, iPlayer and Hulu.
In 2013, 79% of the world's households owned a television set.[2] The replacement of earlier bulky,
high-voltage cathode ray tube (CRT) screen displays with compact, energy-efficient, flat-panel
alternative technologies such as LCDs (both fluorescent-backlit and LED), OLED displays,
and plasma displays was a hardware revolution that began with computer monitors in the late 1990s.
Most television sets sold in the 2000s were flat-panel, mainly LEDs. Major manufacturers announced
the discontinuation of CRT, DLP, plasma, and even fluorescent-backlit LCDs by the mid-2010s. [3][4] In
the near future, LEDs are expected to be gradually replaced by OLEDs. [5] Also, major manufacturers
have announced that they will increasingly produce smart TVs in the mid-2010s. [6][7][8] Smart TVs with
integrated Internet and Web 2.0 functions became the dominant form of television by the late 2010s.
[9]
Television signals were initially distributed only as terrestrial television using high-powered radio-
frequency television transmitters to broadcast the signal to individual television receivers.
Alternatively television signals are distributed by coaxial cable or optical fiber, satellite systems and,
since the 2000s via the Internet. Until the early 2000s, these were transmitted as analog signals, but
a transition to digital television was expected to be completed worldwide by the late 2010s. A
standard television set consists of multiple internal electronic circuits, including a tuner
for receiving and decoding broadcast signals. A visual display device which lacks a tuner is correctly
called a video monitor rather than a television.
