Complete TOEFL Part A: Mini Test
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Structure and Written Expression
Time: 25 minutes
This section tests your ability to recognize grammar and usage suitable for standard written
English. This section is divided into two parts, each with its own directions.
Structure
Directions: Items in this part are incomplete sentences. Following each of these sentences, there
are four words or phrases. You should select the one word or phrase-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-that
best completes the sentence. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of
the answer that you have selected.
Example!
Pepsin ____ an enzyme used
in digestion.
(A) that
(B) is
(C) of
(D) being
This sentence should properly read "Pepsin is an enzyme used in digestion." You should fill in (B)
on your answer sheet.
Example II
____ large natural lakes are found
in the state of South Carolina.
(A) There are no
(B) Not the
(C) It is not
(D) No
This sentence should properly read "No large natural lakes are found in the state of South
Carolina." You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet.
As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part.
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
Complete TOEFL Part A: Mini Test
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1. __________ by Anna Baldwin in 1878. 7. imaginative stories about the origin of the
game of chess.
(A) The invention of the vacuum milking
machine (A) Many of the
(B) That the vacuum milking machine was (B) Many
invented (C) There are many
(C) The vacuum milking machine, which (D) Of the many
was invented
(D) The vacuum milking machine was 8. _______ one of Canada's greatest
invented engineering projects, is a twenty-seven-mile-
long waterway between Lake Erie and Lake
2. Dry cleaning is the process ____ clothes are Ontario.
cleaned in liquids other than water.
(A) Because the Welland Ship Canal is
(A) by (B) The Welland Ship Canal is
(B) which through (C) That the Welland Ship Canal is
(C) by which (D) The WeIland Ship Canal,
(D) through
9. A deep-tissue massage is a type of massage
3. Sand dunes are made of loose sand _______ therapy ______ on one part of the body, such
up by the action of the wind. as the lower back.
(A) it builds (A) its concentration is
(B) builds (B) concentrating
(C) is building (C) why it concentrates
(D) built (D) to be concentrated
4. _______ book Jubilee, which was based on 10. One of the most powerful optical telescopes,
the life of her great-grandmother, Margaret the "Big Eye" at Mt. Palomar, ________
Walker was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. a two hundred-inch mirror.
(A) For her (A) has
(B) Her (B) that has
(C) It was her (C) with
(D) That her (D) which
5. Job specialization takes place _____of 11. Elfego Baca, _______ legendary Mexican-
production is separated into occupations. American folk hero, was a lawman in New
Mexico in the late 1880's.
(A) whenever the work is
(B) when the work (A) a
(C) is when the work (B) who, as a
(D) whenever working (C) was a
(D) and he was a
6. ______ are hot is a common misconception.
12. ______ relatively inexpensive, the metal
(A) All deserts pewter can be fashioned into beautiful and
(B) All deserts which useful objects.
(C) Of all deserts
(D) That all deserts (A) Even it is
(B) Despite
(C) Nevertheless, it is
(D) Although
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
Complete TOEFL Part A: Mini Test
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13. _________ is a general category that 14. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote four novels,
includes all mental states and activities. _____ The Scarlet Letter, became an
American literary classic.
(A) What do psychologists call cognition
(B) Psychologists call it cognition (A) of which one,
(C) What psychologists call cognition (B) which one
(D) Cognition, as it is called by (C) one of which,
psychologists, which (D) one was
15. _____ about four years for a new aircraft
model to move from the preliminary design
stage to the full-production stage.
(A) It takes
(B) Taking
(C) That takes
(D) To take
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
Complete TOEFL Part A: Mini Test
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Written Expression
Directions: In questions 16-40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word
or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet,
find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you
have chosen.
Look at the following examples.
The sentence should read, "The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths." Therefore, you should
choose (B).
The sentence should read, "The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years." Therefore, you
should choose (C).
Now begin work on the questions.
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
Complete TOEFL Part A: Mini Test
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16. The antique collectors must be able to distinguish real antiques from later imitations, which can be either
A B C
reproductions nor fakes.
D
17. Paint must be stirred and sometimes dilution before it is applied.
A B C D
18. A great aviation pioneer, Amelia Earthart was already famous when she sets out on her ill-fated attempt
A B C
to circle the globe in 1937.
D
19. Although apples do not grow during the cold seasons, apple trees must have a such season
A B C
in order to flourish.
D
20. Tow unique features of the Arctic they are lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground.
A B C D
21. Faced with petroleum shortage in the 1970‘s, scientists and engineers in the United States stepped up its
A B
efforts to develop more efficient heating systems and better insulation.
C D
22. Rabbits have large front tooth, short tails and hind legs and feet adapted for running and jumping.
A B C D
23. Dentistry is a branch of medicine that has developed very dramatic in the last twenty years.
A B C D
24. The ease of solving jigsaw puzzle depends the number of pieces, their shapes and shadings, and the design
A B C D
of the picture.
25. Plants range in size to tiny, single-celled, blue-green algae, invisible to the naked eye, to giant sequoias, the
A B C
largest living plants.
D
26. During the 1940‘s science and engineering had an impact on the way music reach its audience and even
A B C
influenced the way in which it was composed.
D
27. By 1860 the railroads of the United States had 3000 miles of track, three quarters of which it was east of
A B C D
the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River.
28. Ballads were early types of poetry and may have been among a first kinds of music.
A B C D
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
Complete TOEFL Part A: Mini Test
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29. The thin outer layer of the skin is called the epidermis, while the layer inner, which is slightly thicker,
A B C D
is called the dermis.
30. With the incorporation of jazz history into current academic curricula, leading jazz musicians are now
A B C
founding on the faculties of several universities.
D
31. Humus, a substance found in soil, is soft and spongy and enables plant roots to send out tiny hairs through
A B C
that they absorb water and food.
D
32. Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is
A B
abundant, and humidity is moderate.
C D
33. Alaska’s vast areas of untamed wilderness attracts many people who enjoy the outdoors.
A B C D
34. The giant panda closely resembles the bear, but account of certain anatomical features it is placed in
A B C D
the raccoon family.
35. The ode was original a ceremonial poem written to celebrate public occasions or exalted subjects.
A B C D
36. Even as he wrote copiously on such diverse topic as educations, politics, and religion, Lewis Mumford
A B
remained active in city and regional planning.
C D
37. Oscillation is a electronic function that changes direct current to the signal of desired frequency.
A B C D
38. Papier-mâché figures by Stephen Hensen, which they cheerfully depicted life in the Information Age, were
A B
the focus of an exhibit at the Museum of American History.
C D
39. Pharmacist fill drug prescriptions, keeping recordings of the drugs their patients are taking to make sure that
A B C
harmful combinations are not prescribed.
D
40. Great technical advances in aerial and satellite photography have been made since end of the Second
A B C D
World War.
This is the end of the Structure and Written Expression Test.
Section 2: Structure and Written Expression
