CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

In this chapter, the researcher describes several important aspects related

to the research method consisting of research design, data collection, technique of

data collection, technique of data verification, and data analysis.

A. Research Design

The researcher uses qualitative approach especially descriptive

research to figure out all the research problems. According to Ary et al

(2010), qualitative research is a design focusing on some views of

participants rather than numbers of data; the goal is the overall picture and the

depth of understanding, not the numerical analysis of the data. In addition,

Arikunto (2010) defines descriptive research as research aimed at studying

conditions, situations, events, activities, etc., and the results are presented in

the form of research reports. Therefore, it be said that qualitative research is

dealing with information expressed in words, descriptions, statements,

opinions and feelings.

The reason why the researcher decided to use qualitative descriptive

design is to elaborate more detail about the study from the data obtained

especially about the teachers’ practical methods in teaching speaking. The

researcher plays a role as an observer and interviewer collecting the data

related to the study from the classroom activities observation and interviews.

21
 22

B. Data Collection

It has been mentioned previously that the researcher focused on

qualitative data to get decision-making from the participants through

interviews and questionnaire in line with Ary’s statement (2006:454) data

processing in qualitative research is in the form of text or pictures, rather than

numbers and statistics. Furthermore, the researcher collects the data by

investigating the classroom activities continued to interview the teacher about

how the class goes on, technique used, students’ ability, and speaking

assessment and how the techniques work on students’ achievement. Hence,

the data is covered up by field note, observation note, the statement as the

result of teachers’ interview, and the documentation.

To ease the researcher in doing the research, the subject is classified

into three subjects, those are;

1. Participants

Two English teachers of MA Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani and 20

students of second year of MA Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani since they

have learned English at senior high school level for more than a year and

flexible students to get collaborative to do this research; furthermore, first

grade is less experienced while third grade students are busy with their

final exam. In detail, the speaking scoring was conducted on Wednesday,

10th of February 2021 using descriptive materials that all students have to

read aloud the text prepared by the researcher and valued, Heaton (1990)

includes pronunciation into testing speaking skill. There are at least three
 23

techniques of testing pronunciation. They are pronouncing words in

isolation, pronouncing words in sentences, and reading aloud.

Description of speaking proficiency usually deals with accent, grammar,

vocabulary, fluency and comprehension as in the following examples

taken from Hughes (1989).

2. Setting

Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani Islamic senior high school is

decided to be the setting of this study since it eases the researcher to get

accessed and MA Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani also has competitive

students proven by several students’ experiences participating English

contest like story-telling and speech.

3. Data

Documentation sheets including the archives of MA Syekh Abdul

Qodir Al-Jailani, lesson plan, syllabus, and assessment sheet.

C. Technique of Data Collection

The researcher firstly did an observation toward the students by

doing a speaking test aon Wednesday, 10th of February 2021 and giving

an open-ended questionnaire on 3rd of March 2020 to the teacher and

students after the researcher did an observation and the teacher through

the classroom activities which might involve various techniques within it

and note everything happens in the class. In line with Ary et al

(2010:431), observation is conducted to get a lot of necessary records to

 24

be converted into research data.Observation is a system for obtaining

data by conducting surveys and making notes systematically. In addition,

the observation setting is at MA. Syekh Abdul Qodir Al-Jailani and

conducted on to find out deeper about how the speaking class goes on

while the researcher plays a role as the researcher who just noted all the

classroom activities.

An observation without documentation is such incomplete

component in arranging data collection. In line with Guba and Lincoln

(1981) cited in Moleong (2013:217) that documentation is the most

crucial part in collecting data for proving the validity of further steps of

data collection such as interview and field-notes arrangement.

For further, the researcher prepared valid questionnaire adopted

from the previous research given to the teacher concerning the teaching

methods used in the classroom, students’ capacity, students speaking

score, and many things related to this research. In line with Ary et al that

an interview using arranged questionnaire and planed well called as

unstructured interview; indeed, the researcher implemented unstructured

interview in this research.

Discussing more about the questionnaire adapted from Qoiril’s

research entitled “A Study on Factors Affecting Students’ Speaking

Performance at SMK Muhammadiyah2 Klaten Utara” in 2018. This

questionnaire contains 10 open-ended questions with various aspects or

topics related with English speaking skill improvement.

 25

D. Technique of Data Verification

After all data collected, the researcher is obligated to verify the

validity of the data with three steps below;

A. Source Triangulation

Denzin in Moelong (2008:330) stated that the researcher has to

complete and verify the collected data with other expert’s research as

source focusing more on data source not data methods. Related to this

research data verification, the researcher verified the questionnaire

adapted from Qairil’s study by using experts’ verification or validation in

which the researcher has already validated the questionnaire to the

English lecturer.

B. Investigator Triangulation

Getting people’s confession in term of writing experts on

researcher’s writing data source can also strengthen the validity of the

data collected by comparing some points of view and interpretation.

C. Theoretical Triangulation

After having confession from a writing expert through the same

opinions, the researcher has to strengthen more the data with several

research sources which might be published at the international

conference.
 26

E. Data Analysis

After doing all the data collection and data verification, the researcher

finally has to analyze those data collected to get the results of the research.

Bogdan&Biklen (2006:157) reveals that

“Analysis involves working with the data, organizing them, breaking

them into manageable units, synthesizing them, searching for patterns,

and discovering what is important and what is important and what is

to be learned and deciding what you will tell other”.

In summary, data analysis is a process of editing, coding and

classifying the data to facilitate the researcher to make some report

publication. Also, data analysis is simplifying the data in order to ease the

researcher to interpret and make conclusion. Miles and Huberman (1994:10)

defined data analysis consisting of three steps as follows;

a. Data reduction

The focus of this step is that the research problems that the

researcher just selected the data related to the research problems and

skipped the unrelated data gotten from the observation and interviews.

b. Data display

The data display is presented in form of narrative sentence

specifically about the process of speaking teaching and learning in the

classroom.
 27

c. Conclusion drawing

Last of all, the researcher started to make conclusion of the

data sources and the information obtained after analyzing deeply

related to the topic of study.Afterwards, the researchers summarized

the explanation of the findings. The conclusion is the final discovery

of the research process.