POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU

AUTOMATIC SMART STREETLIGHT MAINTENANCE

WITH SMS NOTIFICATION.

NAME REGISTRATION NO
MUHAMMAD NAZZIM BIN 14DEP17F2002
MUHAMMAD NIZZAM

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

MARCH 2020
 POLITEKNIK MERLIMAU

AUTOMATIC SMART STREETLIGHT MAINTENANCE

WITH SMS NOTIFICATION.

NAME REGISTRATION NO
MUHAMMAD NAZZIM BIN 14DEP17F2002
MUHAMMAD NIZZAM

This report submitted to the Electrical Engineering Department in fulfillment

of the requirement for a Diploma in Electronic Engineering
(Communication)

JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRIK

MARCH 2020
 CONFIRMATION OF THE PROJECT
The project report titled "Automatic smart streetlight maintenance with SMS

notification" has been submitted, reviewed and verified as a fulfills the conditions and

requirements of the Project Writing as stipulated

Checked by : MADAM LIAN AI CHEN

Supervisor’s name : MADAM LIAN AI CHEN.
Supervisor’s signature:
Date :

Verified by: SIR JAMHARI ISMAIL BIN TOKIT

Project Coordinator name :
Signature of Coordinator :
Date :

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“I acknowledge this work is my own work except the excerpts I have already
explained to our source”

1. Signature :

Name : MUHAMMAD NAZZIM BIN MUHAMMAD NIZZAM

Registration Number : 14DEP17F2002
Date :

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 DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP
TITLE : AUTOMATIC SMART STREETLIGHT
MAINTENANCE WITH SMS NOTIFICATION.

SESSION: DECEMBER 2019

1. I, 1. MUHAMMAD NAZZIM BIN MUHAMMAD NIZZAM

(14DEP17F2002).
is a final year student of Diploma in Electronic Engineering
(Communication) , Department of Electrical, Politeknik Merlimau,
which is located at Jalan Merlimau, 77300 Merlimau, Melaka.
(Hereinafter referred to as 'the Polytechnic').

2. I acknowledge that 'The Project above' and the intellectual property therein is the
result of our original creation /creations without taking or impersonating any
intellectual property from the other parties.

3. I agree to release the 'Project' intellectual property to 'The Polytechnics' to meet

the requirements for awarding the
Diploma in Electronic Engineering (Communication) to me.
Made and in truth that is recognized by;
a) Muhammad Nazzim Bin Muhammad) . ....
Nizzam ………………………….
(Identification card No: - 990505-05-5011) ) Muhammad Nazzim

In front of me, Madam Lian Ai Chen (Click here to ) .....………………

enter text.) ) Madam Lian Ai Chen
As a project supervisor, on the date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible

without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would

like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Madam Lian

Ai Chen for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing

necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing

the project. Also thanks to Madam Lian Ai Chen for non-stop asking about the

progress of the project, and always give an idea.

I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & my group

member, Muhammad Aiman Bin Hussin for their kind co-operation and

encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to express

my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and

time.

My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and

people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

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 ABSTRACT

The street lighting breakdown is very common. This will lead to the hassle and
insecurity for road consumers. This project provides a new paradigm in automated
street light malfunction system. The system has the capability to send multiple SMS
to the authority so that they can fix the broken streetlight. Basically, users have to
report the authority based on the information displayed in the street light. With the
current system, the time taken to respond to the street light malfunction will depend
on how soon a user calls the contractor. In this project, the system can detect of the
street lighting malfunction system. Upon receiving the street light malfunction, SMS
will be sent to the above mentioned parties for further action. The malfunction of
street light can detected by the uses of Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor.
Where, when this condition switch is OFF, automatically SMS will be sent to the
contractor. The microcontroller analyze the seriousness of the malfunction and sends
the signal to a GSM module. Then the GSM module will be sent the details of
malfunction streetlight.

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 ABSTRAK

Kerosakan lampu jalan sangat umum. Ini akan membawa kepada kerumitan dan
ketidakamanan bagi pengguna. Projek ini menyediakan paradigma baru dalam sistem
kerosakan cahaya jalan automatik. Sistem ini mempunyai keupayaan untuk menghantar
berbilang SMS kepada kontraktor dan majlis tempatan sekiranya berlaku lampu jalan
yang tidak berfungsi. Pada asasnya, pengguna perlu memanggil kontraktor berdasarkan
maklumat yang dipaparkan di lampu jalan. Dengan sistem semasa, masa yang diambil
untuk bertindak balas kepada kerosakan cahaya jalan akan bergantung kepada berapa
lama pengguna memanggil kontraktor. Dalam projek ini, sistem ini dapat mengesan
sistem kerosakan lampu jalan. Setelah menerima kerosakan cahaya jalan, SMS akan
dihantar kepada pihak yang disebutkan di atas untuk tindakan lanjut. Kerosakan lampu
jalan dapat dikesan oleh suis rocker kegunaan. Di mana, apabila suis keadaan ini OFF,
SMS secara automatik akan dihantar kepada kontraktor. Mikrokontroler menganalisis
keseriusan kegagalan berfungsi dan menghantar isyarat ke modul GSM. Kemudian
modul GSM akan dihantar butiran kerosakan

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONFIRMATION OF THE PROJECT i

DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY AND OWNERSHIP iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT v
ABSTRAK vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
LIST OF SYMBOLS xi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii
CHAPTER 1 1
INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background Research 1-2
1.3 Problem Statement 3
1.4 Research Objectives 3
1.5 Scope of Research 3
1.6 Project Significance 3
1.7 Chapter Summary 3
CHAPTER 2 4
LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Motor Skill Challenges in Autistic Children (Literature Review Topic 1)
2.2.1 Previous Research (Subtopic Literature Review Topic 1) 4
2.3 Control System (Literature Review Topic 2)
2.3.1 Microcontroller .
2.3.2 Programmable Logic Control (PLC) .
2.3.3 Arduino .
2.4 Chapter Summary
CHAPTER 3 13
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 13
3.1 Introduction 13
3.2 Project Design and Overview. 13
3.2.1 Block Diagram of the Project 13
3.2.2 Flowchart of the Project 2 14
3.2.3 Project Description 15
3.3 Project Hardware 16
3.3.1 Schematic Circuit .
3.3.2 Description of Main Component .
3.3.2.1 Component 1 .
3.3.2.2 Component 2 .
3.3.2.3 Component 3 .
3.3.3 Circuit Operation .
3.4 Project Software .

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 3.4.1 Flowchart of the System .
3.4.2 Description of Flowchart 28
3.5 Prototype Development .
3.5.1 Mechanical Design/Product Layout 28
3.6 Sustainability Element in The Design Concept 28
3.7 Chapter Summary .
CHAPTER 4 29
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 29
4.1 Introduction 29
4.2 Results and Analysis 29
4.3 Discussion .
4.4 Chapter Summary .
CHAPTER 5 30
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 30
5.1 Introduction 30
5.2 Conclusion 30
5.3 Suggestion for Future Work .
5.4 Chapter Summary .
CHAPTER 6 31
PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND COSTING 31
6.1 Introduction 31
6.2 Gant Chart and Activities of the Project 31
6.3 Milestone .
6.4 Cost and Budgeting 32
6.5 Chapter Summary .
REFERENCES 33
APPENDICES 34
APPENDIX A- DATA SHEET 34
APPENDIX B- PROGRAMMING 34
APPENDIX C- PROJECT MANUAL/PRODUCT CATALOGUE 34

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 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE PAGE

Table 2. 1: Treatments to Improve Motor Skills in the Market......................................

Table 3. 1 : Sequence of Finger Model Blinking............................................................

Table 3. 2: Means And Standard Deviations (In Brackets) Of Strength

Scores (In Pounds Force) For Each Hand Of Males. Right Hand................

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 LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE PAGE

YFigure 2. 1: Block diagram of open loop and closed loop syste

Figure 3. 1: Front view of the project.............................................................................

Figure 3. 2: Circuit Diagram *Images may be subject to copyright...............................

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Streetlight are the main thing on the road. It’s a source of light on the side of road to
light up the road. Many streetlights system are being connected underground instead
it is wiring from one utility post to another. This project, automatic smart streetlight
maintenance with sms notification is use to send sms notification to the authorities
when the streetlight is not function or broken. Other than that, our project purpose is
to save the earth by save the electricity. In the morning it will charge by using solar
panel, when the night come it will light up 50% only, but when the ultrasonic sensor
sense the vehicle, it will light up to 100% brightness

1.2 Background Research

1.2.1 Introduction
TRL Ltd was commissioned by the Department for Transport (DfT) to carry
out an investigation into the impact of street lighting on nine-time road
casualties. There was a perception that existing guidance on the beneficial
effects of street lighting is out date, being largely based on research carried
out in the 1950s to 1970s. Most cost-benefit analysis has been based on an
expectation that good street lighting causes a 30% reduction in night-time
road casualties compared with poor or no street lighting. This figure, however
is at best average over different types of roads, road layouts and traffic types,
densities and speeds and is most applicable to rates on urban roads with low
speed limits. In reality the benefits are likely to depend on other factors as
well as these and will therefore be variable over a considerable range. Street
lighting, vehicle lighting, road use and pedestrian behavior have changed
considerably since much of this research was carried out. Lighting may also
be installed for other reasons than road safety, such as to reduce crime or the
fear of crime. The research set out to provide robust evidence for the
contribution of street lighting to road casualty reduction by statistical
investigation of the relationship between street lighting level and casualty
rates, over the most recent period of four years for which accident data was
available. The results will be used to define a methodology for preparing
cost/benefit analyses for lighting schemes and provide guidance on its use.
Such analyses would ensure that lighting levels for different classes of road
are both consistent with safety levels and minimize unnecessary use of light
and energy. In this paper the term “accidents” means “personal injury
accidents” (PIA’s).

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Table 1.0 shows a number of accidents by lighting condition and year

Figure 1.0 shows a severity ratio (%KSI) by lighting condition

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 1.3 The Problem Statement for this project are :

i. The authorities do not know when the streetlight are off and not function and
also took a long time to get information on street lighting issues.
ii. It also a waste of electricity when there is no car passes the streetlight.

1.4 Research Objectives

• Use LDR sensor to detect intensity of light and use GSM module to send
notification to the authority when the smart streetlight is off.

• Use IR sensor to detect movement of vehicle, so that streetlight can increase

the brightness from 50% to 100%.

1.5 Scope of Research

1. This project is focusing on 2 streetlight

2. We used GSM module to send notifications.

3. The main controller is using Arduino and GSM module.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

1.6 Introduction

In this world of urbanization, the role of street lights is very important they protect
us, they guide us and also direct our paths to our destinations so normally if there’s
no electricity in the villages and remote areas, people face a lot of problems and even
they may be physically hurt so In order to rectify this solar street lamps has been
introduced which store the solar energy in the solar panels and these panels store the
sunlight in the day and this energy is used in the night and the light is emitted this is
the efficient way to conserve the electricity, but using this method the intensity of
light cannot be magnified if there’s more fog or smoke on the road and moreover if
there’s no person or vehicle on the road the light cannot be turned off , it has to be
turned off manually by a person in the morning in order to avoid this issue we are
using the GSM technology where the sensors are connected to the microcontroller
and in turn this microcontroller is connected to GSM modem and this finally is
connected to the LCD display. We also use a server to keep the things going

1.6.1 Previous Research (Subtopic Literature Review Topic 1)

In the existing system we find many types of street lights where the power
consumption is not efficient and the intensity of light is not magnified when there is
fog, rain and rainfall. Street lights are not maintained properly they are getting
corroded by the environmental agents and a lot of hard work is necessary to maintain
these street lights it is being maintained by the street light officer. The complaint
received from public, councilors and corporation officials either over phone is in
person being recorded in the complaint register, the complaint registered is handed to
the certain street light officials where they repair the street light which involves a lot
of wiring work. Fixing these lines may take more than 2 to 3 days which creates a lot
of problems to the people and also sometimes telephone line may be busy, sometimes
no response.
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1.6.2 How Does It Work

In proposed system we have introduced the GSM technology with SMS facility. this
includes GSM modem, sensors, micro controller we, in our project have used the
following sensors to make the street light smart which also known as smart street
light, by introducing the sensors and micro-controller the street light works
automatically. With the help of GSM facility, we can get a notification to our mobile
about the information of the street light, we can also increase the light intensity
according to the weather and also with the help of sensors the street light detects the
cars and persons and automatically the street light gets turned on and when there are
no cars or bikes or persons on the street the street light gets turned off, by doing this
we can use the electricity efficiently and if the street light encountered any problem
then it is notified to the mobile phone or the concerned administrator and it’s also
very easy to rectify the problem very easily and swiftly the sensors we used are:

1. Biosensor – it is an analytical device used for the detection of an analyte that

combines a biological component with physiochemical detector

Figure 2.1 : a biosensor

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2. Gas sensor – it detects the gas. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak
or other emissions and can interface with a control system so a process can be
automatically shut down. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area
where the leak is occurred.

Figure 2.2 : a gas sensor

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3. Smoke sensor – it senses smoke commercial security devices issue a signal to a
fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system.

Figure 2.3 : a smoke sensor

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4. Sound sensor - Sound Sensor can detect the sound intensity of the environment.
The important part of the module is a microphone, which is based on the LM386
amplifier and an electret microphone. The output is analog and can be easily sampled
and tested.

Figure 2.4 : a sound sensor

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5. PWM dimming – it is a modulation technique used to encode a message into a
pulsing signal. This modulation technique is used to encode information for
transmission, its important function is to access the control of the power supplied to
electrical devices, especially to inertial loads such as motors.

Figure 3.5 : a PWM dimming

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6. Micro-controller - it contains one or more CPU’s along with memory and
programmable I/O peripherals Program memory in the form of ferroelectric RAM,
NOR flash or OTP ROM is also integrated on chip, as well as a small amount of it on
RAM.

Figure 2.6 : a micro-controller

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7. GSM module - GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is a standard
developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to
describe the protocols for second-generation digital cellular networks used by mobile
devices such as tablets

Figure 2.7 : GSM module

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8. Server – a system that responds to the requests.

Figure 2.8 : An example of a server

Poseidon: The Water Saver

2.2 Introduction

Water is such an important resource in our life that a human being cannot even live a
day without water. But still we humans cause so much wastage of this precious
resource. We waste more than we save! Now it’s time we try to save the life giving
resource. Many times it happens that we forget to turn off the water pump after the
water tank gets filled. This leads to wastage of a great amount of water. Poseidon is
an easy to make wireless Water Overflow control system which automatically
switches off the water pump when the water in the tank reaches a certain level and
switches on the water pump when the tank gets empty. Controlling of the motor is
done wirelessly using the HC-12 module which has a range of about 1km. Not only
this, it also gives you call as a notification after the work is done.

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2.2.1 Component and Supplies

1. Arduino uno

Figure 2.9 : an arduino uno

2. Genuino uno

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 Figure 3.0 : a genuine uno

3. HC-12

Figure 3.1 : a HC-12

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4. Ultrasonic sensor

Figure 3.2 : an ultrasonic sensor

5. Relay

Figure 3.3 : a relay

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6. GSM shield V2

Figure 3.5 : a GSM shield V2

2.2.2 Schematic

2.2.2.1 Sender Schematic

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 Figure 3.6 : the sender schematic

2.2.2.2 Receiver Schematic

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 Figure 3.7 : the receiver schematic

GSM Home Alarm

1.7 Introduction

For the Christmas Holidays I will travel to my parents’ house and due to some
recent home invasions in the neighbourhood I have decided to leave behind a
DIY Alarm System with some things that I had lying around. This project
consists in an Arduino Uno with the SeeedStudio GPRS Shield V2.0 connected
to an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04.The idea is behind this is very simple, when the
ultrasonic sensor detects a difference in the distance that is measuring, I will get
a call on my handy. I can then place a call back in order to "rearm" the system.

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2.3.1 Component And Supplies

1. Arduino Uno and Genuino Uno

Figure 3.8 : Arduino Uno and Genuino Uno

2. SEEED GPRS Shield V2.0

Figure 3.9 : SEEED GPRS Shield V2.0

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3. Power Supply 12V

Figure 3.10 : Power Supply 12V

4. Ultrasonic Range Finder HC-SR04

Figure 3.11 : Ultrasonic Range Finder HC-SR04

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction

For the beginning of finding the idea of this project, the first thing that important is
do some research on Google and senior’s project to get an inspiration. After get some
of inspiration, the Automatic Smart Streetlight Maintenance with SMS Notification
was chosen. It inspired by senior’s project and get some innovation to make it better
and useful.

2.2 Project Design and Overview.

This hardware used ultrasonic sensor, arduino mega, light sensor detector and GSM
modem meanwhile for the software for this project used PCB wizard, livewire and
fritzing. For more consultations and tips, we can also ask supervisor an advice to
complete the project.

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