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P.O. Box 243, 3400AE
IJsselsteinThe
NetherlandsTel.: +31
30 68 69 111E-
mail: mail@Terberg-
Control-Systems.nl
 
www.Terberg-Control-
Systems.nl
 
Power
systems
Oper
ation
Manu
al
Operator
Documenta
tion.
 Trusted by over 1 million members

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TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 2 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

Table
of contents
TABLE OF
CONTENTS....................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
...........................2
 
1.
 
MODE SELECTION.........
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
....................................
3
 
1.
 
OPERATION MODE
AUTOMATIC..................
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
3
 
2.1.
 
A
UTOMATIC
C
ONTROL
I
 N
S
TAND
A
LONE
I
SLAND
 ......................................
.......................................
.......................3
 
2.2.
 
A
UTOMATIC
C
ONTROL
I
 N
M
ULTIPLE
E
 NGINE
I
SLAND
.......................................
.......................................
................4
 
2.3.
 
A
UTOMATIC
C
ONTROL
I
 N
P
ARALLEL
W
ITH
U
TILITY
.......................................
.......................................
..................5
 
2.
 
OPERATION MODE OFF.
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
..................................6
 
3.
 
OPERATION MODE HAN
D
OFF LOAD.....................
.....................................
.....................................
.........................6
 
4.
 
OPERATION MODE
HAND
LOAD............................
.....................................
.....................................
............................6
 
4.1.
 
H
AND
L
OAD
C
ONTROL
I
 N
S
TAND
A
LONE
I
SLAND
.......................................
.......................................
......................6
 
4.2.
 
H
AND
L
OAD
C
ONTROL
I
 N
M
ULTIPLE
E
 NGINE
I
SLAND
.......................................
.......................................
................7
 
4.3.
 
H
AND
L
OAD
C
ONTROL
I
 N
P
ARALLEL
W
ITH
U
TILITY
.......................................
.......................................
..................7
 
5.
 
SELECTED MODE
COMBINED WITH A
MASTER........................
.....................................
.....................................
..8
 
7.
 
START UP SEQUENCE....
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
...................................9
 
7.1.
 
E
 NGINE
W
AIT
F
OR
R 
ESET
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.....................9
 
7.2.
 
W
AIT
F
OR
S
TART
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
................................10
 
7.3.
 
V
ENTILATION
E
 NGINE
R 
OOM
(G
AS
E
 NGINE
O
 NLY
)......................................
.......................................
...................10
 
7.4.
 
E
 NGINE
P
RE
L
UBE
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
...............................11
 
7.5.
 
E
 NGINE
P
URGE
C
YCLE
(G
AS
E
 NGINE
O
 NLY
)......................................
.......................................
.............................11
 
7.6.
 
E
 NGINE
S
TART
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
....................................1
1
 
7.7.
 
E
 NGINE
I
DLE
->
 
R 
ATED
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................11
 
7.8.
 
E
 NGINE
S
TABILISATION
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
......................12
 
7.9.
 
E
 NGINE
W
ARMING
U
P
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
........................12
 
7.10.
 
S
TART
U
P
P
ROTECTION
 ......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.......................12
 
7.10.1
 
C
LOSE
C
IRCUIT
B
REAKER 
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
...................12
 
7.11.
 
V
OLTAGE
M
ATCHING
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.........................13
 
7.12.
 
S
YNCHRONISATION
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.............................13
 
7.12.1
 
E
 NGINE
O
FF
L
OAD
R 
UN
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
......................13
 
7.13.
 
 N
ORMAL
O
PERATION
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
..........................14
 
7.14.
 
S
TOPPING THE
E
 NGINE
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
........................14
 
7.15.
 
E
 NGINE
R 
AMP
D
OWN
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
..........................15
 
7.16.
 
E
 NGINE
C
OOL
D
OWN
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
..........................15
 
7.17.
 
O
PEN
G
ENERATOR
C
IRCUIT
B
REAKER 
.......................................
.......................................
......................................
15
 
7.18.
 
E
 NGINE
S
TOPPING
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
...............................16
 
7.19.
 
W
AIT
F
OR
S
TART
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
................................16
 
7.20.
 
W
AIT
F
OR
S
TART
A
FTER
F
AILURE
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
.....16
 
8.
 
POWER FACTOR /
VOLTAGE
CONTROL......................
.....................................
.....................................
.................17
 
9.
 
FREQUENCY / LOAD CO
NTROL...........................
.....................................
.....................................
............................21
 
10.
 
FAULT ANALYSIS...........
.....................................
.....................................
.....................................
..............................25
 
10.1.
 
G
ENERAL
A
LARM
I
 NDICATION
.......................................
.......................................
.......................................
...........25
 
10.2.
 
A
 NALYZING
A
LARM
(D
IGITAL
I
 NPUT
)......................................
.......................................
.......................................
26
 
10.3.
 
A
 NALYZING
A
LARM
(A
 NALOGUE
I
 NPUT
)......................................
.......................................
...................................31
 
10.4.
 
U
SING
T
HE
A
LARM
S
CREENS
 ......................................
.......................................
.......................................
..............36
 
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 3 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual
This manual is
describing both
modes of operation
and control
philosophy.
Although it might be
possible that notall
the modes are
applicable, both
parallel grid as well
as island operation
is described to give
better insight.
1. Mode Sele
ction
 
Option
3.bmpOption 1.bmp 
Option 2.bmp Option 
4.bmpSelection
mode can be done
on 3 several ways:
Option 1
: This is a 4 pole
static key-switch
and can be used to
switch the
installation in
Automatic, Off,Hand
Off Load or Hand
Load operation.
With this key-switch
it is not possible to
switch
the installation
inanother mode by
HMI (option 4),
because it provides
a static input. HMI
will not overrule
the static input.With
a remote connection
interference of a
site operator is
required to change
from operation
mode.
Option 2
: This pulse key-
switch can be used
to switch the
installation in
Automatic, Off,
Hand Off Load
orHand Load
operation. With this
key it is possible to
change from
operation mode by
HMI (option 4).
Option 3
: This key switch
has the same
functionality as the
key switch at option
2; the difference is
withinthe hardware.
The inputs from the
key switch are
provided to an
onboard print,
as well as the
outputstatus LED’s.
 Option 4
: This is a selection
mode by HMI
(Human Machine
Interface), by
pressing the Enable
ControlButtons the
installation can be
switched in
Automatic, Off,
Hand Off Load
or Hand Load
operation. Ifoption 4
is combined with
option 1, the actual
mode will be shown,
but can not be
changed.
1. Operation 
Mode Autom
atic
 

2.1. Automatic 
Control In Sta
nd Alone Islan
d
Start the engine
 In automatic mode
the engine will
always start.
Control
The voltage and
frequency will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
voltage /
frequencycontroller.
A stand alone
engine has to
pick up all load
connected.
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 4 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

2.2. Automatic 
Control In Mult
iple Engine Isl
and
Start the engine
In automatic control
at least one
engine will always
run. Other engines
will be started
according to the
total busbar load.
If the load is more
then one engine can
produce a second
engine will be
started according to
the setstart load at
callout 1. If the load
is less then the set
stop load at callout
2, engines will be
stopped.Bb1_sett.b
mp
Control
The voltage and
frequency will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
voltage /
frequencycontroller.
Both real and
reactive load will be
shared among the
running engines.
12
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 5 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

2.3. Automatic 
Control In Par
allel With Utilit
y
This mode of
operation is only
applicable if the
engines are running
in parallel with the
utility.
Start the engine
 In automatic the
engine will start
on load demand.
The amount of load
can be set by
electric P /
PI control
(onimported load
from the grid) see
callout 1, thermal P /
PI (on thermal
system) see callout
2, external control
(byBMS or any
analogue input) see
callout 3 or by
master control (load
request by
master SBC via
CAN 3 network)see
callout 4. The
engine will
start when the load
request is higher
then the set start
load at callout
5.Ctrldfrq.bmp
Control
The load and power
factor will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
load / power
factorcontrollers.
123456
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 6 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

2. Operation 
Mode Off
The engine control
is switched
completely off, the
engine can not and
will not start in
any circumstances.
If theengine is
running and when
the key switch is
switched to the off
position, the engine
will stop
directly. The
enginewill not cool
down and the
generator circuit
breaker will
be opened, the
auxiliary’s will
continue running
during thepre
defined auxiliary
cool down time set
in the process
variables.
3. Operation 
Mode Hand O
ff Load
Start the engine
The engine can be
started with the start
button in the panel
door (hardware) or
by the start button in
HMI(software). The
engine will start
running without any
load, this mode
is independent from
island or
paralleloperation.
Normal start
sequence will be
applicable until the
step “start up
protection”.
Control
The voltage and
frequency will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
voltage /
frequencycontroller.
When the
installation is
running off load
it can be switched to
hand on load or
automatic, by
switching in to one
ofthese options the
sequence steps
voltage matching
and synchronisation
will be executed,
with the result that
thegenerator circuit
breaker will be
closed.
4. Operation 
Mode Hand L
oad
 

4.1. Hand Loa
d Control In St
and Alone Isla
nd
Start the engine
The engine can be
started with the start
button in the panel
door (hardware) or
by the start button in
HMI(software).
Control
The voltage and
frequency will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
voltage /
frequencycontroller.
A stand alone
engine has to
pick up all load
connected.When
the installation is
running on load it
can be switched to
automatic, control of
the installation is
described inchapter
2.1.When the
installation is
running on load it
can be switched to
hand off load,
then the generator
circuit breaker willbe
opened right away.
It is not possible as
a single engine
to ramp down.
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 7 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

4.2. Hand Loa
d Control In M
ultiple Engine I
sland
Start the engine
 The engine can be
started with the start
button in the panel
door (hardware) or
by the start button in
HMI(software).
Control
The voltage and
frequency will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
voltage /
frequencycontroller.
Both real and
reactive load will be
shared among the
running
engines.When the
installation is
running on load it
can be switched to
automatic, control of
the installation is
described inchapter
2.2.When the
installation is
running on load it
can be switched to
hand off load, then
the engine will start
rampingdown till the
actual load is low
enough and
the generator circuit
breaker will be
opened.
4.3. Hand Loa
d Control In Pa
rallel With Utili
ty
Start the engine
The engine can be
started with the start
button in the panel
door (hardware) or
by the startbutton in
HMI (software). The
requested load
is assigned on the
load control screen
in thecolumn forced
control. This is a
variable setting and
can be modified by
the operator
seecallout
1.Example hand
load.bmp
Control
The load and power
factor will be
controlled to the
requested set-point
set in the engine
load / power
factorcontrollers.Wh
en the installation is
running on load it
can be switched to
automatic, control of
the installation is
described inchapter
2.3.When the
installation is
running on load it
can be switched to
hand off load, then
the engine will start
rampingdown till the
actual load is low
enough and
the generator circuit
breaker will be
opened.
1
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 8 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

5. Selected M
ode Combine
d With A Mas
ter 
 
Generator control fr
om master Start / St
op from masterIn
case of multiple
engines in island or
multiple engines
parallel to the utility
a master control
panel will
beconnected to the
system. With
the master control
panel it is also
possible to start-up
or stop
the engines.Starting
and stopping of the
engines is
only possible when
the automatic mode
is selected at the
engine
controlpanels.1. En
gine start / stop
control in manual,
the engines can
be started by
using the start and
stop buttons
assignedat callouts
4 and 5.2. Engine
start / stop control in
auto, the engine will
start and
stop automatically
depending on bus
bar load.3. The
space around the
auto / manual
button will be filled
with a turquoise
colour if
selected.4. Start
button, to start
the engine. This can
only be done
when the engine is
in automatic mode
and when theengine
start / stop control in
the master is
on manual
mode.5. Stop
button, to stop the
engine. This can
only be done when
the engine is in
automatic mode and
when theengine
start / stop control in
the master is
on manual mode.
1 2345
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 9 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

7. Start Up Se
quence
 

7.1. Engine W
ait For Reset
Engine Wait For
Reset.bmpTo start
the engine the
system has to be
without faults, all
alarms, that prevent
the engine to start
up have to
becleared.1. Installa
tion status indication
shows Engine Wait
For Reset. This
means that there
are alarms active
that mayprevents
the engine from
starting; all active
alarms have to be
cleared.2. Actual
alarm with alarm tag
number, this alarm
can prevents the
engine from starting,
or is used for
statusstorage in the
historical alarm
list.3. Number of acti
ve alarms.4. On the
actual alarm list
screen the
active alarms are
displayed with a
digital, analogue or
software tagnumber.
In this example the
circuit breaker
is connected on
digital input 1.2.
This tag number can
be usedcombined
with the electrical
drawings to clear /
solve an
alarm. Note
software alarms are
displayed with
ageneral tag,
SOFTW.
1 2 33
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 10 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

7.2. Wait For 
Start
Wait For
Start.bmp All alarms
that prevent the
engine from starting
are cleared; the
installation is ready
to
start.1. Installation
status indication
shows Wait
For Start, on
pressing the release
button the engine
will start
up.2. Enable
Control Buttons;
press on this button
to enable the control
buttons. When the
buttons are enabled
thearea around the
control buttons will
be filled with
a green
colour.3. When the
control buttons are
enabled the engine
can be started with
the Release
Engine button.4. Wh
en the control
buttons are enabled
alarm 440:Manual
control enabled will
appear, this is not
an alarm
thatprevents the
engine from starting.
It is a status
message that
can will logged in
the historical alarm
list.
7.3. Ventilatio
n Engine Roo
m (Gas Engine 
Only)
Ventilation Engine
Room.bmpOn start
up the first step is
the status
Ventilation Engine
Room, the engine
room will be
ventilated to get
allpossible gasses
or damp out of
the engine room this
is applicable for a
gas engine, in case
of a diesel engine
theventilation time is
to be set to zero.
4123
 Trusted by over 1 million members

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TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 11 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Manual

7.4. Engine Pr
e Lube
Engine Pre
Lube.bmpThe next
status is Engine Pre
Lube, the oil pre
lube pump will be
switched on in case
it is controlled by
the panelauxiliaries.
The running time of
the oil pre lube
pump is set in the
pre lube pump
control screen.
7.5. Engine Pu
rge Cycle (Gas 
Engine Only)
Engine Purge
Cycle.bmpThe next
status is Engine
Purge Cycle,
the start relay will be
energised without
opening the gas
valve, this topurge
the left fuel gases
out of the engine.
This can be done
with or without
ignition. Purge cycle
is applicable fora
gas engine, in case
of a diesel engine
the purge cycle time
can be set to zero.
7.6. Engine St
art
Engine
Start.bmpThe next
status is Engine
Start, the start motor
will stay energised
and the fuel valves
will be opened with
ignition. As soon as
the crank terminate
signal is detected
the start motor will
be de-energised.
7.7. Engine Idl
e -> Rated
Engine Idle -
> Rated.bmpThe
next status is
Engine Idle
Rated; the speed
relay will sense
crank speed. After
a fixed time,rated
will be energised,
allowing the engine
to control rated
speed. The voltage
and frequencyare
increasing.
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 12 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Opertion Mode

7.8. Engine St
abilisation
Engine Stabilisation.
bmpThe next status
is Engine
Stabilisation; the
engine has reached
rated speed and
voltage
andfrequency are
available. Voltage
and frequency will
be controlled to the
set point set in
theengine voltage /
frequency controller.
7.9. Engine W
arming Up
Engine Warming
Up.bmpThe next
status is Engine
Warming Up; the
engine has reached
the required voltage
andfrequency and
will keep on running
in this mode
according to the set
warm up time
in processvariables
or to the jacket
water temperature.
7.10. Start Up 
Protection
Start Up
Protection.bmpThe
next status is
Start Up Protection;
in the start
up protection the
installation will
check if thebus bar
is powered up.
Voltage on bus bar.
If the bus bar is
powered up, the
generator will go to
voltage matching.
No voltage on bus
bar.
If there is no voltage
on the bus bar, the
sequence will skip
the voltage
matching and
synchronisation
step. Duringstart up
protection there will
be interlocking
between all other
(running) engines
that are just going
to close thecircuit
breaker. Due to the
interlock only
one engine will
close the generator
circuit breaker on a
dead bus. Allother
engines will be
synchronised to the
bus bar to close the
generator circuit
breaker. After the
start upprotection it
will step right into
the off load or on
load mode,
depending of the
key switch position.
7.10.1 Close
Circuit Breaker
Close Circuit
Breaker.bmpThe
status Close Circuit
Breaker is active
when the installation
is started up on a
dead bus. Instead of
voltagematching
and synchronising
the generator circuit
breaker will be
closed right away.
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 13 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Opertion Mode

7.11. Voltage 
Matching
Voltage
Matching.bmpThe
next status is
Voltage Matching;
the generator
voltage will be
controlled to the
required set-point
(set in the
PID engine voltage
control). To have a
lagging power factor
on closing
thegenerator circuit
breaker, the
generator voltage
has to be a little
higher than
the utility
supply.This offset is
set in the process
variables.During
voltage matching
the control panel
compares the utility
voltage with the
producedgenerator
voltage. The
generator voltage
set point will be
changed in order to
match the bus
barvoltage.
7.12.
Synchronisatio
n
Synchronisation.bm
pThe next status is
Synchronisation;
during the
synchronisation step
the synchroniser
and the UVT-coil will
beenergised.The
synchroniser will
compare the utility
phase and
frequency with the
generator phase
andfrequency. If the
frequency of the
engine is incorrect,
the synchroniser will
increase or
decreasethe engine
speed by giving the
control panel
pulses. When all
parameters are in
the
predefinedwindow,
the synchroniser will
give a pulse in order
to close the
generator circuit
breaker directly.The
synchroniser pulse
is also provided to a
digital input; on
receiving the pulse
a timer isstarted.
This timer will run
until the generator
circuit breaker close
signal is provided. If
it takes tolong for
closing the
generator circuit
breaker alarm the
engine will
stop immediately. Al
arm 145: Generator
Sync breaker
operation
slow.Generator
Sync Breaker
Operation Slow.bmp
To reset this alarm
the key switch must
be switched in the
off position.
7.12.1 Engine
Off Load Run
Engine Off Load
Run.bmpThe status
Engine Off Load
Run is after
synchronisation and
when the key switch
is in Hand Off Load
mode.
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 14 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Opertion Mode

7.13. Normal 
Operation
Normal
Operation.bmpThe
next status is
Normal Operation;
in the normal
operation step the
engine is controlled
by power demand.
Thegenerator circuit
breaker is closed to
the bus bar.
7.14. Stopping 
the Engine
The control system
is event driven. All
events can be
configured to stop
the engine.
Depending of the
type ofstep, the
sequence may be
different. On
a normal stop the
engine will ramp
down, open
generator circuit
breakerand cool
down.
A-Fault:
Mechanical fault,
generator circuit
breaker will
beopened and the
engine will stop
directly.
B-Fault:
Non-essential fault,
engine will ramp
down,
opengenerator
circuit breaker and
the engine will cool
down.When the
engine is stopped it
waits in status
EngineWait For
Reset.
D-Fault:
 Electrical fault, the 
generator circuit bre
aker will beopened
and the engine will
cool down.
Normal Stop:
 Engine will ramp
down,
open generator
circuit breakerand
the engine will cool
down. After stopping
the engineis
available, waiting for
the next start.
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 15 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Opertion Mode
Stopping of the
engine can be done
in several ways:

 Switch the key-
switch in off position 
(hardware).


 Press on the stop b
utton on the panel d
oor (hardware).


 Press on the stop b
utton in HMI (softwa
re).

 On load demand.


 On an occurring ala
rm. All stops will be
annunciated, in both
actual and historical
alarm list.
7.15. Engine R
amp Down
Engine Ramp
Down.bmp After
normal stop, a stop
on load demand or
a B-fault the engine
will ramp down.
During rampdown
the engine speed
controller will
receive a lower
speed reference
from the control
panel.The speed at
which the remote
reference will be
lowered can be set
in process variables.
Thegenerator circuit
breaker will be
opened when the
actual power is
below a set
percentage of
therated generator
power. Default is 5.0
percent; this can be
set at the load
control screen.
7.16. Engine C
ool Down
Engine Cool
Down.bmpThe next
status is Engine Cool
Down; the engine
will keep on running
in the cool down
mode aslong as the
set time in the
process variable
screen with the
generator circuit
breaker open.
7.17. Open Ge
nerator Circuit 
Breaker
Open Generator
Circuit
Breaker.bmpOpen
Generator Circuit
Breaker; the
generator circuit
breaker will be
confirmed open
before, theengine is
completely stopped.
In the unlike
situation that the
generator
circuit breaker fails
toopen, the engine
will keep on running
to prevent reverse
power.
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 16 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Opertion Mode

7.18. Engine S
topping
Engine
Stopping.bmpThe
next status is
Engine Stopping;
For a gas engine,
during stopping the
gas valve will
beclosed just before
stopping the ignition
and ECM. By doing
this all remaining
gas will be
clearedfrom the
engine.
7.19. Wait For 
Start
Wait For
Start.bmpThe next
status is Wait For
Start; when the
engine is stopped
and the crank signal
is lost, thecontrol
panel will go into
waiting position. On
load demand the
engine will start
up again.
7.20. Wait For 
Start After Fail
ure
Wait For Start
After Failure.bmpTh
e status Wait For
Start After Failure is
active when:


 The
crank terminated sig
nal is not reached
within the set time in
the process
variables screen.


 The voltage
and frequency is not
stable within the
set time in the
process variables sc
reen.


 The synchroniser
pulse is not
reached within the
set time in the
process variables sc
reen.The control
panel will try
to restart the engine
automatically for a
set amount of
restarts in
the process
variablesscreen.
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 17 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode

8. Power Fact
or / Voltage C
ontrol
Island
If engine(s) is
(are) running in
island operation, the
remote volt
reference to
the CDVR is used to
control both busbar
voltage, and kVar
sharing between the
running engines.
Because both
voltage and power
factor arecontrolled,
the bus bar voltage
is independent of
the total bus bar
load
Parallel Grid
If an engine
is running in parallel
grid operation, the
voltage can not,
but the power factor
can
be controlled.Realiz
e that the remote
voltage reference to
the CDVR is then
used to control
the generator power
factor (in
otherwords, the
CDVR will not
control the power
factor; this is done
via the control
panel). If the engine
is running inparallel
grid operation, it will
be able to cope
with a voltage dip.
Off course
the voltage dip must
be within thewindow
of the mains
protection unit, other
wise the generator
circuit breaker will
be opened by the
protectionrelay. If
the mains voltage
will go down,
without triggering
the protection relay,
the generator
voltage will
directlyfollow this
voltage
variation.The control
will not try to
maintain the voltage
to the original value.
However, because
the voltage has
becomelower the
generator will start
running lagging. In
order to control the
actual power
factor to the
required set-
point,the remote
voltage reference to
the CDVR will be
lowered.
By lowering the
remote volt
reference, the
CDVR willreduce
the excitation. By
lowering the
excitation the
engine will run less
lagging and return
to the set power
factor,but with lower
mains voltage. (On
increasing mains
voltage control will
act vice versa to
achieve the same
goal:keep generator
power factor
constant,
independent of the
mains voltage)
Control philosophy
The control
philosophy is
described
in following pages.
All situations
are described
(parallel grid,
standalone
andisland). Block
diagrams as well as
screens are
combined in the
description in order
to give complete
overviewand better
understanding.Pf
and Volt control are
combined together
in the same way as
kW and Frequency
are combined
together. Bothpower
factor and actual
bus bar voltage are
controlled by
separate PID
controllers. The
output of both
controllersis
combined and used
as set point for the
generator volt
controller (like
CDVR). So power
factor is not
controlledby CDVR
but by panel.
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 18 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode
1. Switch power
factor and voltage
control, controlled in
software (see
schedule voltage /
power factor
control).2. Addition 
of the power factor
and voltage
controller outputs in
percentage.3. Softw
are signal to
analogue output
channel (in this
example
AO 0.0).4. Analogue 
output card
to transform
the software signal
into a voltage signal
(0..10VDC).5. Outpu
t voltage in this
example 40.0% * 10
volt = 4.00 voltage
output6. U / U conve
rter for
galvanic isolation.7. 
Remote voltage sig
nal to CDVR.8. Volt
age droop related to
measured kVArs,
this is measured by
CDVR using droop
transformers.9. Volt
age set point.10. Ex
citation to
generator.11. Minim
al output boundary
in percentage, in
this example 25.0%
(see screen for
settings).12. Maxim
al output boundary
in percentage, in
this example 90.0%
(see screen for
settings).13. The
minimum output
range of the internal
signal, in this
example 0.0% (see
screen for
settings).14. The
maximum output
range of the internal
signal, in this
example 100.0%
(see screen for
settings).Block
Diagram Voltage
ControlGraphic
Diagram Voltage
Control
1236871049103 111213
146789
 

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 19 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode
Schedule voltage /
power factor
ControlCAN-A-Out 
U-U Converter Anao
ut_2.bmp
1 1  
1 2 1
3 1 4  
3 5675
 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 20 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode
Pid3_vlt.bmp
5
Error! Filename not specified.

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TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 21 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode

9. Frequency 
/ Load Contro
l
Island operation
If engines are
running in island
but synchronised
together, both
frequency and kW
are controlled.
Because of
thiscontrol set-up,
the bus
bar frequency is
independent of the
load. (So although
speed droop is set-
up engines
willbehave like
running
in isochronous) No
load share module
is required, because
panel will read
actual
producedelectrical
power, and will us
this measurement to
change speed se
point to control to
the required load.
Parallel grid
operation
In parallel grid
operation, the
frequency will not
be controlled. Only
the engine power
will be controlled.If a
small frequency
variation occurs in
the utility, the
generator will not
try to maintain 50Hz
(because it is
simplynot possible
to change the grid
frequency). If the
engine would try
to do so, the engine
will go
in overload.Due to
the frequency
drop, the generator
load will increase.
The system will try
to maintain the
requested powerset-
point, so when
mains frequency is
lowered the remote
speed reference will
be lowered. On
reading
a lowerspeed
reference on the
GECM, the
throttle will be
moved to the closed
position. On closing
the throttle,
theengine load will
be reduced, and the
generator will
continue to run on
the requested kW
set point, but with a
lowermains
frequency. (On
increasing grid
frequency kW
control will work vice
versa to achieve
the same goal:
Keepgenerator
power constant,
independent
of mains frequency).
Control philosophy
The control
philosophy is
described
in following pages.
All situations
are described
(parallel grid,
standalone
andisland). Block
diagrams as well as
screens are
combined in the
description in order
to give complete
overviewand better
understanding.Pf
and Volt control are
combined together
in the same way as
kW and Frequency
are combined
together.
Bothengine actual
power and actual
generator frequency
are controlled by
separate PID
controllers.
The output ofboth
controllers is
combined and used
as set point for the
generator speed
controller (like
GECM). So the
actualengine load is
not controlled by
GECM, but
by panel.1. Switch
frequency and
load control,
controlled in
software (see
schedule
frequency / load
control).2. Addition f
requency and load
controller outputs
in percentage.3. Sof
tware signal to
analogue output
channel
(AO 0.1).4. Analogu
e output card to
transform the
software signal into
milliamp or voltage
signal.5. Output
voltage in this
example 86.6% * 10
volt = 8.66 voltage
output6. U / U conve
rter for
galvanic isolation.7. 
Remote speed refer
ence to
engine speed contro
l.8. Speed droop rel
ated to engine powe
r.9. Speed set point.
10. Throttle
control.11. Minimal
output boundary in
percentage, in this
example
5.0%.12. Maximal
output boundary in
percentage, in this
example
30.0%.13. The
minimum output
range of the internal
signal, in this
example
0.0%.14. The
maximum output
range of the internal
signal, in this
example 100.0%.
Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.

 
TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 22 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode
Block Diagram
Speed ControlSignal
Conversion Speed
ControlSchedule
Hz/kW Control
123468791031113141
2   6
7 8910
Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not
specified.Error! Filename not specified.

TerbergControl
Systems
DocumentationRev. 
0.0 Page 23 of 43
Date: 8/15/2005
Operation Mode
CAN-A-Out U-U Co
nverter Anaout_2.b
mp
1 1  
1 2 1
3 1 4  
3 5567
Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.

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interruptions!

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 Start Free Trial

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