CHAPTER I

Introduction

After the successful completion of studies we have to face the competitive world

with this knowledge to face many problems and to find the right solutions which is to be

solved in the minimum duration of time. The inplant training experiences received are

totally different from the class environments. To enrich the practical knowledge, the

Periyar University insists us to offer the inplant training. In this training, we have to study a

problem in industrial perspective and submit the report to the university. The training

period was 15 days during the semester vacations. Such inplant training provides an

industrial exposure as well as to develop the career in the high tech industrial requirements.

The concept of inplant has been woven into the academic practices of the institute keeping

in mind that experiential learning is the ethos. The motive is to provide the students with a

right blend of theoretical learning and an opportunity to witness how those concepts are

utilized in the practical environment.

Inplant training is an integral part of Management Education and it is this

experience that helps to gain first hand information regarding functioning of an

organization. It enables to understand the business practices and helps to shape the career.

It aims to provide exposure and gain knowledge and first-hand opportunity to visit business

organizations. The main objective of the training is to provide a unique experience and

exchange and share good practices which could be replicated to improve the efficiency,

production and competency in respective field of study. This presents us with opportunities

to plan, organize and engage in active learning experiences outside the classroom.
Key Benefits

The involvements at all stages of the training motivate us and help us take full

advantage of all learning opportunities presented. This brings a different dimension to our

learning, which we cannot gain in the classroom as well as helping to bridge the gap

between industry and academia. The key benefits are exposure to better business practices,

get to know business skills in a different business environment and understand campus and

culture of an organization, etc. The training provides an excellent opportunity to

comprehend the complexities faced by the organizations in various stages and the

implications that decisions have. We also get to know about the intra and inter-department

linkages within the organization and understand behavioral aspects within an organization.

The larger aim of the training is to relate the value-chain as followed by firms in the

Industry. Value chain refers to processes and activities right from the sourcing of raw

materials to the point where the final product reaches the end customer.
 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

 To acquire the knowledge about the organization setup of Jaswins Apparels Pvt Ltd.,

Rasipuram.

 To know about the functional as well as managerial aspects of the company.

 To know about the production function of the company.

 To have practical knowledge of process involved in company.

 To know welfare measures provided to workers in company.

 To know the marketing concept involved to market the product of the company.

 To know about the income and the out flow of the company.

 To know what all are the systems are there in the company.

 To know how the labours are employed in the company.

 To know how the machines and all are maintained

 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study has certain limitations. The main of them are:

 The complete details are not available from the firm and therefore scientific method

could not be employed.

 The information is collected from the different departments from the firm.

 The time allowed for the study is only a few weeks. It is not sufficient to make an

intensive study of the unit.

 INDUSTRY PROFILE

Introduction:

The textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only industry that has

generated huge employment for both skilled and unskilled labour. The textile

industry continues to be the second-largest employment generating sector in India. It offers

direct employment to over 35 million in the country. According to the Ministry of Textiles,

the share of textiles in total exports during April–July 2010 was 11.04%. During 2009–

2010, the Indian textile industry was pegged at US$55 billion, 64% of which services

domestic demand. In 2010, there were 2,500 textile weaving factories and 4,135 textile

finishing factories in all of India. According to AT Kearney’s ‘Retail Apparel Index’, India

was ranked as the fourth most promising market for apparel retailers in 2009.

 India is first in global jute production and shares 63% of the global textile and

garment market.

 India is second in global textile manufacturing and also second in silk and cotton

production.

 100% FDI is allowed via automatic route in textile sector. 

 Rieter, Trutzschler, Saurer, Soktas, Zambiati, Bilsar, Monti, CMT, E-

land, Nisshinbo, Marks & Spencer, Zara, Promod, Benetton, and Levi’s are some of

the foreign textile companies invested or working in India.

History of Textiles Industries in India:

The archaeological surveys and studies have indicated that the people of Harrapan

civilization were familiar with weaving and the spinning of cotton for as long as four

thousand years ago. Reference to weaving and spinning materials is found in the Vedic
Literature. There was textile trade in India during the early centuries. A block printed and

resist-dyed fabric, whose origin is from Gujarat was found in the tombs of Fostat, Egypt.

This proves that Indian export of cotton textiles to Egypt or the Nile Civilization in

medieval times were to a large extent. Large quantity of north Indian silk were traded

through the silk route in China  to the western countries.

The Indian silks were often exchanged with the western countries for their spices in

the barter system. During the late 17th and 18th century there were large export of Indian

cotton to the western countries to meet the need of the European industries

during industrial revolution, apart from the domestic requirement at the Indian Ordnance

Factories.

Up until the 18th century, Mughal Empire was the most important center

of manufacturing in international trade. Up until 1750, India produced about 25% of the

world's industrial output. The largest manufacturing industry in Mughal Empire (16th to

18th centuries) was textile manufacturing, particularly cotton textile manufacturing, which

included the production of piece goods, calicos, and muslins, available unbleached and in a

variety of colours.

The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of the empire's

international trade. Bengal had a 25% share of the global textile trade in the early 18th

century. Bengal cotton textiles were the most important manufactured goods in world trade

in the 18th century, consumed across the world from the Americas to Japan. The most

important center of cotton production was the Bengal Subah province, particularly around

its capital city of Dhaka.

 Bengal accounted for more than 50% of textiles and around 80% of silks imported

by the Dutch from Asia and marketed it to the world, Bengali silk and cotton textiles were

exported in large quantities to Europe, Asia, and Japan, and Bengali muslin textiles from

Dhaka were sold in Central Asia, where they were known as "daka" textiles. Indian textiles

dominated the Indian Ocean trade for centuries, were sold in the Atlantic Ocean trade, and

had a 38% share of the West African trade in the early 18th century, while Bengal calicos

were major force in Europe, and Bengal textiles accounted for 30% of total English trade

with Southern Europe in the early 18th century.

In early modern Europe, there was significant demand for textiles from The Mughal

Empire, including cotton textiles and silk products. European fashion, for example, became

increasingly dependent on textiles and silks imported from The Mughal Empire. In the late

17th and early 18th centuries, The Mughal Empire accounted for 95% of British

imports from Asia.

The Textile industry was the major component of economic income in India before

the English colonies. "The hand-loom and the spinning-wheel, producing their regular

myriads of spinners and weavers, were the pivots of the structure of that society," described

by Karl Marx. Due to the abolishment of slavery in the Americas, England began to search

for another source of cheap cotton, and saw India as a ripe place for this. They convinced

many farmers to switch from subsistence farming to producing and exporting huge

amounts of cotton, after a long period of protectionism over the English textile

industry. Eventually, through the technical and marketing advances made possible by

colonisation, the traditional method of artisan textile production was destroyed, and

replaced with large scale factory production.

Production:

India is the second largest producer of fibre in the world and the major fibre produced

is cotton. Other fibres produced in India include silk, jute, wool, and man-made fibers. 60%

of the Indian textile Industry is cotton based. The strong domestic demand and the revival

of the Economic markets by 2009 has led to huge growth of the Indian textiles industry. In

December 2010, the domestic cotton price was up by 50% as compared to the December

2009 prices. The causes behind high cotton price are due to the floods in Pakistan and

China . India projected a high production of textile (325 lakh bales for 2010 -11). There has

been increase in India's share of global textile trading to seven percent in five years. The

rising prices are the major concern of the domestic producers of the country.

Man Made Fibres:

This includes manufacturing of clothes using fibre or filament synthetic yarns. It is

produced in the large power loom factories. They account for the largest sector of the

textile production in India. This sector has a share of 62% of the India's total production

and provides employment to about 4.8 million people.

The Cotton Sector:

It is the second most developed sector in the Indian Textile industries. It provides

employment to a huge number of people but its productions and employment is seasonal

depending upon the seasonal nature of the production.

The Handloom Sector:

 It is well developed and is mainly dependent on the SHGs for their funds. Its market

share is 13%. of the total cloth produced in India.

The Woolen Sector:

India is the 7th largest producer.[19] of the wool in the world. India also produces

1.8% of the world's total wool.

The Jute Sector:

The jute or the golden fibre in India is mainly produced in the Eastern states of

India like Assam and West Bengal. India is the largest producer of jute in the world.

The Sericulture and Silk Sector:

India is the second largest producer of silk in the world. India produces 18% of the

world's total silk. Mulberry, Eri, Tasar, and Muga are the main types of silk produced in the

country. It is a labour-intensive sector.

Cotton Textile:

In the early years, the cotton textile industry was concentrated in the cotton growing

belt of Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujarat. Availability of raw materials, market,

transport, labour, moist climate and other factors contributed to localisation. In the early

twentieth century, this industry played a huge role in Bombay's economy but soon declined

after independence.[20] While spinning continues to be centralised in Maharashtra, Gujarat

and Tamil Nadu, weaving is highly decentralised. As of 30 September 2013, there are

1,900 cotton textile mills in India, of which about 18% are in the private sector and the rest

in the public and cooperative sector.

 Apart from these, there are several thousand small factories with three to ten

looms.there is a committee established in india under 'textile committee act 1963'. this

commmitte sets the quality standards for textiles manufactured for sale in the internal

market as well as for export.

India exports yarn to Japan, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, France, Nepal,

Singapore, Sri Lanka and other countries. India has the second-largest installed capacity of

spindles in the world, with 43.13 million spindles (30 March 2011) after China. Although

India has a large share in world trade of cotton yarn, its trade in garments is only 4% of the

world's total.

Jute Textiles:

India is the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods and the third largest exporter

after Bangladesh. There were about 80 jute mills in India in 2010–11, most of which are

located in West Bengal, mainly along the banks of the Hooghly River, in a narrow belt

(98 km long and 3 km wide).

In 2010-2011 the jute industry was supporting 0.37 million workers directly and

another 400,000 small and marginal farmers who were engaged in the cultivation of jute.

Challenges faced by the industry include stiff competition in the international market from

synthetic substitutes and from other countries such as Bangladesh, Brazil, Philippines,

Egypt and Thailand. However, the internal demand has been on the rise due to Government

policy of mandatory use of jute packaging. To stimulate demand, the products need to be

diversified. In 2005, the National Jute Policy was formulated with the objective of

improving quality, increasing productivity and enhancing the yield of the crop.
 The main markets for jute are the United States, Canada, Russia, United

Kingdom and Australia.

Ministry of Textile & Industries:

In 2000, the Government of India passed the National Textile Policy. The major

functions of the Ministry of Textiles are formulating policy and coordination of man-made

fiber, cotton, jute, silk, wool industries, decentralization of power loom sector, promotion

of exports, planning & economic analysis, finance and promoting use of information

technology. The Ministry is currently led by Smriti Irani who has been the Minister of

Textiles since 5 July 2016. The advisory boards for the ministry include All India

Handlooms Board, All India Handicrafts Board, All India Power looms Board, Advisory

Committee under Handlooms Reservation of Articles for Production and Co-ordination

Council of Textiles Research Association. There are several public sector units and textile

research associations across the country.

 COMPANY PROFILE

Jaswins Apparel Private Limited is manufacturing and exporting garments for past 29

years. Reputed garment buyers from Europe and U.S.A are buying Men’s, Women’s,

Children’s and Infant’s garments from us. As an established garment manufacturer and

exporter from Rasipuram, India. The have diversified into the production of organic cotton

T-shirts and garments. Cotton blends like Polyester/Cotton, Elastane, Interlock, Lurex,

Viscose, Modal, Tencel etc are also exported. The invite garment buyers to place your

valuable orders with us and We will be grateful in supplying you high quality merchandise

at low price that will ensure success in your markets.

Jaswins Apparel Private Limited are a large scale garments manufacturer based on

Rasipuram and we are proud to be a part of Asia’s largest garment manufacturing hub,

providing trendy fashionable ready-made garment for the company who want to grow their

business. We believe in long term close relationship. We strive to provide high quality

product at a price that brings you attractive profit margins.

Jaswins Apparel Private Limited are a leading manufacturer and exporter of knitted

garments for infants and children in India. These are manufactured at our integrated

facilities that allow us to provide end-to-end garment manufacturing services from greige

fabric to finished products. We believe our core competency lies in our clear understanding
 of the specifications of knitted garments in the infants and children category, the buying

preferences of our customers and our ability to deliver products of a consistent high quality

that meet the product specifications and stringent compliance requirements of our

international customers. Our long-standing relationship with our major customers has been

one of the most significant factors contributing to our growth.

VISION

To grow continually as a producer of men, women and kids wear, laying emphasis on

Quality, Integrity and Time, ensuing customer delight.

MISSION

To review quality objectives from time to time and develop high profile garments by

perpetual research on fabrics, accessories and fashion trends.

ACCREDITATIONS

 Quality Certifications like WRAP,

 SA8000 and SEDEX

 The Government of India recognition as a Two Star Export Unit assures the best

sustainability and unparalleled quality of our products.

Corporate Social Responsibility

Jaswins Apparel philosophy is to provide good education facility besides offering

employment and skills development for employees who would in turn contribute to the welfare

of neighborhood in one way or other. We help the needy in providing opportunities for growth

and build capabilities for their development.

Identification of projects for the CSR Policy

Jaswins Apparel have had CSR projects of contributing to orphanage for the disabled,

children education trust and religious organizations. By distribution of education materials, the

Company has helped the students of the schools in the nearby locations.

The Company has made contributions to promote green energy in rural areas besides

involved in CSR activities in improving community welfare, environmental protection and road

safety measures.

Now to coincide with the statutory requirement of the corporate social responsibility, the

Company would continue to get involved and also to take up inter-alia the following CSR

activities.

 Providing of assistance in the promotional activities of education, enhancing of skills to

younger generation in their employment which would improve their life styles.

 Implementing projects or programmes for environmental sustainability, protection of

plantations and horticulture, conserving of natural resources, planting of trees,

development of agro forestry etc.

 Pursuing of rural development projects in and around the factories’ locations directly or

jointly with organizations which are involved in such projects, programmes or activities.

 Collaborating with other companies for undertaking CSR activities, projects or

programmes in such manner that if the CSR Committee is in a position to report

separately on such projects or programmes.

 Such other programmes, projects or activities which are within the policy frame work as

specified in Schedule VII to the Companies Act, 2013.

 The above CSR activities do not include the activities undertaken in pursuance of normal

course of business of the Company.

Certifications:

Calendar
Award/Certification/Recognition
Year

Awarded “Outstanding New Vendor” by The Children’s Place (Disney

2006
Store, North America)

2007 Received ‘Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production’ certification

2009 Recognized as ‘Star Export House’ by the Government of India

Awarded “Tamil Nadu State Government Safety Award 2011” by the

2011 Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health, Government of Tamil Nadu

for the least number of accidents

2011 Awarded “Values Award” by TESCO

2011 Awarded “Best Newcomer” by Marks & Spencer Children’s Suppliers

 Awards 2011

2013 Awarded “F&F Gold Rated Supplier 2013” by TESCO

Received laboratory accreditation ISO/IEC 17025:2005 by the National

2013 Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Authorities, Department

of Science and Technology, India

2014 Received ISO 9001:2008 systems certification

2014 Received laboratory testing accreditation by one of our customers

Images of Apparel Works

Functional Departments
 Production Department

KNITTING

Knitting machines are specially imported from several leading manufacturers to full fill

the customer requirements at the same time provide excellent quality. In our knitting unit more

number of knitwear desingners are working and also we are using the latest knitwear patterns.
DYEING

Our company has state-of-the-art machinery for dyeing and processing fabrics to

perfection. We have installed datacolor’s fully robotic Autolab to achieve color matching for

sampling & bulk production. Our dyeing unit process fabrics for capacity of 20 tons per day that

shows consistency in color and fastness.

COMPACTING

In our compacting unit we have a well qualified compacting workers. They are following

the roll compaction process, which help us to make the product in efficient manner. We are using

the auxiliary equipment used for milling, screening, mixing, de-aeration and material handling.
EMBROIDERY

We are believing that the embroidery process starts with an idea or a piece of artwork.

This will automates the entire production process such as Digitization. To increase our

production and quality we are using the computerized embroidery section.

PRINTING

We have a well equipped in-house screen printing unit which performs a variety of

printing functions. From Fabric printing to Garment printing, we have fine tuned our printing

processes to give that extra special appeal to our finished garments.

CUTTING

Our in-house pattern markers help to devise ways to cut the fabric in such a manner as to

maximize utility and minimize wastage of fabric. We have fabric spreader to lay fabric which is

then marked to cut according to specifications of the design to the nearest millimeter, in order to

ensure as perfect a fit as possible. Cut parts of the fabric are then labeled and dispatched of the

sewing stations.

SEWING

Jaswins Apparels boasts a range of that latest models of sewing machines that are fitted

with modern technology to driver period of time and minimum labor. Our sewing workstation

has a set of 600 machines that include over lock, flat lock and singer units that are fitted with
additional features like thread and fabric trimmers as well as feed dogs and needle detectors for

enhancing productivity, quality and safety.

CHECKING IRONING & PACKING

All our products are pre-checked to ensure that their shrinkage properties are well within the

permissible limits. All efforts are taken at every step of production to ensure that our garments

retain their shape and fit after wash.

Products

Half Sleeve  T-shirt

These t-shirts have a half sleeve with cuff, a placket and a collar. These t-shirts can be

made in all the fibers such as cotton, polyester, linen, spandex, modal, viscose, bamboo, etc.
Here are some of the fabrics that are commonly used for t-shirts.

 2-ply Pique

 Single Jersey

 Slub Jersey

 Rib Fabric

 Autostripe/Engineered stripes in single jersey, rib

 Linen

 Jacquard

 Lacosta

 Honeycomb

 Bamboo

 Viscose

Men's T-Shirt Styles

T-Shirts

T-shirt is one of the most popular items of clothing when it comes to casual_wear. A

style of fabric shirts is called a T-shirt because its body and sleeves form a T-shape. It has both

short and long sleeves; also the neckline comes in difference shaped such as round neckline, V-

shape etc.

Basic Round-neck t-shirt (Crew-neck T-shirt)

These t-shirts have a half sleeve and a round neckline. Basic half-sleeve t-shirts can be

made in all the fibers such as cotton, polyester, linen, spandex, modal, viscose, bamboo, etc.

Here are some of the fabrics that are commonly used for t-shirts.

 Single Jersey
  Lycra Jersey

 Slub Jersey

 Rib Fabric

 Interlock

 Autostripe/Engineered stripes in single jersey, rib

 Pointelle

 Linen

 Burn-out fabric

 Modal Fabric

 Jacquard

 Bamboo Fabric

 Polyester Salina

 Lacosta

 Nirmal Knit

 Dot Knit

 Bamboo

 Viscose

 Honeycomb

Men's Tank Top Styles

Tank Tops

Tank tops are specially useful for keeping you cool because they are sleeveless; tank tops

cover the essential parts  and keep your arms well-ventilated. Also they grant you more freedom
of movement in your arms; this will help you feel more comfortable. Here are the types of tank

tops.

Basic Plain Tank top

Basic plain tank top does not have sleeve and it has low neck with shoulder straps. These

tank tops can be made in all the fibers such as cotton, polyester, linen, spandex, modal, viscose,

bamboo, etc.

Here are some of the fabrics that are commonly used for Tank Tops.

 Single Jersey

 Lycra Jersey

 Slub Jersey

 Rib Fabric

 Interlock

 Autostripe/Engineered stripes in single jersey, rib

 Pointelle

 Linen

 Burn-out fabric

 Modal Fabric

 Jacquard

 Bamboo Fabric

 Polyester Salina

 Lacosta

 Nirmal Knit

 Dot Knit
  Bamboo

 Viscose

 Honeycomb

Men's Pajama set Styles

Pajama Set

Men’s pajama set is a two-piece garment consisting of a t-shirt and pants. These are

traditional forms of nightwear worn by both men and women throughout history and into today’s

modern society. Pajamas are typically loose-fitting, comfortable clothes worn as a pair to sleep

in. They can also be worn in the evening or morning before or after sleep to induce a feeling of

relaxation.

These are typically comprised of a button-down shirt and pants or pants and a t-shirt.

Knitted Pyjama Set

It comprises of a t-shirt and a pant. Both top and pant are knitted fabric in this type. These

tank tops can be made in all the fibers such as cotton, polyester, linen, spandex, modal, viscose,

bamboo, etc. Here are some of the fabrics that are commonly used for t-shirts.

 Single Jersey

 Lycra Jersey

 Slub Jersey

 Rib Fabric

 Autostripe/Engineered stripes in single jersey, rib

 Pointelle
  Burn-out fabric

 Jacquard

 Bamboo

 Viscose

Men's Bottom Wear Styles

Bottom Wear

Casual Bottom wear are a casual variety of soft trousers intended for comfort or athletic

purposes, although they are now worn in many different situations. These can be made in all the

fibers such as cotton, polyester, spandex, bamboo, etc. Here are some of the fabrics that are

commonly used for t-shirts.

Joggers

It comprises of a t-shirt and a pant. Both top and pant are knitted fabric in this type. These

tank tops can be made in all the fibers such as cotton, polyester, linen, spandex, modal, viscose,

bamboo, etc. Here are some of the fabrics that are commonly used for t-shirts.

 French Terry

 Loopknit (Terry)

 Single Jersey

 Lycra Jersey

 Autostripe/Engineered stripes in single jersey

Human Resource Department

Managing Director/Whole-time Director:

The Company may appoint or re-appoint a person as its Executive Chairman,

Managing Director or Executive Director for a term not exceeding five years at a time. No

re- appointment shall be made earlier than one year before the expiry of term.

Independent Director:

An Independent Director shall hold office for a term up to five consecutive years on the

Board of the Company and will be eligible for re-appointment for another term up to five

consecutive years as per the Companies Act, 2013. No Independent Director shall hold

office for more than two consecutive terms. The terms and conditions of appointment will

be as prescribed from time to time under the Companies Act, 2013 and the Listing

Regulations.

Removal:

Due to reasons for any disqualification mentioned in the Act or under any other

applicable Act, Rules and Regulations thereunder or for such other compelling reasons, the

Committee may recommend to the Board with reasons recorded in writing, removal of an

Independent Director, KMP or Senior Management Personnel subject to the provisions and

compliance to the Act, Rules and Regulations and applicable policies of the Company.

Retirement:

The Independent Directors shall not be liable to retire by rotation. The other Directors,

KMP and Senior Management Personnel shall retire as per the applicable provisions of the

Act and prevailing policies of the Company. The Board will have the discretion to retain

the Whole-time Directors, KMP or other Senior Management Personnel in the same

position/remuneration or otherwise, for the benefit of the Company.

DUTIES OF INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR

The independent directors shall—

1) undertake appropriate induction and regularly update and refresh their skills,

knowledge and familiarity with the company;

2) seek appropriate clarification or amplification of information and, where necessary,

take and follow appropriate professional advice and opinion of outside experts at

the expense of the company;

3) strive to attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and of the Board committees

of which he is a member;

4) participate constructively and actively in the committees of the Board in which they

are chairpersons or members;

5) strive to attend the general meetings of the company;

6) where they have concerns about the running of the company or a proposed action,

ensure that these are addressed by the Board and, to the extent that they are not

resolved, insist that their concerns are recorded in the minutes of the Board

meeting;

7) keep themselves well informed about the company and the external environment in

which it operates;

8) not to unfairly obstruct the functioning of an otherwise proper Board or committee

of the Board;

9) pay sufficient attention and ensure that adequate deliberations are held before

approving related party transactions and assure themselves that the same are in the

interest of the company;

 10) ascertain and ensure that the company has an adequate and functional vigil

mechanism and to ensure that the interests of a person who uses such mechanism

are not prejudicially affected on account of such use;

11) report concerns about unethical behaviour, actual or suspected fraud or violation of

the company’s code of conduct or ethics policy;

12) acting within his authority, assist in protecting the legitimate interests of the

company, shareholders and its employees;

Workers/Employees:

 There are 736 employees currently working in Jaswins Apparels Private limited.

 Apart from that 132 temporary employees working.

 Totally 3 shifts functioning regularly.

 In addition company providing pick up, drop facilities for their employees by bus

and vans.

 Providing Comprehensive health care like Medical camps, ESI, PF, etc.,

 Quarters facilities

 Canteen with subsidized foods, etc.,

Finance Department

The finance department is responsible for managing all the financial administrative affairs

of the company and has a very important influence on many of the policy and commercial

decisions taken by management. The financing of a company’s operations require precise

timely planning and control in order to ensure that adequate funds and credits are available when

needed.
 Apart from the money to pay suppliers, salaries, expenses, etc funds have to be on hand to

finance stocks of raw materials and finished goods. In periods when trading is difficult and

revenues are down, provision has to be made to cover such periods.

Some important functions performed by this department are:

1. Management Information:

In the world of business, success or failure is ultimately measured by money and

therefore it is essential that the financial pulse of the company is under continual

measurement. This department is directly responsible for providing the management with

up-to-date information on the current and future financial status. Some typical reports

prepared for management are: balance sheets, stock levels and values, production costs,

operating statements for different departments, cost rejects, returns etc.

2. Budgeting:

The object of budgeting is to plan and control the company’s activities so as to maximize

profitability, and the starting point for all budgeting is the sales budget. This is usually

drawn up before the beginning of each financial year or season considering the sales to be

established and new customers, general economic trends at home and abroad,

manufacturing capacity and availability of finance. Other budgets considered are: labour

costs, material costs, overheads, and departmental budgets.

3. Garment Costing:

It is the ‘identity card’ of the garment and contains all the information required for the

pre-production and production stages making garments.

 Material,

 Labour,
  Fixed and variable overheads,

 Other expenses.

The information for garment costing comes from various sources: sample section,

cutting room, break down time values and costs involved in cutting, sewing and

finishing, costs of trims and materials, overhead costs from finance department.

4. Administration:

All the departments in a clothing industry require administrative support for their

operations to ensure orderly and systematic functioning.

 Preparing orders to supplies,

 Checking goods inwards,

 Timing and methods for stock taking,

 Imports and exports,

 Obtaining credits for returned goods and materials,

 Issuing credits for customer returns,

 Negotiating and issuing tenders for major projects,

 Purchase of office furniture and equipment etc.

A clothing business has ‘up-front’ departments such as design, marketing and

production and the fact that they function smoothly is the result of good administrative

support.

Marketing Department

The marketing department in a garment company is responsible for marketing products

made by the factory, finding new customers, and bringing more and more orders for the
company. A marketing department is headed by the marketing manager and supported marketing

team.

 They meet with prospects and existing buyers. They show their latest product

development (designs) to the buyer. They are given responsibility for business

development for the company. 

 This department showcases factory’s ability for developing new designs, factory

compliance, and quality policy and quality performance. 

 The most common marketplace for manufacturers is international apparel shows and

exhibitions, where buyers and sellers meet to find each other. In the exhibition, buyers

pick their interesting design and place orders if their target price is met. 

 In this internet age, garment factories build websites for marketing purpose and increase

their visibility to potential customers. Small factories post their product in online yellow

pages and do content marketing to reach a bigger market.

 More than just developing new clients, retaining existing customer is also important. To

retain your existing customers, you need to satisfy your customers by shipping quality

products and timely delivery and providing quality services. The main mantra to retain

customers and making them marketer for you is to deliver more than you are paid for.

Deliver more than commitment and customer expectations. 

Conclusion

I get an opportunity to interact with their operation manager, marketing manager,

research and development manager, human resource and finance managers. The

inquisitiveness is quenched by the people engaged in the organization. Most of the

enthusiastic students interacted with the staff and enquired about their operation
techniques, turnover, marketing and human resources activities different problems faced

by them in their respective departments. I am happy and satisfied with the attention given

to us.

The involvements at all stages of the training motivate us and help us take full

advantage of all learning opportunities presented. This brings a different dimension to our

learning, which we cannot gain in the classroom as well as helping to bridge the gap

between industry and academia.

The key benefits are exposure to better business practices, get to know business

skills in a different business environment and understand campus and culture of an

organization, etc. The training provides an excellent opportunity to comprehend the

complexities faced by the organizations in various stages and the implications that

decisions have. I also get to know about the intra and inter-department linkages within

the organization and understand behavioral aspects within an organization.