Narrative Text
Narrative Text is a text that purpose to amuse or to entertain the reader or
the listener and deal with actual or vicanous experience in different ways
to the reader or listener.
Narative Text usually like folk tales, fable, legend, fairy tale, etc.
The General Structure of narrative text are
Ω Orientation
Sets the scene and introduces the participans
Ω Complication
The problem happened in the story
Ω Resolution
The crisis is resolved, for better or worse
Ω Re-orientation
The ending of the story
Ω Evaluation
A stepping back to evaluate the story or the moral message of the story
The narrative text uses of temporal conjuction
Example ; once upon a time, before, after, etc.
The narrative text uses the simple past tense
Example narrative text are :
Fable : mousedeer, crocodile, etc
Legend : Sangkuriang, Malinkundang, etc
Fairy tale : Cinderella, Snow White, Pinocchio, etc
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Descriptive text is kind of text that discribe about something detaily
The structure of descriptive text
→ Indetification : Identifies phenomenon to be described
→ Discription : Describes parts, qualities and ataracteristic
Description cinsist of :
→ Description of Purpose ( deskripsi bentuk dan tujuan )
→ Description of Features ( deskripsi tentang bentuk dan ciri-ciri )
→ Description of Physical ( deskripsi bentuk fisik )
Description uses the simple present tense but sometime
is uses the simple past tense when the person, thing, or
place that talked about no longer exists.
Example :
The mango tree in our school
There are some trees in our school. Among them, there is a mango
tree. The tree is front of our classroom.
Identification
The mango tree is very old. Maybe, it is the oldest tree at the school.
The trunk is very big. It takes two children with arms outstretched to
completely circle it. Surprisingly, it still bears a lot of fruit. No wonder,
when mango season comes, my friend and I get excited. We all like to
come to school really early so we can pick all the good ones. Before
going home, we can not help taking a look at mouth watering sight on
the tree, hoping that we might climb it again the next day.
NEWS ITEM
News item is to inform readers, listeners, or viewers about event of the
day which are considered news worthy or important.
The structure of the text consists of three parts :
1. Newsworthy event : recounts the events in summary form.
2. Background events : elaborate what happened, to whom, and in what
circumstances
3. Source : comments by participants in whitnesses to, and authorities
expert on the event.
Significant Gammar Features :
Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline.
Generally using simple present tense
Use of material processer totell the event
Focus on circumtanses
- Using action verbs, e,g ; were, run, go, kill
- Using saying verbs, e, g ; say, tell
- Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stages
PASSIVE VOICE
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It's not important or
notknown, however who or what is ferforming the action
Example : My bike was stolen
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do
not know, however, who did it.
S + Tobe + Past Participle
A letter was written
S + Tobe + V3
when rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following :
1. the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the
passive sentence
2. the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
3. the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the
passive sentence (or is dropped).
Examples of Passive Level : lower intermediate
Tense Subject Verb Object
Simple Present Active : Rita writes a letter
Passive : A letter is written by Rita
Simple Past Active : Rita wrote a letter
Passive : A letter was written by Rita
Present Perfect Active : Rita has written a letter
Passive : A letter has been written by Rita
Future I Active : Rita will write a letter
Passive : A letter will be written by Rita
Hilfsverben Active : Rita can write a letter
Passive : A letter can be written by Rita
Simple Present and Simple Past
“Simple Present Tense”
To tell a work, even, or something happen today
Functions : 1. To tell habitual action
“ We eat rice every day”
2. To tell general truth
“ Fire is hot”
3. To tell self - identity
“ I am student”
Nominal
S + Tobe (am,is,are) + …..
S + Tobe (am,is,are) + not + ….
Tobe + S + ….
Verbal
S + VI + (s/es) + ….
S + (do/does) + not + VI + …
Do/does + S + VI + …..
Example :
Nominal : Verbal :
He is very happy (+) I go to school every morning (+)
He is not very happy (-) I do not go to school every morning
(-)
Is he not very happy (?)
Do I go to school every morning (?)
“Simple Past Tense”
Simple Past Tense it is a tense that is used to express or describe an
action or event that happened and finished in certain time in the past.
Nominal : Verbal :
(+) S + Tobe (was/were) + …. (+) S + V²III+….
( -) S + Tobe + not + ……
(?) Tobe + S + …. (- ) S + did + not + VI + ….
(?) Did + S + VI ….
Adverb of time used :
Yesterday
Last Monday/night
Last year
In 1991
Example Nominal : Example Verbal :
(+) I was student last year (+) I bought a book two days ago
( -) I was not student last year (- ) I did not buy a book two day ago
(?) Was I student last year? (?) Did I buy a book two days ago?
Recount Text
The recount text focus is on a seavence of even. A recount generally
begin with an orientation.
It provides the backgrounds information needed to understanding the text
such as who was involved, where it happened and when it happened.
Then the recount unfolds with a series of even condered in chronological
sequences. At various stage, there may be some personal comment on
the incident. We call it re – orientation.
The structure of recount text :
1. Orientation
2. a series of events
3. Re-orientation
The purpose of recount text is to tell
→ About the past experiences
→ The recount text use the simple past tense
Example :
Hai, I,m Jedi . I have a twin sister, named Jada.
We were born on August 5, 1992. we are in the eighth grade now. Jada
and I do everything together.We are in the same class.We dress
alike.We look the same.We always get other people confused.This really
makes Jada and I laugh.Teachers and friends always get us mixed up at
school.even our father has troubles telling us apart.Our mother doesn't.
She alays know which twin is which.Jada and I often try to confuse her,
but it has never happened.
Orientation
One day, our teacher told our mother to get one of us a different hair cut
so that he could tell us apart.Jada and I were horrified.we didn,t want to
look different.We like looking the same.
Event1
Our mother came to the rescue, and refused to make us cut our hair.We
were happy just the way we were and didn,t want to change.Our dad just
shook his head. He would have to stay confused.Jada and I didn't care
Event 2
We knew which one was which, and that was all that mattered.
Re – orientation
