FABRICATION OF SEED SOWING MACHINE

MINI PROJECT REPORT

Submitted
In the partial fulfillment of the requirement for

the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
By

GUNNAM POOJITHA – 20245A0311

SUSVITHA BANOTH – 19241A0387

PRASANTHI TALARI – 19241A0389

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OFENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY

BACHUPALLY,KUKATPALLY,HYDERABAD-500090

INDIA

MAY 2022
 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
GOKARAJU RANGARAJU INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to JNTUH, Kukatpally, Hyderabad)

HYDERABAD

Bonafide Certificate
This is to certify that the project report on Fabrication of Seed sowing
Machine that is being submitted by GUNNAM POOJITHA (20245A0311),
SUSVITHA BANOTH (19241A0387), PRASANTHI TALARI
(19241A0389) in partial fulfillment for the award of B.Tech in Department of
Mechanical Engineering from Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and
Technology, affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad is a record of bonafide work
carried out by them under the guidance and supervision .

The results embodied in this thesis have not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Dr.RAM SUBBAIAH Dr. RAM SUBBAIAH DR.TANYA BUDDI

Project Guide Projectco-ordinator Professor

Associate Professor Associate Professor Head of the Department

Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Mechanical Engineering

GRIET, Hyderabad GRIET,Hyderabad GRIET, Hyderabad

2
 DECLARATION

This to certify that the Mini project titled FABRICATION OF SEED SOWING
MACHINE is a Bonafide work done by us in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the B.Tech in Mechanical Engineering and submitted to the Department of
Mechanical Engineering, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology.

We also declared that this project is a result of our own effort and has not been copied or
imitated from any source, citations from any websites are mention in the references.

Name 1 GUNNAM POOJITHA – (Reg.No) 20245A0311

Name 2 SUSVITHA BANOTH – (Reg.No) 19241A0387

Name 3 PRASANTHI TALARI – (Reg.No) 19241A0389

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3
Successful completion of any task would be incomplete without the expression or
appreciation of simple gratitude to all people who made this project possible with sincere
thanks, honor and veneration, we acknowledge all those whose guidance and encouragement
have helped us complete this project.

We express our sincere thanks to our college Director Dr.JANDHYALA N. MURTHY,

Principal Dr. J. PRAVEEN for their constant encouragement and support.

We thank Dr. TANYA BUDDI, Head of Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gokaraju

Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology for permitting to undertake the project
work.

We have immense pleasure in expressing our thanks and deep sense of gratitude to our guide/
Project Co-ordinator Dr. RAM SUBBAIAH, Associate Professor in Mechanical
Engineering, Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad.
Under whose guidance and encouragement this project has been successfully completed.

We are also thankful to all the staff members of Mechanical Engineering Department of
GRIET for their valuable support.

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 ABSTRACT

India has the world's fastest expanding economy. India's population is likewise rapidly
increasing. Agriculture is vital to the economy's survival. India is a country where roughly
60-70 percent of the population lives in rural areas and farming is their primary source of
income. As a result, this sector must be strong, and technology that will aid in the growth and
productivity of this sector is essential to meet the demand for food. All areas of the economy,
including agriculture, are rapidly growing in today's period. Farmers must apply new
practises that do not alter soil texture while increasing overall crop productivity in order to
fulfil future food demands. The goal of this project is to design and create a seed sowing
machine that runs on manual power. Seed sowing machines are an important part of the
agricultural field. In India, manual, ox, and tractor operator techniques are employed for seed
sowing and fertiliser placement. Ox operator techniques take a long time and produce little
output. The tractor runs on fossil fuel, emitting carbon dioxide and other pollutants every
second. This has resulted in extensive air, water, and noise pollution, as well as a genuine
energy crisis in the near future, in order to make our farmers' and nation's development
sustainable while causing less harm to our environment. The current strategy for this project
is to design a seed sowing equipment that will reduce labour costs and time spent digging
while also operating on renewable energy.

A manually controlled template row planter was created and developed to increase planting
efficiency while reducing the drudgery associated with manual planting. It also increased
planting Efficiency and accuracy made from raw materials, so it was much cheaper and more
suitable for small-scale farmers. This project is being undertaken with the goal of accurately
planting seed without wasting or avoiding losses associated with traditional methods. The
availability of labour is a big issue, that could be resolved these days. Both time and money
are saved, by using this seed planting method. All of the problems that farmers suffer, such as
back pain caused by traditional spraying, could be solved by using automated spraying. The
cost of this machine is very low and easy to operate simple construction.

5
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapte Description Page No

r No
Abstract 05

List of contents 06

List of tables 08

List of figures 09

Introduction 10

1.1Overview of Project 10
1.2Laundry before Machines 11
1.3 Types of Washing Machines 12
1
1.3.1 Top Loading
1.3.2 Front Loading
1.3.3 Variant and Hybrid Models

Literature Review 15

2.1Literature Survey 15
2
2.2 Mission Behind the Project 16
2.3 Problem Statement 17

System Model 18

3.1 Selection of materials 18

3.2 Engineering Materials for Product Design 18
3.3 Selection Criteria 19
3.4 Plastics and their Classification 19
3.4.1 Thermosetting Polymers
3
3.4.2 Thermoplastic Polymers
3.5 Components used in the project 20
3.5.1 Screws and Nuts

6
3.5.2 Plastic Container and Water Can
3.5.3 Drilling Machine
3.5.4 Voltage Regulator

Design Procedures 23

4.1 Design Aspects 23

4
4.2 Design Abbreviation’s 24
4.3 Design Calculations 24

Implementation of the project 27

5.1 Practical Implementation

5
5.2 Comparative Cost Estimation
5.3 Bill of material

6 Conclusion 28

7 Future Enhancements 29

7.1 Energy Storage

7.2 Increasing the Washing Capacity
7.3 Designing of a Multipurpose
Washing Machine
7.4 Designing and Implementing Drain
Valve Mechanically
8 References 31

9 Photography of the Project 33

LIST OF TABLES

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Table No Description Page No
3.1 Knob Positions on Regulator for Various Operations 22
4.1 Abbrevations used for Design Calculation 24
4.2 Iterations for Load and Torque at various Speeds 25
5.1 Bill of Material 27

LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No Description Page No

1.1 Prototype of Washing Machine used in olden days 11
1.2 Front loading Washing Machine 12
1.3 Top Loading Washing Machine 13
1.4 Hybrid Washing Machine 14
3.1 Screw and Nut 20
3.2 Plastic Container and Water Tube 21
3.3 Drilling Machine 22
3.4 Voltage Regulator 22
4.1 3-D Model Of the Project 23
7.1 Design Enhancement 29
7.2 Mechanism of Multi-Purpose Washing Machine 30

CHAPTER 1
8
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Mechanical engineering in particular, deals with a large of products, whether it is large or

complex systems comprising of numerous elements down to the required final component.
Apart from physically using the product, it can also be a service oriented one which requires
a variety of concepts, skills and of engineering devices which can be useful to the society.
Even computer software could be treated as an engineering product as it is also a creation and
the application of engineering knowledge and skills. The term requisite product when used
alone signifies the object to be designed, modeled, analyzed and then manufactured with the
help of engineering skills and under practical guidance, irrespective of the fact that it is a
complex system or a simple machine involving a single mechanism or a service oriented
component.
India is a predominantly agricultural country. And whose economy is built on agriculture.
Agriculture development raises the country's economic standing. Farmers in India confront a
slew of issues due to inefficient time-consuming farming practises and a scarcity of
manpower, all of which drive up the cost of farming.
This project entails planting seeds while maintaining the required distance between two
seeds, spacing between two rows, and planting seeds at the correct depth in the soil with
sufficient soil compaction. Because the form and size of seeds vary, some criteria such as the
distance between two rows and two seeds, as well as the depth of the seed planting, must be
adjusted. The major goal is to create a low-cost equipment that decreases planting costs and
time while increasing overall production.
The traditional method of farming is based on the seed to seed distance level of seed
plantation, which is inefficient, time demanding, and requires a lot of work. Farmers are
dealing with yet another significant issue as a result of many dangerous pests and insects.
Farmers spray pesticides in the traditional method, dragging a heavy pump on their backs
across the field, which takes a lot of labour and time. This equipment can be used as a seed
planter as well as a pesticide sprayer.

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1.2 TRADITIONAL SEED SOWING TECHNIQUES

1.2.1 LINE SOWING

Sowing seeds in a defined geometric pattern along a horizontal or vertical line is

known as line sowing. Line sowing is normally reserved for high-quality seeds that
germinate quickly. It's a difficult and time-consuming task. Seed sowing requires
more effort, yet it is a scientific way of seed planting in contemporary agriculture.

Fig 1.1 - Line Sowing

1.2.2 BROAD CASTING

One of the most common ways for planting on the ground is the broadcasting method
of sowing. It's a straightforward and successful strategy that may be used to a variety
of agricultural operations. Seed is disseminated on the ground by spreading a thin
coating of seed across an area and then covering it with dirt. The seeds are dispersed
at a distance so that they do not come into contact with one another.

Fig 1.2 – Broadcasting

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1.2.3 DIBBLING
Dibbling is the technique of planting seeds in seedbed holes and covering them with
soil. Seeds are planted in holes dug to a specific depth and spaced evenly in this
procedure. Dibbler is the name given to the equipment used for dibbling. It's a conical
equipment that's used in the field to drill precise holes.

Fig 1.3 – Dibbling

In terms of increasing production through timely farm operations, reducing losses,
lowering costs of operations through better management of costly inputs, and
enhancing the productivity of natural resources, mechanisation in agriculture holds
the key to sustainable development. It also helps to reduce drudgery in farm
operations. The farming community has implemented mechanised agricultural
practises and activities at diverse levels of adoption, which reflects the different
scenarios in different parts of the country. The traditional seed sowing method is
accessible, but it has a number of drawbacks, including no control over seed
placement depth, poor uniformity in seed distribution, seed loss, and improper seed
germination. Conventional seed sowing devices are ineffective for the ridge and
furrow approach, which necessitates a huge quantity of seed. The goal of this research
is to decrease the disadvantages of manual and traditional methods by developing a
seed planting machine that can plant seed at precise intervals and can also be used in
the ridge and furrow method.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 LITERATURE SURVEY

The broad literature review will aid with the comprehension of concepts, theorems,
and the various elements that influence machine performance. Before beginning our work, we
reviewed several research papers that indicated that machine installation in production-based
industries is a crafty and skilled task due to numerous facts or figures associated with it, such
as power consumption, time required, maintenance costs, number of units produced per
machine, and so on.
The assessment by Mahesh R. Pundkar and A. K. Mahalle presents a summary of the
numerous types of seed sowing machine advancements available for planting. A seed sowing
machine is an important part of the agricultural field. Seed sowing equipment performance
has a significant impact on the cost and yield of agricultural goods. There are several methods
for detecting the functioning of a seed-sowing equipment now available.
Modernization of agriculture is unavoidable, according to Laukik P. Raut and et al., in order
to fulfil the food needs of a growing population and fast industrialization. Mechanization
allows for input conservation by guaranteeing better distribution, lowering the quantity
required for improved response, and preventing losses or wasting of applied resources.
Mechanization lowers the unit cost of manufacturing by increasing productivity and reducing
input costs. The review by D. Ramesh and H. P. Girish Kumar provides a quick overview of
the many types of seed sowing equipment advancements. The primary goal of a sowing
operation is to plant seed and seedlings in rows at the required depth and seed-to-seed
spacing, cover the seeds with soil, and compress the soil over the seed. To attain optimal
yields, the recommended row to row spacing, seed rate, seed to seed spacing, and seed
placement depth vary from crop to crop and for different agro-climatic conditions. Seed
sowing machines play an important part in agriculture.
Pranil V. Sawalakhe and colleagues explored how the modern period is propelling all
industries, including agriculture, towards rapid expansion. Farmers must adopt innovative
procedures that do not alter soil texture while increasing total crop productivity in order to
fulfil future food demands. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the different seed sowing
and seed positioning methods utilised in India.

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2.2 MISSION BEHIND THE PROJECT

The title of this project work is “Design & fabrication of Seed Sowing Machine”. The
objectives of the present work are:
1. The designed equipment's goal is to combine a renewable energy source (seeding)
with a single machine.
2. To lower the machine's size
3. To reduce the number of people needed to do diverse tasks.
4. Manufacturers' initial investment in machines can be reduced.
5. To provide a compact, portable, and cost-effective equipment for manufacturers.

Agriculture has played a critical role in the life of an economy for decades.
Agriculture is the only source of food for the entire world. As a result, agriculture is
primarily concerned with the cultivation of staple food crops. Agriculture is practised by
roughly 70–80 percent of the world's population. For good quality and quantity crop
production, there are various factors and agricultural techniques that must be followed.
Sowing is the act of putting seeds into the ground. During this agricultural procedure,
adequate care should be taken, such as maintaining the proper depth, maintaining the
proper distance, and ensuring that the soil is clean, healthy, and free of illness and other
pathogens, such as fungus. Seed germination — the process of seeds turning into new
plants – necessitates all of these measures. There are various methods used for sowing
the seeds.Traditionally, the seeds are planted with a funnel-shaped instrument. The
funnel is packed with seeds, which flow through two or three sharp-end pipes. These
ends are inserted into the earth, where the seeds are planted. Seed Sowing Machines are
devices that aid in the sowing of seed in the desired location, saving time and money for
farmers. In light of these considerations, an attempt has been made to design and build
equipment that will be able to perform both operations more efficiently while also
resulting in lower operational costs through the use of innovative mechanisms. Works
consistently under a variety of conditions. Lower machine costs, as well as costs, by
improving the spraying procedure. Creating a machine that is capable of performing both
operations (Sowing and Spraying)
The machine's integrated design makes it simple to operate. Conventional seeding
takes longer and requires more labour in the farming process. As a result of the increased
sowing rate
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2.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the current situation, most countries lack sufficient skilled manpower in the
agriculture sector, which has a negative impact on emerging countries' progress. As a result,
farmers must use more advanced technologies in their farming operations (digging, seed
sowing, fertilizing, spraying etc.). So now is the time to automate the sector in order to solve
this problem, which will also minimise the need for labour and prevent seed waste. This
project aims to create seed sowing equipment for inter crop fields in light of the different
issues faced by farmers. This machine can be used to sow seeds with the exact amount of
seeds and the proper inter spacing between the planting lines. It can be used to incorporate
varying seed diameters depending on the types of soils, field locations, and climatic
circumstances. Using the equipment created for this project, fertilisers and seed may be
equally distributed throughout crop fields, as well as seed sowing.

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 CHAPTER 3

SYSTEM MODEL

3.1 SELECTION OF MATERIALS

The selection of a material for a variety of applications is governed by the fact that
theworking conditions to which the resultant component would be subjected to.Some other
parameters that assist the selection of materials are the ease of Manufacturing and the cost
considerations. Pure metals find fewer applications because it is difficult and costly to obtain
materials in pure condition and secondly that they have poor strength in pure form. Various
desired properties of metals or non-metals or composites can be achieved by proportionate
addition of different materials to form a wide spectrum of alloys. An alloy comprises of a
base metal to which one or more alloying elements are added in requisite quantities to
achieve the desired properties. The various mechanical properties associated duringthe
working conditions are strength, elasticity, toughness and hardness.The mechanical properties
of materials associated with the manufacturing process are ductility, malleability and
plasticity. These various mechanical properties can be determined by testing methodologies
such as tensile test on U.T.M., resistance to indentation by hardness test, toughness by impact
test and other special properties like fatigue by microesonator and creep tests.

3.2 ENGINEERING MATERIALS FOR PRODUCT DESIGN

All physical components are made out of some material which finds a best suit to it.
Mother Nature is the main source from which humans extract materials whether it be from
living or non-living organisms. Over the millennium, man has created and adapted many of
such materials for making objects either to satisfy his needs or to bring a revolution in the
existing technologies. For engineering as well as construction purposes, we use a large
variety of materials. These materials fall under the following categories:-

 Naturally available materials: - These are used only after undergoing very minor
preparationsuch as cutting to the required dimensions, sun-drying, mixing with resins
examples are coal, wood and stones like granite, marble etc.

15
  Some other natural materials that should be modified/ refined before use through
somephysical separations like hand picking, chemical or thermal processes like
electro-refining, concept of difference in melting points etc.are Copper, Aluminum,
Gold and other metals available in the earths crust.
 Synthesized materials that are rarely found freely in nature like Technitium,
Promethium.
 Synthetic materials which arederived from one or more natural raw materials through
major transformation processes like rayon, nylon, plastics, polyesters. Most of these
materials used in the modern mechanical engineering aspects also belong to this
category.

3.3 SELECTION CRITERIA

A design engineer has to select the materials to manufacture his product based on
several aspects such as cost of the material, the required properties that it must
possess,availability, the most economically preferred manufacturing processes that should be
employed, etc.

3.4 PLASTICS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

Plasticsare organic compounds that aresynthetically made 3 Dimensional structured

compounds. They are a result of various complex catenation reactions between compounds
like sulphur, carbon, phosphorus etc. which can be easily formed. It is due to the reason that
plastics have low initial investments, good ease of manufacture, vividness, and high
impermeability to water, they are used to manufacture products at different scales, whether it
be from paper clips to spacecraft applications. They have now replaced several traditional
materials including wood, stone, leather, metal, glass, ceramics and composites in many of
the applications. They are majorly classified into:-

3.4.1 THERMOSETTING POLYMERS

A thermosetting plastic is a liquid or soft solid polymer which when heated irreversibly
solidifies itself into a rigid compound. These materials are also known as
a thermosets or thermosetting polymers. These types of polymers are generally produced and

16
distributed in the form of pellets and thus are shaped into the required final product by using
methods like injection molding etc. Examples are vulcanized rubber, duroplasts, poly-amides.

3.4.2 THERMOPLASTIC POLYMERS

Thermoplastic polymers are usually plastic polymers, which when heated turns into liquid
and when cooled turns into a solid compound. Thermoplastic materials can be cyclically
cooled and heated for a number of times without affecting their mechanical or chemical
properties. The temperature below which when thermoplastics are cooled to solidify them is
called Glass Transition Temperature. Examples are Polyethylene, Polypropylene and PVC’s.

3.5COMPONENTS USED IN THE PROJECT

3.5.1SCREWS AND NUTS

Fig 3.1 – Screw and Nut

Screws are a type of fasteners similar to that of abolt which are usually made out of
materials that have high resistance to compressive stresses like cast iron, HCS etc. and are
characterized by external thread. The most common uses of screws are to fix objects together
and to position them thus providing a better mechanical stability to the components in
attachment.A screw has a flat head on one end that contains a specially formed shape with a
groove in it that allows it to be turned, or driven, by a tool. Common screw driving tools
include screwdrivers and wrenches.

Nuts are also a type of fasteners with aninternal threaded hole. Nuts are always used
in opposition to a mating bolt either to fasten a stack of parts together or to disassemble the
parts attached. The two partners are joined together by a combination of their threads, friction
between the mating components, and compression of the parts. They are employed when

17
vibration during the workingmay lose the tightness between the parts in such conditions
various locking mechanisms can be used. The most common shape is hexagonal, because 6
sides give a good angular approach.

3.5.2 PLASTIC CONTAINER AND WATER CAN

Fig 3.2 - Plastic Container and Water Can

The plastic container majorly employed in the project is made up of

thermosetting polymers. Being made of premium quality plastic, this storage container comes
with the following features i.e. 4 detachable wheels, two side handles and one locking lid at
the top. The sturdy handles of the plastic container can withstand repeated lifting, pushing
and pulling with a considerable amount of wear resistance. The plastic boxes are temperature-
resistant and canwithstand temperatures for a range from-50C to 400C. Dimensions of the
container are 40 x 29.5x 20.5 cm3 (W x D x H).

The water can is also made of the same material. These types of intricate shapes are usually
made by processes like blow molding (smaller components like cans, water bottles),
rotational molding (for larger components like drums) etc. This water can is made by the
process of blow molding in which molten plastic is allowed to flow in die and then high
pressure is applied so that the parison is allowed to take the shape of the component in the
die.

3.5.3 DRILLING MACHINE

A drilling machine is a machine tool majorly used for making round holes into the walls or
work piece and also for driving fasteners. It is fitted with a drill bit depending on application,
secured in the key operated chuck. Drilling machines vary widely in specifications like speed,

18
power, and size. In our project the drill machine is coupled to a cork by mechanically fitting
it into the water can with help of screws to the drill bits.

Fig 3.3- Drilling Machine

3.5.4 VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Fig 3.4 -Voltage Regulator

In automatic control, a regulator is a device whose function is to maintain a designated

characteristic voltage across the circuit thereby providing us with variable speeds by rotating
the knob. In our project we use about 4 speeds for various operations to be performed in the
washing machine.

S.No KNOB POSITION OPERATION

1. 800 WASHING
2. 1060 RINSING
3. 1250 SPINNING
4. 1620 DRYING
TABLE 3.1-Knob Positions on Regulator for Various Operations

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 CHAPTER 4

DESIGN PROCEDURES

4.1 DESIGN ASPECTS

As a design and resource engineer it is necessary that one must design the components in
accordance to the various parameters of operation and design constraints like:-
1. The properties of the material are uniform throughout the cross section i.e. anisotropic
in nature.
2. The properties of the material should not change with temperature.
3. The load acting on the component is uniformly distributed throughout the cross
section.
4. Motion of the parts, kinematics and dynamics of the machine elements.
5. Frictional resistance and lubrication of various parts in contact.
Also these materials fail in accordance with any of the following theories of failures: -
1. Maximum Principal Stress Theory.
2. Maximum Shear Stress Theory.
3. Maximum Principal Strain Theory.
4. Maximum Strain Energy Theory.
5. Maximum Distortion Energy Theory.
Our component can be considered as a development design since it needs considerable
amount of designing ability and special knowledge of materials to be used in order to develop
a new component.

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 Fig 4.13-D Model of the Project

4.2 DESIGN ABBREVATIONS

Table 4.1 – Abbreviations Used For Design Calculations

S.No Symbol Abbreviation/Nomenclature

1 N Speed of Shaft
2 P Power
3 T Twisting moment
4 r/d Radius/Diameter of plastic drum
5 C Circumference
6 w Angular Speed
7 F Load on plastic drum

4.3 DESIGN CALCULATIONS

Dimensions
30 inches (762 mm) = circumference of the 20 liter water drum
15 inches (381 mm) = length of the water drum

We know that,

C= (2 x 3.142 x r)

To find the router radius

We get router radius as

R= 121.276 mm

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We also use an electrical drill machine with drill bit radius as 10 mm

For a power supply of

230 V and 50 Hz results in a power supply of 450 Watts

P=Txw

T = (450) / (2x 3.142x 2600) /60

Therefore the torque produced by the drilling machine is 1.65 N-m

In this project the drilling machine used has a variable speed from a range of 800 to 2600
RPM. Thus we can momentarily conclude that the toque produced by the drilling machine is
satisfactory.

Also we know that

T = F x(d/2)

F = 1.65/0.1193

Therefore we can say that the load F is 13.833 N i.e. 1.4 kgs approximately,

P = T x w (at 800 RPM)

T = (450) /(2 x 3.142 x 800) /60

T = 5.34 N-m

i.e. T max at lowest speed

T=Fxr

F = 5.37/0.1193

F = 45.03 N i.e. about 4.59 kgs

Maximum load is attained at the lowest speed i.e. at 800 RPM and torque obtained at this
speed is T = 5.37 N-m.with the maximum load carrying capacity of 4.59 kgs.

22
 Table 4.2 Iterations for Load and Torque T various Speeds

S.no Speed Power Load Torque

RPM Watts Kgs Newton-meter

1. 2600 450 1.41 1.65
2. 2510 450 1.46 1.71
3. 2420 450 1.51 1.77
4. 2330 450 1.57 1.84
5. 2240 450 1.63 1.91
6. 2150 450 1.7 1.99
7. 2060 450 1.77 2.08
8. 1970 450 1.86 2.18
9. 1880 450 1.95 2.28
10. 1790 450 2.05 2.4
11. 1700 450 2.15 2.52
12. 1610 450 2.27 2.66
13. 1520 450 2.41 2.82
14. 1430 450 2.56 3
15. 1340 450 2.73 3.2
16. 1250 450 2.93 3.43
17. 1160 450 3.16 3.7
18. 1070 450 3.45 4.01
19. 980 450 3.74 4.38
20. 890 450 4.11 4.82
21. 800 450 4.58 5.37

Thus depending upon the above approximate calculations we can finally conclude that

 Washing speed range = 800 RPM to 890 RPM

 Rinsing speed range = 980 RPM to 1060 RPM
 Spinning speed range = 1160 RPM to 1250 RPM

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  Drying speed range = above 1250 RPM

But the drawback of this machine is that we cannot use this machine at very high speeds i.e.
at a range of 11600 RPM to 2600 RPM and also that the load bearing capacity of the machine
is also limited because of less mechanical rigidity and huge vibrations generated during
operation.

CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT

5.1 PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION

After confirming with the feasibility conditions of the project, i.e. its economic nature, ease
of operation and technical approach of the project,Multi-Operated Washing Machine is thus
designed and manufactured by facing the real world problems. We can now say that it
worked successfully and finally the output obtained is what we desired.

5.2 COMPARATIVE COST ESTIMATION

Now-a-days there has been more advancement in the washing machines which has resulted in
rise in the cost of washing machines. Usually washing machines cost range between Rs 7,000
to Rs 40,000 approximately. The totalcost involved for the fabrication of our project is nearly
3 times less than the minimum cost of the washing machine commonly used. Costs have been
displayed based on the market survey for cost of thematerials that are being purchased,
processing costs and other parameters that were involved in the manufacturing of the project.
Anapproximate cost estimation has been done and it has been listed as follows :-

5.3 BILL OF MATERIAL

Table 5.1 - BILL OF MATERIAL

S.No DESCRIPTION No’s COST (in Rs)

24
 1 Plastic Container (90L) 1 Rs 1000
2 Water Can 1 Rs 20
3 Drilling Machine 1 Rs 1000
4 Door Closers 2
5 Hinges 2 Rs 100
6 U Bolts, Screws & Nuts 6
7 Wooden block pieces and Decorum --- Rs 100
Total Rs 2220

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION

Our seed sowing and fertiliser spraying projects have been completed satisfactorily. The
equipment is specifically designed for farmers with modest farmland, such as 5-6 acres. It is
appropriate for spraying and weeding at a low cost to the farmer, allowing him to afford it.
The equipment's effectiveness will improve when it is used on a smooth or less uneven
surface, and it will also be more effective when it is used on crops that are about the same
height and have less space between them. The following are some of the benefits of using a
manual seed planter machine:
1. The efficiency of planting improves.
2. Crop yield has been maximised to its maximum potential.
3. Seed can be planted consistently in a row with the desired spacing and depth between
plants.
4. The expense of maintenance is lower.
5. There is less work to be done.
6. Cover the seed completely with soil.
7. Spraying can be done evenly.
8. The required distance between two seeds is measured, and the seed and fertiliser are
placed at the correct depth.
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 9. Cover the seed with soil and compact the soil around it properly.
This project was designed with pre-planning in mind, allowing for operational
flexibility. This invention has made the more appealing and cost-effective. This project,
"Design and Fabrication of Seeds Sowing and Spraying Machine for Agriculture
Purpose" was created with the hopes of being both cost-effective and beneficial to the
agricultural area. This assignment taught us about the steps involved in finishing a
project. As a result, the project was effectively finished.

.
CHAPTER 7

FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

Seed sowing and spraying machine is a technology that assists farmers in saving time and
money by supporting them in sowing seeds and spraying in the appropriate location.

In the future, all machines will run on renewable energy sources.

It is possible to make the machine more portable.

The cost can also be decreased to some extent by mass-producing it.

This automatic seed sowing and water spraying machine has considerable potential to greatly
increase the productivity by using this innovative project. We can save time and money by
farming more efficiently. Every time the wheel completes a full rotation, the seeds sowing
mechanism is activated, and seeding in the soil occurs. Another spraying procedure is carried
out by the slider crank mechanism during this operation.

It saves farmers time and effort while spreading seeds and spraying fertiliser. Many farmers
have been poisoned as a result of spraying genuine engineering mechanisms and their
operations.

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 CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES

1. DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SEED SOWING MACHINE ALONG WITH

FERTILIZER SPRAYER Prof. P.S.Gorane , Patil Nikhil , Patil Shubham , Pawar

Ganesh , Raut Madhuri

2. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology

(IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 8

Issue X Oct 2020- Available at www.ijraset.com (Design and Fabrication of Seed

Sowing and Spraying Machine for Agriculture)

3. International Conference on Emanations in Mordern Engineering Science &

Management ( ICEMESM-2018 ) ISSN: 2395-1303 http://www.ijetjournal.org Page 1

DESIGN of AUTOMATIC SEED SOWER with WATER SPRAYERMACHINE

Anil.H. Ingle1 ,Vishavakarma Kharate 2, Krinal Parad

4. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH IN

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ISSN 0975 – 668X| NOV 16 TO OCT 17 ,

VOLUME –04, ISSUE – 02 PRESENTED at NC-RDD-EMS-2017 on 18 /03/2017 at

RAJGAD DNYANPEETH TECHNICAL CAMPUS

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5. International Journal of Computer Science Trends and Technology (IJCST) – Volume

5 Issue 2, Mar – Apr 2017 ISSN: 2347-8578 www.ijcstjournal.org Page 131 Seed

Sowing Robot

6. ‘Multipurpose seed sowing machine’ by Raut Madhuri1, Prof. P.S.Gorane2, Pawar

Ganesh 3, Patil Shubham4, Patil Nikhil5, International journal of advance technology

in engineering and science, ISSN:2348-7550, vol no.4,issue no.12,December 2016

7. ‘Enhanced agriculture robotic system’ by Mr.Sagar R. Chavan , Prof. Rahul D.

Shelke, Prof. Shrinivas R. Zanwar, International journal of engineering sciences &

research technology, [Chavan , 4(2): February, 2015] ISSN: 2277-9655 Scientific

Journal Impact Factor: 3.449 (ISRA), Impact Factor: 2.114.

8. Raut Madhuri , P.S.Gorane , Pawar Ganesh, Patil Shubham , Patil Nikhil (2016),

“Multipurpose Seed Sowing Machine”. International journals of advanced technology

in engineering and science, volume 4: 521-529. \

9. N.R.Jadhao, Chinmay Kadam, Haider Gazge, Rahul Dhagia, Nikhil Kalpund (2015),

“Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle With Router Weeder And Seed Sower”. International

Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development, volume 4:196-

206.Bruzzone, and WielerA. 2010. Reflecting on an Intercultural Design-Build

Project in the Kathmandu Valley‖ Final Draft, February 5, 2010

10. A. Rohokale , 2004 “International journal of advanced agriculture system with proper

seed spacing”.

11. C. R. Mehta, N. S. Chandal, “Status, Challenges and Strategies for Farm

Mechanization iIndia” Article in AMA, Agricultural mechanization in Asia, Africa

and Latin America ,SEP 2014

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PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE PROJECT

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