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Indian Polity: Historical and Constitutional Overview

The document provides an overview of Indian polity, including: 1) The historical background of governance in India from Company rule through the British Crown and independence acts. 2) The process of drafting and enacting the Indian Constitution after independence, including the role of the Constituent Assembly and various committees. 3) The salient features of the Indian Constitution such as its length, sources, federal system, parliamentary democracy, fundamental rights, and secularism.

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Praney Slathia
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122 views3 pages

Indian Polity: Historical and Constitutional Overview

The document provides an overview of Indian polity, including: 1) The historical background of governance in India from Company rule through the British Crown and independence acts. 2) The process of drafting and enacting the Indian Constitution after independence, including the role of the Constituent Assembly and various committees. 3) The salient features of the Indian Constitution such as its length, sources, federal system, parliamentary democracy, fundamental rights, and secularism.

Uploaded by

Praney Slathia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN POLITY

Historical Background
 The company rules
o The regulating act of 1773
o Pitt’s India Act
o Charter Act, 1883
o Charter Act, 1853
 The crown rules
o GoI Act of 1858
o Indian Councils Act, 1861
o Indian Councils Act, 1892
o Indian Councils Act, 1909
o GoI Act, 1919
o Simon commission
o Communal award
o GoI Act, 1935
o Indian Independence Act, 1947

Making of the Constitution


 Demand for constituent assembly
 Composition of CA
 Working of CA
o Objectives resolution
o Changes by Independence Act
o Other fx performed
 Committees of CA
o Major committees
o Minor committees
o Drafting committee
 Enactment of constitution
 Enforcement
 Criticism
 Important facts

Salient features
 Length
 Sources
 Rigidity and flexibility
 Federal system with unitary bias
 Parliamentary form
 Parliamentary sovereignty and independent judiciary
 Integration and independence
 Fundamental rights
 DPSP
 Fundamental duties
 Secular state
 Universal adult franchise
 Single citizenship
 Independent bodies
 Emergency
 Three tiered govt
 Cooperative societies

 Criticism

Preamble
 Text
 Ingredients
o Source
o Objective
o Nature
o State
 So So Se De Re JLEF
 Significance
 As a part of Const.
 Amendability of preamble
 Referendum, initiative, recall, plebiscite

Union and it’s territories


 Union of states: 3 types
 Parliament and reorganization
 Evolution of states and UT
o Dhar commission and JVP committee
o Fazl Ali commission
 New state and UT
o Maharashtra and Gujarat
o Dadra and Nagar haveli
o Goa, Daman and Diu
o Puducherry
o Nagaland
o Haryana, Chandigarh and Himachal
o Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya
o Sikkim
o Mizoram, Arunachal, Goa
o Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand
o Telangana
o J&K and Ladakh
o DDDNH
 Change in names

Citizenship
 Exclusive to citizens
 Constitutional provisions (4 + 3)
 Citizenship Act of 1955
 Acquisition of citizenship
o Birth
o Descent
o Registration
o Naturalization
o Incorporation of territory
 Assam accord provisions
 Loss of citizenship
o Renunciation
o Termination
o Deprivation
 Single citizenship
 Overseas citizen of India
o PIO card scheme
o Registration
o Conferment of rights
o Renunciation
o Cancellation
o NRI vs PIO vs OCI

Fundamental Rights
 Seven original rights
 Features of FR (12 + 5*)
 Definition of State
 Laws inconsistent with FR
 19 quantifiable rights in subclauses
 Citizens only
 Foreigner and citizen
 Right to equality
o Significance
o Rule of Law
o Exceptions to equality
o Prohibition of discrimination
 Grounds for discrimination
 Public vs private
 Creamy layer
 3 exceptions
o Public employment and opportunity
 3 exceptions
 Mandal commission
 Mandal case
 GoI steps
o Abolition of untouchability
o Abolition of titles
 Right to freedom
o Six rights under 19

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