Thoracic Wall to Upper limb

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY

Pectoralis major Medial half of clavicle Lateral lip of bicipital groove Shoulder flexion, adduction, Medial pectoral
(clavicular head) of humerus IR nerve
Sternum, 1st-6th costal Lateral pectoral
cartilages (sternal head) nerve
Pectoralis minor 3rd-5th ribs Coracoid process of scapula Scapular depression Medial pectoral
Elevation of ribs nerve
Subclavius 1st costal cartilage Middle 1/3 of clavicle Clavicular depression Nerve to
subclavius
Serratus anterior 1st-8th ribs Medial border and inferior Scapular protraction, Long thoracic
angle of scapula depression, upward nerve
rotation
Vertebral Column to Upper limb
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Trapezius Superior nuchal line, external Lateral 1/3 of clavicle (upper Scapular elevation (upper Spinal accessory
occipital protuberance of fibers) fibers) nerve
occipital bone Acromion and spine of scapula adduction (middle fibers) Ventral rami of C3-
Ligamentum nuchae (middle and lower fibers) depression (lower fibers) C4
Spinous process of C7-T12 adduction, upward rotation
(all fibers)
Capital and cervical extension
(bilateral)
with ipsilateral lateral
flexion and contralateral
rotation (unilateral)
Latissimus dorsi Iliac crest Floor of bicipital groove of Shoulder extension, Thoracodorsal
Thoracoumbar fascia humerus adduction, IR nerve
Spinous process of T7-T12
8th/9th-12th ribs
Inferior angle of scapula
Levator scapula Transverse process of C1-C4 Medial border of scapula from Scapular elevation Dorsal scapular
superior border to root of Capital and cervical extension nerve
spine (bilateral) Ventral rami of C3-
with ipsilateral lateral C4
flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Rhomboid minor Ligamentum nuchae Medial border of scapula at Scapular adduction, Dorsal scapular
Spinous process of C7-T1 the root of the spine elevation, downward nerve
rotation
Rhomboid major Spinous process of T2-T5 Medial border of scapula from Scapular adduction, Dorsal scapular
the root of the spine to elevation, downward nerve
inferior angle rotation
Scapula to Humerus
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Deltoid Lateral 1/3 of clavicle Lateral midshaft/deltoid Shoulder abduction Axillary nerve
Acromion and spine of scapula tuberosity of humerus *Shoulder flexion, IR
(anterior fibers)
*Shoulder extension, ER
(posterior fibers)
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus Shoulder abduction Suprascapular
at the superior facet nerve
Shoulder joint capsule
Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tuberosity of humerus Shoulder ER Suprascapular
at the middle facet nerve
Shoulder joint capsule
Teres minor Upper 2/3 of lateral border of Greater tuberosity of humerus Shoulder ER Axillary nerve
scapula at the inferior facet
Shoulder joint capsule
Teres major Lower 1/3 of lateral border of Medial lip of bicipital groove Shoulder adduction, IR Lower subscapular
scapula of humerus nerve
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tuberosity of humerus Shoulder IR Upper subscapular
nerve
Lower subscapular
nerve
Arm – Anterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Biceps brachii Supraglenoid tubercle of Radial tuberosity Elbow flexion Musculocutaneous
scapula (long head) Bicipital aponeurosis to the Forearm supination nerve
Coracoid process of scapula deep fascia of forearm *Shoulder flexion
(short head)
Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of scapula Medial shaft of the humerus Shoulder flexion, adduction Musculocutaneous
nerve
Brachialis Lower 1/2 of anterior shaft of Coronoid process of ulna Elbow flexion Musculocutaneous
humerus nerve
Radial nerve
(lateral part)
Arm – Posterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Triceps brachii Infraglenoid tubercle of Olecranon process of ulna Elbow extension Radial nerve
scapula (long head) *Shoulder extension,
Upper 1/2 of posterior shaft of adduction (long head)
humerus (lateral head)
Lower 1/2 of posterior shaft of
humerus (medial head)
Forearm – Anterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPERFICIAL LAYER
Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral midshaft of radius Forearm pronation Median nerve
(humeral head) *Elbow flexion
Medial coronoid process of
ulna (ulnar head)
Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd-3rd metacarpals Wrist flexion, radial deviation Median nerve
Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Flexor retinaculum Wrist flexion Median nerve
Palmar aponeurosis
Flexor carpi ulnaris Medial epicondyle of humerus Pisiform, hook of hamate Wrist flexion, ulnar deviation Ulnar nerve
(humeral head) Base of 5th metacarpal
Medial olecranon process and
posterior border of ulna
(ulnar head)
INTERMEDIATE LAYER
Flexor digitorum Medial epicondyle of Anterior middle phalanx of PIP flexion of 2nd-5th digits Median nerve
superficialis humerus, 2nd-5th digits *MCP flexion of 2nd-5th
medial coronoid process of digits
ulna (humeroulnar head) *Wrist flexion
Oblique line on anterior shaft
of radius (radial head)
DEEP LAYER
Flexor pollicis longus Anterior shaft of radius Anterior distal phalanx of Thumb IP flexion Anterior
thumb *Thumb MCP flexion interosseous
branch of
median nerve
Flexor digitorum Anteromedial shaft of ulna Anterior distal phalanx of 2nd- DIP flexion of 2nd-5th digits Anterior
profundus 5th digits *PIP and MCP flexion of interosseous
2nd-5th digits branch of
*Wrist flexion median nerve
(lateral half)
Ulnar nerve
(medial half)
Pronator quadratus Distal anterior shaft of ulna Distal anterior shaft of radius Forearm pronation Anterior
interosseous
branch of
median nerve
Forearm – Lateral Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Brachioradialis Proximal lateral supracondylar Styloid process of radius Elbow flexion Radial nerve
ridge of humerus *Forearm
pronation/supination up to
midposition
Extensor carpi Distal lateral supracondylar Posterior base of 2nd Wrist extension, radial Radial nerve
radialis longus ridge of humerus metacarpal deviation
Forearm – Posterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPERFICIAL LAYER
Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior base of 3rd Wrist extension, radial Deep branch of
radialis brevis metacarpal deviation radial nerve
Extensor digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Middle and distal phalanx of DIP, PIP, MCP extension of Deep branch of
2nd-5th digits 2nd-5th digits radial nerve
*Wrist extension
Extensor digiti Lateral epicondyle of humerus Extensor expansion of 5th digit MCP extension of 5th digit Deep branch of
minimi radial nerve
Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of humerus Base of 5th metacarpal Wrist extension, ulnar Deep branch of
ulnaris deviation radial nerve
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral olecranon process of Elbow extension Radial nerve
ulna
DEEP LAYER
Supinator Lateral epicondyle of Lateral neck and shaft of Forearm supination Deep branch of
humerus, radial collateral radius proximal to anterior radial nerve
and annular ligament oblique line
(superficial part)
Supinator crest of ulna (deep
part)
Abductor pollicis Posterior shafts of radius and Lateral base of 1st metacarpal Thumb CMC abduction Deep branch of
longus ulna *Thumb CMC extension radial nerve
Extensor pollicis Posterior shaft of radius Posterior base of proximal Thumb MCP extension Deep branch of
brevis phalanx of thumb *Thumb CMC extension radial nerve
Extensor pollicis Posterior shaft of ulna Posterior base of distal Thumb IP extension Deep branch of
longus phalanx of thumb *Thumb MCP, CMC radial nerve
extension
Extensor indicis Posterior shaft of ulna Extensor expansion of 2nd digit MCP extension of 2nd digit Deep branch of
radial nerve
Hand
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Palmaris brevis Flexor retinaculum Dermis of skin of palm Corrugates skin of palm Superficial branch
Palmar aponeurosis of ulnar nerve
Lumbricals (4) Flexor digitorum profundus Extensor expansion of 2nd-5th MCP flexion of 2nd-5th digits Median nerve
tendons digits DIP and PIP extension of 2nd- (lateral two, #1-
5th digits 2)
Deep branch of
ulnar nerve
(medial two,
#3-4)
Palmar Interossei (4) Base of 1st metacarpal (#1) Base of proximal phalanx of MCP adduction of 1st, 2nd, 4th, Deep branch of
Anterior shaft of 2nd, 4th, and 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th digits 5th digits ulnar nerve
5th metacarpal (#2-4) Extensor expansion of 2nd, 4th,
5th digits
Dorsal interossei (4) Adjacent sides of shafts of Base of proximal phalanx of MCP abduction of 2nd, 3rd, 4th Deep branch of
metacarpals 2nd, 3rd, 4th digits digits ulnar nerve
Extensor expansion of 2nd, 3rd,
4th digits
Adductor pollicis Capitate, base of 2nd-3rd Base of proximal phalanx of Thumb MCP adduction Deep branch of
metacarpal (oblique head) thumb ulnar nerve
3rd metacarpal (transverse
head)
THENAR MUSCLES
Abductor pollicis Scaphoid, trapezium Base of proximal phalanx of Thumb MCP abduction Median nerve
brevis Flexor retinaculum thumb
Flexor pollicis brevis Flexor retinaculum Base of proximal phalanx of Thumb MCP flexion Median nerve
thumb
Opponens pollicis Flexor retinaculum Shaft of 1st metacarpal Thumb opposition Median nerve
HYPOTHENAR MUSCLES
Abductor digiti Pisiform Base of proximal phalanx of MCP abduction of 5th digit Deep branch of
minimi 5th digit ulnar nerve
Flexor digiti minimi Hook of hamate Base of proximal phalanx of MCP flexion of 5th digit Deep branch of
Flexor retinaculum 5th digit ulnar nerve
Opponens digiti Hook of hamate Medial border of 5th Opposition of 5th digit Deep branch of
minimi Flexor retinaculum metacarpal ulnar nerve

Gluteal Region

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY

Gluteus maximus Outer ilium, posterior to the Gluteal tuberosity of femur Hip extension, abduction, ER Inferior gluteal
posterior gluteal line Iliotibial tract to the lateral *Knee extension nerve
Sacrum, coccyx condyle of tibia
Sacrotuberous ligament
Gluteus medius Outer ilium, between Lateral greater trochanter of Hip abduction Superior gluteal
anterior/middle and femur *Pelvic tilt on opposite LE nerve
posterior gluteal lines
Gluteus minimus Outer ilium, between inferior Anterior greater trochanter of Hip abduction, IR Superior gluteal
and anterior/middle gluteal femur nerve
lines
Tensor fascia latae Iliac crest, between anterior Iliotibial tract to the lateral Hip flexion, abduction, IR Superior gluteal
superior iliac spine and iliac condyle of tibia *Knee extension, ER nerve
crest
Piriformis Anterior sacrum Upper greater trochanter of Hip ER Nerve to piriformis
femur
Gemellus superior Ischial spine Hip ER Nerve to obturator
internus
Obturator internus Inner obturator membrane Hip ER Nerve to obturator
Upper greater trochanter of
internus
femur (common tendon)
Gemellus inferior Ischial tuberosity Hip ER Nerve to
quadratus
femoris
Quadratus femoris Lateral ischial tuberosity Quadrate tubercle of femur Hip ER Nerve to
quadratus
femoris
Thigh – Anterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Sartorius Anterior superior iliac spine Proximomedial shaft of tibia Hip flexion, abduction, ER Anterior division
*Knee flexion, IR of femoral
nerve
Iliacus Iliac fossa Lesser trochanter of femur Hip flexion Femoral nerve
*Anterior pelvic tilt
Psoas major Transverse processes, bodies Lesser trochanter of femur Hip flexion Ventral rami of L1-
and intervertebral discs of *Anterior pelvic tilt L3
T12-L5
Pectineus Superior ramus of pubis Pectineal line and upper linea Hip flexion, adduction Anterior division
aspera of femur of femoral
nerve
*Anterior branch
of obturator
nerve or
accessory
branch of
obturator nerve
Quadriceps femoris Patella, via ligamentum patella Knee extension Posterior division
Rectus femoris Anterior inferior iliac spine to tibial tuberosity *Retraction of synovial of femoral
(straight head) membrane (articularis nerve
Vastus lateralis Ilium superior to acetabulum genu)
Vastus medialis (reflected head)
Vastus Upper shaft of femur
intermedius Upper shaft of femur
Anterolateral shaft of femur
Articularis genu Anterior lower the shaft of Knee joint capsule (or on the Pulls the joint capsule (and Posterior division
femur superior edge of the patella) synovial membrane) of femoral
superiorly as the knee nerve
extends
Thigh – Medial Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Gracilis Inferior ramus of pubis Proximomedial shaft of tibia Hip adduction Anterior branch of
Ramus of ischium *Knee flexion obturator nerve
Adductor longus Body of pubis, medial to pubic Middle 1/3 of linea aspera of Hip adduction Anterior branch of
tubercle femur *Hip ER obturator nerve
Adductor brevis Inferior ramus of pubis Upper 1/3 of linea aspera of Hip adduction Anterior branch of
femur *Hip ER obturator nerve
*Posterior
branch of
obturator nerve
Adductor magnus Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus Posterior shaft and adductor Hip adduction Posterior branch
 of ischium (adductor tubercle of femur *Hip ER of obturator
portion) *Hip extension (hamstring nerve
Ischial tuberosity (hamstring portion) (adductor
portion portion)
Tibial portion of
sciatic nerve
(hamstring
portion)
Obturator externus Outer obturator membrane Medial greater trochanter of Hip ER Posterior branch
Ramus of ischium and pubis femur of obturator
nerve
Thigh – Posterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Biceps femoris Ischial tuberosity (long head) Head of fibula Knee flexion, ER Tibial portion of
Linea aspera, lateral *Hip extension (long head) sciatic nerve
supracondylar ridge of (long head)
femur (short head) Common peroneal
portion of
sciatic nerve
(short head)
Semitendinosus Ischial tuberosity Proximomedial shaft of tibia Knee flexion, IR Tibial portion of
*Hip extension sciatic nerve
Semimembranosus Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of tibia Knee flexion, IR Tibial portion of
*Hip extension sciatic nerve
Adductor magnus
(hamstring portion
Leg – Anterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Tibialis anterior Lateral shaft of tibia Medial cuneiform Ankle dorsiflexion Deep peroneal
Interosseus membrane Base of 1st metatarsal Foot inversion nerve
Extensor digitorum Anterior shaft of fibula Extensor expansion of 2nd-5th MTP extension of 2nd-5th toes Deep peroneal
longus toes nerve
Peroneus tertius Anterior shaft of fibula Base of 5th metatarsal Ankle dorsiflexion Deep peroneal
Foot eversion nerve
Extensor hallucis Anterior shaft of fibula Base of distal phalanx of big IP extension of big toe Deep peroneal
longus toe *Ankle dorsiflexion nerve
*Foot inversion
Extensor digitorum Calcaneus Proximal phalanx of big toe MTP extension of 1st-4th toes Deep peroneal
brevis Extensor expansion of 2nd-4th nerve
toes
Leg – Lateral Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Peroneus longus Lateral shaft of fibula Medial cuneiform Ankle plantarflexion Superficial
Base of 1st metatarsal Foot eversion peroneal nerve
Peroneus brevis Lateral shaft of fibula Base of 5th metatarsal Ankle plantarflexion Superficial
Foot eversion peroneal nerve
Leg – Posterior Compartment
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPERFICIAL GROUP
Gastrocnemius Lateral condyle of femur Posterior calcaneus Ankle plantarflexion Tibial nerve
(lateral head) *Knee flexion
Medial condyle of femur
(medial head)
Plantaris Lateral supracondylar ridge of Posterior calcaneus Ankle plantarflexion Tibial nerve
femur *Knee flexion
Soleus Shafts of tibia and fibula Posterior calcaneus Ankle plantarflexion Tibial nerve
DEEP GROUP
Popliteus Lateral condyle of femur Posterior shaft of tibia, above Knee flexion, IR Tibial nerve
soleal line
Flexor digitorum Posterior shaft of tibia Base of distal phalanx of 2nd- DIP flexion of 2nd-5th toes Tibial nerve
longus 5th toes *PIP, MTP flexion of 2nd-5th
toes
*Ankle plantarflexion
Flexor hallucis Posterior shaft of fibula Base of distal phalanx of big IP flexion of big toe Tibial nerve
longus toe *MTP flexion big toe
*Ankle plantarflexion
Tibialis posterior Posterior shafts of tibia and Navicular tuberosity Ankle plantarflexion Tibial nerve
 fibula Other adjacent bones Foot inversion
Interosseus membrane
Sole
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
FIRST LAYER
Abductor hallucis Medial tubercle of calcaneus Base of proximal phalanx of MTP abduction of big toe Medial plantar
Flexor retinaculum big toe *MTP flexion of big toe nerve
Flexor digitorum Medial tubercle of calcaneus Middle phalanx of 2nd-5th toes PIP flexion of 2nd-5th toes Medial plantar
brevis nerve
Abductor digiti Medial and lateral tubercle of Base of proximal phalanx of MTP abduction of 5th toe Lateral plantar
minimi calcaneus 5th toe nerve
SECOND LAYER
Quadratus plantae Medial and lateral calcaneus Flexor digitorum longus Assist flexor digitorum longus Lateral plantar
tendons nerve
Lumbricals (4) Flexor digitorum longus Base of proximal phalanx of MTP flexion of 2nd-5th toes Medial plantar
tendons 2nd-5th toes DIP, PIP extension of 2nd-5th nerve (#1)
Extensor expansion of 2nd-5th toes Lateral plantar
toes nerve (#2-4)
Flexor digitorum
longus (tendon)
Flexor hallucis
longus (tendon)
THIRD LAYER
Flexor hallucis Cuboid, lateral cuneiform Medial base of proximal MTP flexion of big toe Medial plantar
brevis Tibialis posterior insertions phalanx of big toe (medial nerve
tendon)
Lateral base of proximal
phalanx of big toe (lateral
tendon)
Adductor hallucis Base of 2nd-5th metatarsal Lateral base of proximal MTP adduction of big toe Deep branch of
(oblique head) phalanx of big toe *MTP flexion of big toe lateral plantar
Plantar ligaments (transverse nerve
head)
Flexor digiti minimi Base of 5th metatarsal bone Lateral base of proximal MTP flexion of 5th toe Superficial branch
brevis phalanx of 5th toe of lateral
plantar nerve
FOURTH LAYER
Plantar interossei Inferior shaft of 3rd-5th Medial base of proximal MTP adduction of 3rd-5th toes Lateral plantar
(3) metatarsals phalanx of 3rd-5th toes *DIP, PIP extension of 3rd- nerve
Extensor expansion of 3rd-5th 5th toes
toes
Dorsal interossei (4) Adjacent sides of metatarsals Lateral base of proximal MTP abduction of 2nd-4th toes Lateral plantar
phalanx of 2nd toe (#1) *DIP extension of 2nd-4th nerve
Medial base of proximal toes
phalanx of 2nd-4th toe (#2-4)
Extensor expansion of 2nd-4th
toes
Peroneus longus
(tendon)
Tibialis posterior
(tendon)

Head
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
EPICRANIAL GROUP – SCALP
Occipitofrontalis Raises eyebrows, horizontal Temporal branch
 wrinkles e.g. surprise (frontal of CNVII (facial
belly) nerve) (frontal
Draws scalp posteriorly belly)
(occipital belly) Posterior auricular
branch of CN
VII (facial
nerve)
(occipital belly)
MIDDLE EAR
Tensor tympani Dampens sound Mandibular
division of CN V
(trigeminal
nerve)
Stapedius Dampens sound CN VII (facial
nerve)
EXTRAOCULAR GROUP – EXTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE EYEBALL
Medial rectus Adduction of eyeballs Inferior division of
CN III
(oculomotor
nerve)
Lateral rectus Abduction of eyeballs CN VI (abducens
nerve)
Superior rectus Elevation, adduction and Superior division
intorsion of eyeballs of CN III
(oculomotor
nerve)
Inferior rectus Depression, adduction and Inferior division of
extorsion of eyeballs CN III
(oculomotor
nerve)
Superior oblique Depression, abduction and CN IV (trochlear
extorsion of eyeballs nerve)
Inferior oblique Elevation, abduction and Inferior division of
intorsion of eyeballs CN III
(oculomotor
nerve)
Levator palpebrae Raises upper eyelids Superior division
superioris of CN III
(oculomotor
nerve)
Sympathetic
(superior
tarsal/ Muller
muscle)
INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF THE EYEBALL
Sphincter pupillae of Pupillary constriction Parasympathetic
the iris from CN III
(oculomotor
nerve)
Dilator pupillae of Pupillary dilation Sympathetic
the iris
Ciliary body/muscle Pupillary constriction; makes Parasympathetic
lens more globular during from CN III
near-accommodation (oculomotor
nerve)
CIRCUMORBITAL AND PALPEBRAL GROUP
Orbicularis oculi Closes the eyelids Temporal and
zygomatic
branches of CN
VII (facial
nerve.
Corrugator supercilii Vertical wrinkles of forehead Temporal branch
e.g. frowning of CN VII (facial
nerve
Levator palpebrae
superioris
NASAL GROUP
Procerus Transverse wrinkles over the Temporal and
bridge of the nose e.g. zygomatic
 distaste branches of CN
VII (facial nerve
Nasalis Widens nasal aperture Buccal branch of
(dilator naris) the CN VII
Compresses nasal aperture (facial nerve)
(compressor nasi/naris)
BUCCOLABIAL GROUP – MOUTH
Levator labii Raises upper lips Zygomatic and
superioris alaeque buccal
nasi branches of CN
VII (facial
nerve)
Levator labii Raises upper lips Zygomatic and
superioris buccal
branches of CN
VII (facial
nerve)
Zygomaticus major Draws angle of mouth Zygomatic and
superiorly and laterally e.g. buccal
smiling branches of CN
VII (facial
nerve)
Zygomaticus minor Raises upper lip, exposing the Zygomatic and
maxillary teeth buccal
branches of CN
VII (facial
nerve)
Levator anguli oris Draws angle of mouth Zygomatic and
superiorly and laterally e.g. buccal
sneering branches of CN
VII (facial
nerve)
Risorius Draws angle of mouth Buccal branch of
laterally e.g. grimacing the CN VII
(facial nerve)
Depressor anguli Draws angle of mouth Buccal and
oris inferiorly and laterally mandibular
branches of the
CN VII (facial
nerve)
Depressor labii Depresses lower lips Mandibular
inferioris branch of the
CN VII (facial
nerve)
Mentalis Elevates and protrudes lower Mandibular
lip, pulls skin of chin up e.g. branch of the
pouting, sulking CN VII (facial
nerve)
Buccinator Compresses the cheek Buccal branch of
against the teeth and gums the CN VII
e.g. in blowing, sucking, (facial nerve)
chewing
Orbicularis oris Closes and protrudes lips e.g. Buccal and
kissing mandibular
branches of the
CN VII (facial
nerve)
MASTICATION
Masseter Zygomatic arch Lateral ramus of mandible Mandibular elevation, Mandibular
protrusion division of CN V
(trigeminal
nerve)/V3
Temporalis Floor of temporal fossa Coronoid process of mandible Mandibular elevation, Mandibular
retrusion (posterior fibers), division of CN V
ipsilateral deviation (trigeminal
nerve)/V3
Medial pterygoid Tuberosity of maxillae, lateral Medial angle of mandible Mandibular elevation, Mandibular
pterygoid plate protrusion, contralateral division of CN V
deviation (trigeminal
 nerve)/V3
Lateral pterygoid Greater wing of sphenoid, Neck of mandible Mandibular depression, Mandibular
lateral pterygoid plate Articular disc protrusion, contralateral division of CN V
deviation (trigeminal
nerve)/V3
Tongue
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
TONGUE - EXTRINSIC
Genioglossus Tongue protrusion; CN XII (hypoglossal
with deviation to opposite nerve)
side (unilateral)
Styloglossus Draws tongue superiorly and CN XII (hypoglossal
posteriorly nerve)
Hyoglossus Tongue depression CN XII (hypoglossal
nerve)
Chondroglossus Tongue depression CN XII (hypoglossal
nerve)
Palatoglossus Pulls the root of the tongue Pharyngeal plexus
superiorly and posteriorly, i.e. pharyngeal
narrows oropharyngeal branch of CN X
isthmus (vagus nerve)
TONGUE – INTRINSIC
Longitudinal Alters shape of the tongue CN XII (hypoglossal
Transverse nerve)
Vertical
Soft Palate
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Tensor veli palatini Tenses soft palate Mandibular
division of CN V
(trigeminal
nerve)/V3
Levator veli palatini Elevates soft palate Pharyngeal plexus
i.e. pharyngeal
branch of CN X
(vagus nerve)
Musculus uvulae Elevates uvula Pharyngeal plexus
i.e. pharyngeal
branch of CN X
(vagus nerve)
Palatopharyngeus Elevates the pharynx, Pharyngeal plexus
forward and medially i.e. pharyngeal
Approximates branch of CN X
palatopharyngeal arches (vagus nerve)
Palatoglossus
Pharynx
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Superior constrictor Constricts upper part of Pharyngeal plexus
pharynx i.e. pharyngeal
branch of CN X
(vagus nerve)
Middle constrictor Constricts middle part of Pharyngeal plexus
pharynx i.e. pharyngeal
branch of CN X
(vagus nerve)
Inferior constrictor Constricts lower part of Pharyngeal plexus
Thyropharyngeus pharynx i.e. pharyngeal
Cricopharyngeus branch of CN X
(vagus nerve)
Salpingopharyngeus Elevates pharynx Pharyngeal plexus
i.e. pharyngeal
branch of CN X
(vagus nerve)
Stylopharyngeus Elevates larynx CN IX
(glossopharyng
eal nerve)
Palatopharyngeus
Larynx
 MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Oblique arytenoid Narrows the laryngeal inlet Recurrent
laryngeal nerve
from CN X
(vagus)
Thyroepiglottic Widens the laryngeal inlet Recurrent
laryngeal nerve
from CN X
(vagus)
Cricothyroid Tenses the vocal cords External laryngeal
nerve from CN
X (vagus)
Thyroarytenoid Relaxes the vocal cords Recurrent
laryngeal nerve
from CN X
(vagus)
Lateral Adducts the vocal cords Recurrent
cricoarytenoid laryngeal nerve
from CN X
(vagus)
Posterior Abducts the vocal cords Recurrent
cricoarytenoid laryngeal nerve
from CN X
(vagus)
Transverse Approximates the arytenoid Recurrent
arytenoid laryngeal nerve
from CN X
(vagus)
Neck
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
ANTERIOR GROUP
Platysma Depresses mandible and Cervical branch of
angle of the mouth e.g. CN VII (facial
“egad”, horror nerve)
Rectus capitis Root of transverse process Inferior basilar part of Capital flexion Ventral rami of C1-
anterior and anterior surface of lateral occipital bone C2
mass of C1
Rectus capitis Transverse process of C1 Jugular process of occipital Capital flexion, ipsilateral Ventral rami of C1-
lateralis bone flexion C2
Longus capitis Anterior tubercles of Inferior basilar part of Capital flexion Ventral rami of C1-
transverse process of C3-C6 occipital bone C3
Longus colli Cervical flexion (bilateral) Ventral rami of C2-
Superior oblique anterior tubercles of the tubercle on the anterior arch with ipsilateral lateral C6
transverse processes of the of the C1 flexion (unilateral superior
Inferior oblique C3-C5 and inferior obliques)
Vertical anterior vertebral bodies of anterior tubercles of with contralateral rotation
T1-T2/T3 transverse processes of C5- (unilateral inferior oblique)
anterior vertebral bodies of C6.
the C5-T3 anterior vertebral bodies of
C2-C4
LATERAL GROUP
Sternocleidomastoid Manubrium (sternal head) Mastoid process of temporal Capital extension and cervical Spinal part of CN
Medial 1/3 of clavicle bone flexion (bilateral) XI (accessory
(clavicular head) Lateral ½ of superior nuchal with ipsilateral lateral nerve)
line of occipital bone flexion, contralateral Ventral rami of C2-
rotation (unilateral) C3
Anterior scalene Transverse process of C3-C6 1st rib Cervical flexion (bilateral) Ventral rami of C4-
with ipsilateral lateral C6
flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Elevates 1st rib
Middle scalene Transverse process of C2-C7 1st rib Cervical flexion (bilateral) Ventral rami of C3-
with ipsilateral lateral C8
flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Elevates 1st rib
Posterior scalene Transverse process of C4-C6 2nd rib Cervical flexion (bilateral) Ventral rami of C6-
with ipsilateral lateral C8
 flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Elevates 2nd rib
POSTERIOR GROUP
Trapezius
Levator scapula
Splenius capitis Lower part of ligamentum Superior nuchal line of Capital and cervical extension Dorsal rami of C2-
nuchae occipital bone (bilateral) C3
Spinous process of C7-T4 Mastoid process of temporal with ipsilateral lateral
bone flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Splenius cervicis Lower part of ligamentum Transverse process of C1-C4 Cervical extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of C4-
nuchae with ipsilateral lateral C8
Spinous process of T3-T6 flexion and rotation
(unilateral)
Suboccipitals Capital extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of C1
Rectus capitis Spinous process of C2 Lateral part of inferior nuchal with ipsilateral lateral
posterior major Tubercle on posterior arch of line of occipital bone flexion and rotation
Rectus capitis C1 Medial part of inferior nuchal (unilateral)
posterior minor Spinous process and lamina of line of occipital bone
Obliquus capitis C2 Transverse process of C1
inferior Transverse process of C1 Between superior and inferior
Obliquus capitis nuchal line of occipital bone
superior
Erector spinae (see
below)
Transversospinalis
(see below)
Interspinalis (see
below)
Intertransversarii
(see below)
Hyoid
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPRAHYOID
Digastric Mandibular depression, Mandibular
retrusion (anterior belly) division of CN V
Elevates hyoid (both) (trigeminal
nerve)/V3
(anterior belly)
CN VII (facial
nerve)
(posterior belly)
Geniohyoid Elevates hyoid Ventral rami of C1
Mandibular depression
Stylohyoid Elevates hyoid CN VII (facial
nerve)
Mylohyoid Elevates floor of the mouth Mandibular
and hyoid division of CN V
Mandibular depression (trigeminal
nerve)/V3
INFRAHYOID
Thyrohyoid Depresses hyoid Ventral rami of C1
Elevates larynx
Omohyoid Depresses hyoid Ansa cervicalis
Sternohyoid Depresses hyoid Ansa cervicalis
Sternothyroid Depresses larynx Ansa cervicalis

Back – Postvertebral Muscles

MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
SUPERICIAL – ERECTOR SPINAE
Iliocostalis Extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of
 cervicis, thoracis, with ipsilateral lateral spinal nerves
lumborum flexion (unilateral)
Longissimus Extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of
capitis, cervicis, with ipsilateral lateral spinal nerves
thoracis flexion (unilateral)
Spinalis Extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of
capitis, cervicis, with ipsilateral lateral spinal nerves
thoracis flexion (unilateral)
INTERMIEDIATE – TRANSVERSOSPINALES
Semispinalis Extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of
capitis, cervicis, with contralateral rotation spinal nerves
thoracis (unilateral)
Multifidus Extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of
with contralateral rotation spinal nerves
(unilateral)
Rotatores Extension (bilateral) Dorsal rami of
capitis, cervicis, with contralateral rotation spinal nerves
thoracis (unilateral)
DEEP
Interspinalis Proprioceptive Dorsal rami of
*Extension spinal nerves
Intertransversarii Proprioceptive Dorsal rami of
*Lateral flexion spinal nerves
Abdominal Wall
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
ANTERIOR
Rectus abdominis Symphysis pubis Xiphoid process of sternum Trunk flexion Ventral rami of T7-
Pubic crest 5th-7th costal cartilages T12 (7th-11th
intercostal
nerve,
subcostal
nerve)
External oblique 5th-12th ribs Xiphoid process of sternum Trunk flexion (bilateral) Ventral rami of T7-
Linea alba with ipsilateral lateral T12 (7th-11th
Pubic crest, pubic tubercle flexion and contralateral intercostal
Anterior 1/2 of Iliac crest rotation (unilateral) nerve,
subcostal
nerve)
Iliohypogastric
nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Internal oblique Thoracolumbar fascia Xiphoid process of sternum Trunk flexion (bilateral) Ventral rami of T7-
Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest 9th-12th ribs with ipsilateral lateral T12 (7th-11th
Lateral 2/3 of inguinal 7th-9th costal cartilages flexion and rotation intercostal
ligament Linea alba (unilateral) nerve,
Symphysis pubis subcostal
Pubic crest and the pectineal nerve)
line (lower fibers to conjoint Iliohypogastric
tendon) nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Transversus 5th-10th costal cartilages Xiphoid process of sternum Abdominal compression Ventral rami of T7-
abdominis Thoracolumbar fascia Linea alba T12 (7th-11th
Anterior 2/3 of iliac crest Symphysis pubis intercostal
Lateral 1/3 of inguinal Pubic crest and the pectineal nerve,
ligament line (lower fibers to conjoint subcostal
tendon) nerve)
Iliohypogastric
nerve
Ilioinguinal nerve
Pyramidalis Anterior pubis Linea alba Tenses linea alba Ventral rami of
T12
POSTERIOR
Quadratus Iliolumbar ligament 12th rib Trunk lateral flexion Ventral rami of
lumborum Iliac crest Lateral vertebral body of T12 T12-L3
Tip of transverse process of L4 Tip of transverse process of
L1-L4
Psoas minor Vertebral bodies and Pecten pubis/pectineal line Trunk flexion Ventral rami of L1
intervertebral disc of T12-L1 Iliopubic ramus
 Iliac fascia
Psoas major
Iliacus
Thorax
MUSCLE ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NERVE SUPPLY
Diaphragm Posterior xiphoid process Central tendon Inspiration Phrenic nerve
(sternal part)
Internal surface of 7th-12th ribs
and corresponding costal
cartilages (costal part)
Vertical columns/crura and
arcuate ligaments (vertebral
part)
External intercostals Inferior border of rib above Superior border of rib below Inspiration Adjacent
(11) Intercostal
nerves
Internal intercostals Subcostal groove of the rib Superior border of rib below Expiration Adjacent
(11) above Intercostal
nerves
Innermost Internal surface of adjacent ribs, crossing more than one Assist in inspiration and Adjacent
intercostals/ intercostal space expiration Intercostal
nerves
Subcostales Internal surface at the angle of Internal surface of the rib, 1-2 Expiration Adjacent
the rib levels below Intercostal
nerves
Levatores costarum Tip of transverse process of Rib below Inspiration Dorsal rami of T1-
(12) C7-T11 T12
Serratus posterior Spinous process of C7-T2/T3 2nd-5th ribs Inspiration 2nd-5th intercostal
superior vertebrae nerves
Serratus posterior Spinous process of T11-L2/L3 9th-12th ribs Expiration Ventral rami of T9-
inferior vertebrae T12 (9th-11th
intercostal nerves,
subcostal nerve)