Muscles Table

Back Region

NAME ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION DEEP/SUPERFICIAL

TRAPEZIUS Descending: ELEVATION Nuchal ligament- Acromion & spine Cranial N. XI Superficial Extrinsic
of scapula spinous process of of scapula (Spinal Accessory
Middle: RETRACT Scapula C7-T12 nerve)
Ascending: DEPRESS -Cervical to
Scapula Thoracic
A+D= SUPERIOR
ROTATION of scapula
LATISSIMUS EXTENDS, ADDUCTS & Spinous processes Intertubercular Thoracodorsal Superficial Extrinsic
DORSI MEDIALLY ROTATES the of T6-T12 sulcus of humerus nerve (Branch of
humerus @ glenohumeral the Brachial
joint Plexus)
Raises body towards arms
during climbing
LEVATOR ELEVATES scapula Transverse Medial border of Dorsal scapular Superficial Extrinsic
SCAPULAE INFERIORLY ROTATES processes of C1-C4 scapula, superior nerve (Branch of
glenoid cavity to root of scapular the Brachial
spine Plexus)
RHOMBOID RETRACTS scapula Min- Nuchal Min- Medial end Dorsal scapular Superficial Extrinsic
MAJOR & INFERIOR ROTATION of ligament & of scapular spine nerve (Branch of
MINOR scapula spinous process Maj- Medial the Brachial
Fix scapula to thoracic wall C7 & T1 border of scapula Plexus)
Maj- Spinous
process T2-T5
SERRATUS Controls Superficial
POSTERIOR resp/proprioceptive Intermediate
SUPERIOR & movements
INFERIOR
ERECTOR EXTENDS vertebral Dorsal rami Deep (intrinsic)
SPINAE GROUP column
(Some) ROTATION
vertebral column
Control movements &
maintain posture of spine
PARASPINOUS Control movements & Dorsal rami Deep (Intrinsic)
MUSCLES maintain posture of spine
SERRATUS PROTRACT scapula Lateral margins of Anterior surface of Long thoracic
ANTERIOR* Holds scapula against ribs 1-3 medial border of nerve (C5, C6, C7)
*ALSO APART thoracic wall scapula
OF CHEST SUPERIOR ROTATION of
REGION scapula
DELTOID All 3: ABDUCT the Lateral 1/3 of Deltoid tuberosity Axillary nerve Intrinsic
humerus @ glenohumeral clavicle, acromion of humerus (Branch of the
 joint AFTER first 15 process & spine of Brachial Plexus)
All 3: Stabilize the scapula
shoulder
Anterior part: FLEXION &
MEDIAL ROTATION of the
arm
Posterior part:
EXTENSION & LATERAL
ROTATION of the arm
TERES MAJOR ADDUCT & MEDIALLY Inferior angle of Medial lip of Lower Intrinsic
ROTATE the arm the scapula intertubercular subscapular nerve
sulcus (From posterior
cord)
TERES MINOR LATERALLY ROTATES the Middle part of Greater tubercle of Axillary nerve Intrinsic
arm lateral border of humerus (terminal branch)
Stabilizes the scapula
glenohumeral joint
SUPRASPINATUS ABDUCTS the arm for the Supraspinous Greater tubercle of Suprascapular Intrinsic
FIRST 15 fossa humerus nerve (From
Stabilizes the superior trunk)
glenohumeral joint
INFRASPINATUS LATERALLY ROTATES the Infraspinous fossa Greater tubercle of Suprascapular Intrinsic
arm the humerus nerve (From
Stabilizes the superior trunk)
glenohumeral joint
SUBSCAPULARIS MEDIALLY ROTATES the Subscapular fossa Lesser tubercle of Upper & lower Intrinsic
arm the humerus subscapular
Stabilizes the nerves (From
glenohumeral joint posterior cord)

Chest Region
 MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION DEEP/SUPERFICIAL
PECTROALIS Both Heads: ADDUCT & Clavicular Head: Lateral lip of Lateral & Medial Superficial
MAJOR MEDIALLY ROTATE the Anterior surface intertubercular Pectoral nerve
humerus of medial clavicle sulcus
Clavicular Head: FLEXES Sternocostal
humerus Head: Anterior
Sternocostal Head: surface of
EXTENDS humerus from sternum &
flexed position superior 6 costal
cartilages
PECTROALIS Stabilizes scapula by Ribs 3-5 near their Coracoid process Medial Pectoral Deep
MINOR drawing it inferiorly & costal cartilages nerve
anteriorly against thoracic
wall
SUBCLAVIUS Anchors & DEPRESSES Junction of the 1st Inferior, middle Nerve to
clavicle rib & costal clavicle subclavius
cartilage
 Arm Region

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION DEEP/SUPERFICIAL

BICEPS BRACHII SUPINATES forearm Short Head: Radial tuberosity Musculocutane- Superficial
FLEXES SUPINE forearm Coracoid Process & forearm fascia ous nerve
Helps hold humeral head in Long Head: via bicipital
glenoid fossa Supraglenoid aponeurosis
tubercle
CORACOBRACH- ADDUCT humerus Coracoid process Middle 1/3 of Musculocutaneo Deep
IALIS FLEX arm medial humerus us nerve*
*Comes out of
this muscle
BRACHIALIS FLEXES forearm Distal ½ of Coronoid process Musculocutaneo
anterior surface of of ulna us nerve & some
humerus Radial nerve
TRICEPS EXTENDS forearm Long head: Olecranon Radial nerve Superficial
BRACHII Long Head: Resists inferior Infraglenoid process
dislocation of humerus tubercle
during adduction Lateral Head:
-ADDUCT & EXTEND arm Posterior surface
of humerus,
superior to radial
gtoove
Medial Head:
same as later but
inferior to radial
groove

ACONEUS Assists in forearm Lateral epicondyle Lateral surface of Radial nerve Superficial
EXTENSION of humerus olecranon process
Stabilizes elbow & superior part of
posterior ulna
 Forearm Region

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

PRONATOR TERES PRONATE forearm Humeral head: Middle portion of Median Nerve Superficial
Help FLEX forearm at Medial Epicondyle lateral radius
elbow Ulnar Head:
Coronoid process
FLEXOR CARPI FLEX hand at wrist Medial Epicondyle Base of 2nd Median Nerve Superficial
RADIALIS ABDUCTS hand metacarpal
PALMARIS Tense palmar Medial Epicondyle Palmar Median Nerve Superficial
LONGUS aponeurosis aponeurosis
FLEX hand at wrist (apex) & Flexor
retinaculum
FLEXOR CARPI FLEX hand at wrist Humeral Head: Pisiform, hook of ULNAR NERVE Superficial
ULNARIS ADDUCTS hand Medial Epicondyle hamate, 5th
Ulnar Head: metacarpal
Olecranon process
FLEXOR FLEXES proximal Humeroulnar Intermediate Median Nerve Superficial
DIGITORUM interphalangeal joints of Head: Medial phalanx &
SUPERFICIALIS digits 2-5 Epicondyle Digits 2-5
Radial Head:
Superior portion of
radius
FLEXOR FLEXES distal Proximal ulna & Bases of distal Digits 2 & 3: Deep
DIGITORUM interphalangeal joints of interosseous phalanx of digits Median Nerve
PROFUNDUS digits 2-5 membrane 2-5 Digits 4 & 5:
Ulnar Nerve
FLEXOR POLLICIS FLEXES pollex (thumb) Radius & Base of distal Media Nerve Deep
LONGUS Interosseous phalanx of digit 1
membrane (pollex)
PRONATOR PRONATE forearms Distal ulna Distal radius Median Nerve Deep
QUADRATUS Binds ulna & radius
together
EXTENSOR CARPI EXTENDS & ADDUCTS Lateral Epicondyle Base of 5th Radial Nerve
ULNARIS hand @ wrist metacarpal (Deep branch)
EXTENSOR PRIMARY EXTENSION @ Lateral Epicondyle Extensor Radial nerve
DIGITORUM MCP joint digits 2-5 expansion of
SECONDARY EXTENSION digits 2-5
@ IP joints
EXTENSOR DIGITI PRIMARY EXTENSION @ Lateral Epicondyle Extensor Radial nerve
MINIMI MCP joint digit 5 expansion of digit (deep branch)
SECONDARY EXTENSION 5
@ IP joints for digit 5
SUPINATOR SUPINATES forearm Lateral Epicondyle Proximal 1/3 of Radial Nerve
radius (Deep branch)
ABDUCTOR ABDUCTS & EXTENDS it Proximal ½ of Base of 1st Radial Nerve
POLLICIS LONGUS @ carpometacarpal joint posterior ulna, metacarpal (Posterior
radius, @ interosseous)
 interosseous
membrane
EXTENSOR EXTENDS distal phalanx Middle 1/3 of Base of distal Radial Nerve
POLLICIS LONGUS of thumb @ posterior ulna & phalanx of digit 1 (Posterior
interphalangeal joint interosseous interosseous)
EXTENDS membrane
carpometacarpal & MCP
joint
EXTENSOR EXTENDS proximal Distal 1/3 of Base of proximal Radial Nerve
POLLICIS BREVIS phalanx of thumb @ posterior radius & phalanx of digit 1 (Posterior
MCP joint interosseous interosseous)
EXTENDS membrane
carpometacarpal joint
EXTENSOR EXTENDS proximal Distal 1/3 of Extensor Radial Nerve
INDICIS phalanx of digit 2 posterior ulna & expansion of digit (Posterior
EXTENDS hand @ wrist interosseous 2 interosseous)
membrane
EXTENSOR CARPI EXTEND & ABDUCT the Supracondylar Base of 2nd Radial nerve
RADIALIS LONGUS hand at the wrist ridge of humerus metacarpal
Active during clenching
EXTENSOR CARPI EXTEND & ABDUCT the Lateral epicondyle Base of 3rd Radial nerve
RADIALIS BREVIS hand at the wrist metacarpal
BRACHIORADIALIS Helps FLEX forearm at Supracondylar Distal lateral Radial nerve Superficial
the elbow ridge of humerus radius
*Mid-pronated position
 Hand Region

MUSCLES ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

ABDUCTOR ABDUCTION of the Flexor retinaculum, Proximal phalanx Recurrent
POLLICIS BREVIS thumb tubercles of of digit 1 branch of
scaphoid & MEDIAN nerve
trapezium
FLEXOR POLLICIS FLEXES the thumb Flexor retinaculum, Base of 1st Recurrent
BREVIS tubercles of proximal phalanx branch of
scaphoid & MEDIAN nerve
trapezium
OPPONEOUS OPPOSITION toward Flexor retinaculum, 1st metacarpal Recurrent
POLLICIS digit 5 tubercles of branch of
scaphoid & MEDIAN nerve
trapezium
ADDUCTOR ADDUCTS thumb Oblique head” Base of 1st Deep Branch of
POLLICIS towards lateral palm Bases of 2nd & 3rd proximal phalanx ULNAR nerve
metacarpals,
capitate, & adjacent
carpals
Transverse head:
Anterior surface of
3rd metacarpal
ABDUCTOR DIGITI ABDUCTION of digit 5 Pisiform Base of 5th Deep branch of
MINIMI proximal phalanx ULNAR nerve
FLEXOR DIGIT FLEXES proximal Hook of hamate & Base of 5th Deep branch of
MINIMI BREVIS phalanx of digit 5 flexor retinaculum proximal phalanx ULNAR nerve
OPPONENS DIGIT OPPOSITION towards Hook of hamate & 5th metacarpal Deep branch of
MINIMI digit 1 flexor retinaculum ULNAR nerve
LUMBRICALS FLEX MCP joint Tendons of flexor Lateral sides of Lumbricals 1 &
EXTEND IP joints of digitorum extensor 2: MEDIAN
digits 2-5 profundus expansions of nerve
digits 2-5 Lumbricals 3 &
4: Deep branch
of ULNAR nerve
3 PALMAR ADDUCTION of 2nd, 4th, Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, & 5th Deep Branch of
INEROSSEI 5th digits 2nd, 4th, & 5th proximal ULNAR nerve
(PAD) FLEXION of MCP joint metacarpals phalanges &
extensor
expansions
4 DORSAL ABDUCTION of digits 2- Adjacent surfaces Digits 2-4, bases Deep Branch of
INEROSSEI 4 of metacarpals of proximal ULNAR nerve
(DAB) FLEXION @ the MCP *1st dorsal phalanges &
joint interossei has extensor
origins on 1st and expansion
2nd metacarpal
Thenar= thumb, Hypothenar= pinky
 Gluteal Region

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

GLUTEUS MAIN POWERFUL Ilium Iliotibial tract & Inferior gluteal Superficial
MAXIMUS THIGH EXTENSOR gluteal tuberosity nerve
GLUTEUS MEDIUS POWERFUL THIGH Ilium Greater Superior gluteal Deep
ABDUCTOR trochanter nerve
Stabilizes pelvis
-Pelvis tilting to non-
weight bearing
GLUTEUS MINIMI ABDUCT thigh Ilium Greater Superior gluteal Deep
Stabilize pelvis trochanter nerve
-Pelvis tilting to non-
weight bearing
TENSOR FASCIAE ABDUCTS and Anterior part of iliac Iliotibial tract Superior gluteal Superficial
LATAE MEDIALLY ROTATES crest, ASIS nerve
thigh
PIRIFORMIS LATERALLY ROTATES Sacrum Greater Nerve to Deep
extended thigh trochanter piriformis
ABDUCTS flexed thigh
SUPERIOR LATERALLY ROTATES Ischial spine Throchanteric Nerve to Deep
GEMELLUS thigh fossa obturator
Abduct thigh internus
OBTURATOR LATERALLY ROTATES Internal surface of Trochanteric fossa Nerve to Deep
INTERNUS thigh obturator obturator
Abduct thigh membrane and internus
foramen
INFERIOR LATERALLY ROTATES Ischial tuberosity Trochanteric fossa Nerve to Deep
GEMELLUS thigh quadratus
Abducts thigh femoris
QUADRATUS LATERALLY ROTATES Lateral border of Quadrate tubercle Nerve to Deep
FEMORIS thigh ischial tuberosity on quadratus
intertrochanteric femoris
crest
 Thigh Region

-Posterior Region

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

SEMITENDINOSUS EXTEND thigh @ hip Ischial tuberosity Tibia Tibial division of Superficial
FLEX leg @ knee sciatic n
SEMIMEMBRANOSU EXTEND thigh @ hip Ischial tuberosity Tibia Tibial division of Superficial
S FLEX leg @ knee sciatic n
BICEPS FEMORIS EXTEND thigh @ hip Long head: Ischial Head of fibula Long Head: Tibial Superficial
FLEX knee @ knee tuberosity division of sciatic n
Short head:
Common fibular
division of sciatic n

-Anterior Region

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

SARTORIUS FLEX, ABDUCT, ASIS Tibia Femoral n Superficial
LATERALLY ROTATE
thigh @ hip
FLEX leg @ knee
ILIOPSOAS MAIN FLEXOR OF NA Lesser Femoral n Superficial
THIGH @ HIP trochanter of
femur
PECTINEUS FLEX, ADDUCT thigh @ Superior pubic Pectineal line Femoral AND Superficial
hip ramus of femur Obturator n.
RECTUS FEMORIS EXTEND leg @ knee AIIS Patella via Femoral Superficial
FLEX thigh @ hip quadriceps
femoris
tendon
patellar
ligament
VASTUS MEDIALIS EXEND leg @ knee Intertrochanteric Patella via Femoral n Superficial
line & linea aspera quadriceps
of femur femoris
tendon
patellar
ligament
VASTUS LATERALIS EXTEND leg @ knee Greater Patella via Femoral n Superficial
trochanter & linea quadriceps
aspera femoris
tendon
patellar
ligament
VASTUS EXTEND leg @ knee Shaft of femur Patella via Femoral n Deep
INTERMEDIUS quadriceps
femoris
 tendon
patellar
ligament

-Medial Compartment

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

ADDUCTOR LONGUS ADDUCTS thigh @ hip Pubis inferior to Linea aspera Obturator n Superficial
pubic crest of femur
ADDUCTOR BREVIS ADDUCTS thigh @ hip Inferior ramus of Pectineal line Obturator n Deep
pubic bone & proximal
part of linea
aspera
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS ADDUCTS thigh @ hip Adductor part: Adductor part: Obturator n AND
Ischiopubic ramus Gluteal Tibial division of
Hamstring part: tuberosity, Sciatic n
Ischial tuberosity linea aspera,
medial
supracondylar
line
Hamstring
part:
Adductor
tubercle
GRACILIS ADDUCTS thigh @ hip Inferior pubic Superior part Obturator n Superficial
FLEXES leg @ knee ramus of medial tibia
OBTURATOR LATERALLY ROTATES Margins of Trochanteric Obturator n Deep
EXTERNUS thigh obturator fossa of femur
foramen &
obturator
membrane
 Leg Region

-Anterior Compartment

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR DORSIFLEX ankle joint Lateral surface of Medial Deep fibular n Superficial
INVERT foot tibia & cuneiform &
interosseous base of 1st
membrane metatarsal
EXTENSOR DORSIFLEX ankle joint Lateral condyle of Middle & Deep fibular n. Superficialish
DIGITORUM LONGUS EXTEND 2ND-5TH toes tibia; Superior distal
part of tibular & phalanges of
interosseous 2nd-5th digits
membrane
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS DORSIFLEX ankle Middle part of DISTAL Deep fibular n.
LONGUS EXTEND hallux (big toe) fibula & phalanx of
interosseous hallux
membrane
FIBULARIS TERTIUS DORSIFLEX ankle Inferior 1/3 of Base of 5th Deep fibular n
fibular & metatarsal
interosseus
membrane

-Lateral Compartment

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

FIBULARIS LONGUS EVERT foot Head & shaft of Medial Superficial fibular n Superficial
fibula cuneiform &
interosseous base of 1st
metatarsal
FIBULARIS BREVIS EVERT foot Distal lateral shaft Tuberosity of Superficial fibular n Superficial
of fibula 5th metatarsal

-Posterior Compartment

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

GASTROCNEMIUS PLANTARFLEX ankle Lateral & medial Calcaneus via Tibial n Superficial
when knee extended condyles of femur calcaneal
FLEX leg @ knee tendon
SOLEUS PLANTARFLEX ankle Proximal posterior Calcaneus via Tibial n Deep
fibular & tibia calcaneal
tendon
PLANTARIS PLANTARFLEX ankle Lateral Calcaneus via Tibial n Deep
supracondylar line calcaneal
of femur tendon
TIBIALIS POSTERIOR PLANTARFLEX ankle Posterior tibia & Navicular, Tibial n Deep
INVERT foot fibular, cuboid,
interosseous cuneiforms,
 membrane 2nd-4th
metatarsals
FLEXOR HALLUCIS FLEX hallux Distal posterior Base of distal Tibial n Deep
LONGUS Weakly PLANTARFLEX fibular, phalanx of 1st
ankle interosseous digit
membrane
FLEXOR DIGITORUM PLANTARFLEX ankle Posterior tibia Bases of distal Tibial n Deep
LONGUS FLEX 2nd-5th digits phalanges of
2nd-5th digits
POPLITEUS UNLOCK KNEE JOINT Lateral condyle of Proximal Tibial n.
-Rotate femur 5 femur posterior tibia
degrees laterally on
fixed tibia or vice versa
 Foot Region

MUSCLE ACTION ORIGIN INSERTION INNERVATION SUPERFICIAL/DEEP

EXTENSOR EXTEND 2nd-4th digits Calcaneus Proximal Deep fibular n.
DIGITORUM BREVIS phalanges of
2nd-4th digits
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS EXTEND hallux Calcaneus Proximal Deep fibular n.
BREVIS phalanx of 1st
digit
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS ABDUCT, FLEX 1st digit Calcaneus Medial side of Medial plantar n Deepest
proximal
phalanx of
hallux
FLEXOR DIGITORUM FLEXES 2nd-5th digits Calcaneus Middle Medial plantar n. Deepest
BREVIS phalanges of
2nd-5th digits
ABDUCTOR DIGITI ABDUCT, FLEXES 5th Calcaneus Lateral side of Lateral plantar n. Deepest
MINIMI digit proximal
phalanx of 5th
digit
QUADRATUS FLEXES 2nd-5th digits Calcaneus Tendon of Lateral plantar n. Deeper
PLANTAE flexor
digitorum
longus
LUMBRICALS FLEX proximal Tendons of flexor Medial aspect 1st= Medial plantar Deeper
phalanges, extend digitorum longus of extensor n.
nd th
middle & distal expansion 2 -4 = Lateral
phalanges of 2nd-5th lateral of plantar n.
digits lateral 4 toes
FLEXOR HALLUCIS FLEXES hallux Cuboid & Lateral Base of Medial plantar n. Deepish
BREVIS cuneiform proximal
phalanx of 1st
digit
ADDUCTOR ADDUCTS 1st digit NA Base of Lateral plantar n Deepish
HALLUCIS proximal
phalanx of 1st
digit on lateral
side
FLEXOR DIGIT FLEXES little toe Base of 5th Base of Lateral plantar n. Deepish
MINIMI metatarsal proximal
phalanx of 5th
digit
PLANTAR INTEROSSEI ADDUCT 3rd-5th digits Bases & medial Medial sides Lateral plantar n Superficial
Flex sides of 3rd-5th of bases of
metatarsophalangeal metatarsals phalanges 3rd-
joints 5th
DORSAL INEROSSEI ABDUCT 2nd-4th digits Adjacent sides of NA Lateral plantar n Superficial
Flex MTP joints 1st-5th metatarsals