Past paper

Block F module

Endo and Repro Module

1:The synthesis of cyclic AMP is activated by

a.binding of hormone with the target cell

B.binding of hormone with cell nucleus

c.binding of hormone with phosphodiesterase

D.binding of hormone with protein kinase C

Answer:A

Gyton#934

2: The function of adenylyl cyclase is to

a.breakdown a protein hormone when it binds to it's receptor

B.Turn on G protein

C.cause the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP

d.Activate protein kinase A..

Answer:C

Gyton#934

3:In the mechanism of action of steroid hormones the hormone receptor complex binds to

a. Hormone response element in DNA

b.Hormone response element in mRNA

c.Hormone response element protein

d.Ribosome to stimulate translation

e.the cell membrane thereby increasing permeability

Gyton#935

4: Cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger for

a.Atrial natriuretic factor

B.Epinephrine

C Nor epinephrine

d.nerve growth factor

e.Testosterone

Answer:B

Page#933(catecholamines beta receptors)

5: The mode of action of steroid hormone involves:

a.inhibition of protein synthesis

b.modification of enzyme activity

c.second messenger system

d.stimulation of DNA replication

e.stimulation of mRNA transcription

Answer:E

Gyton# 935

6: The mechanism that contribute to the clearance in plasma Ca+2 concentration

a.the action of vitamin D on intestine

b.the action of PTH on intestine

c.the action of PTH on kindney

E .the action of vitamin D on the bone

Answer:D

Gyton# 1013

7: Adrenaline and nor adrenaline act as

a.neurotransmitters

B.energy storing substance

C.energy producing agent

d.food storing material

E.fat metabolizing agent

Answer:A

Gyton#927 effects as sympathetic stimulation

8:A known diabetic is brought to emergency room in a semiconscious state.According to the relatives the
patient has skipped breakfast and lunch.what is the immediate action of doctor on duty

a.check his blood sugar

b.check BP

c.Do full blood count

D.Administrate I/V hypertonic

E.administrate I/V insulin

Answer:A

9: Following is the characteristic of low insulin level

a.Increased glycogen synthesis

b.decrease gluconeogenesis from lactate

c decrease glycogenolysis
D.increased formation of 3 hydroxybutyrate

e.Decrease action of hormone sensitive lipase

Answer: D

Reason increased ketone bodies synthesis

Gyton#987

10:The hormone essentially required for the implantation of fertilized ovum and maintenance is of

pregnancy

a.progestrone

B.estrogen

C prolactin

D.cortisol

E.inhibin

Answer: A

Gyton,#1061

11. A 6 month old boy with undescendent testis was given a harmonal treatment to correct the problem.
Which of the following harmone was most likely administered to him??

A.FSH

B.HCG

C.progesterone

D. LH

E.Estrogen

Answer : HCG

Guyton # 1033 HCG causes the testes to secrete testosterone.

12.In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism , which of the following labortary test will be useful?
A.Estimation of T3

B.Estimation of T4

C.Detection of auto-ntibodies

D.Estimation of Iodine

E.Estimation of TBG

Answer: C

13. An adult 25 yr old came to old with hypertension , edema , moon face and hyperglycemia and muscle
wasting . He has raised level of cortisol . The most probable diagnosis is ?

A. Addison's disease

B .Tumor of pituitary

C.Tumor of adrenal cortex.

D. One of bromo u to ma

E. Cushing Syndrome.

Answer: E

14.Thyroxine formation requires which trace element?

A.Flouride

B.Iodine

C.Calcium

D.phosphorus

E.zinc.

Answer:B

15.which of the following harmones are responsible for fight or flight response??

A.Insulin & glucagon

B.Estrogen & progesterone

D.Thyroxine & Melatonine

E.GH & cortisol

Answer:C

16.GH causes hyperglycemia in result of ?

A. Decrease peripheral utilization of glucose

B. Decrease glucose production by liver via gluconeogenesis .

C .Decrease lipolysis

D.Increase lipolysis.

E. Increase glycolysis

Answer:A

17.Impairment in synthesis of dopamine is causative agent for the disorder?

A. Cushing Syndrome

B.Parkinson disease

C. Addison disease

D. Goiter

E. Graves

Answer:B

18.Harmone that have intracellular receptor??

A. Glucagon

B.ACTH

C.TSH
D.Glucocorticoids

E.Vasdopressin

Answer:D

19.Insulin increases;

A.Gluconeogenesis

B.Glycogenesis

C.proteolysis

D.lipolysis

E.ketogenesis

Answer:B

20.Hepatic glycogenolysis is caused by?

A.ACTH

B.Cortisol

C.Glucagon

D.GH

E.Epiniphrine

Answer:C

21.A 70 year old man came with complain of frequency of urine especially at night. He has difficulty in
starting to urinate and often has dribbling at the end of micturation. His urologist suspects benign
hyperplasia and put him on a-5 reductase inhibitors. This would decrease the following

a. Conversion of cAMP to adenosine

b. Conversion of testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone

c. Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin ii

d. Prostaglandin synthesis
e. Release of ca from endoplasmic reticulum

Answer B 5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate gland.

22. The low incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease in women during reproductive age is due
to which of the following hormone

A. Androgen

B. Estrogen

C. Follicle stimulating hormone

D. Progesterone

E. Prolactin

Answer: B

23. Sara 24 years old girl presented to emergency with history of repeated abortions during first
trimester.The replacement therapy for maintenance of Pregnancy require the following hormones

A.Cortisol

B. Estrogen

C. Follicle stimulating hormone

D. Progesterone

E. Prolactin

Answer: D

24. Sofia 23 years newly married girl, missed her periods. She advised her pregnancy test. Which of the
following hormone is detected in this test

A. Chorionic Gonadotropin

B. Estrogen

C. Oxytocin

D. Progesterone
E. Inhibin

Answer: A

25. Ayesha 24 years old woman presented with pain and swelling of right leg. On examination, skin of the leg
is of red color and temperature of that leg is raised as compare to other leg. She is diagnosed as a coase of
deep vein thrombosis. She is taking oral contraceptive pills since the last sicx months. Which of the following
hormone is responsible for this condition

A.Cortisol

B. Estrogen

C. Follicle stimulating hormone

D. Progesterone

E. Prolactin

Answer: B

26. A 65 year old man came to ER , complaining of beningn prostatic hypertrophy, causing constriction of
urethra , thus causing obstruction to flow of urine. Inhibition to which of the following hormone reduces the
prostate hypertrophy

A. 5-a-Reductase

B.Amylase

C. Aromatase

D. Desmolase

E. 17, hydroxylase

Answer: A

27. An undergraduate student conducted a study to know the average height of the classmates. She collected
the data of her classmates. How would she summarize and present the data

A.Bar chart

B. Histogram

C. Line diagram
D. Pie chart

E. Scatter diagram

Answer: A

28. Saira wanted to understand the reasons of medical school preference, She developed the tool with
following question “Why did you choose to take your graduate study at the college?” this is example of
which type of question? ( paper is too blur)

A. Close ended question

B. Checklist question

C. Dichotomous

D. Multiple choice question

E. Open ended question

Answer: A

29. When you are writing a piece of work and use someone else’s words or ideas you must reference them.
Why is it important to cite and reference other people’s work correctly

A. Avoid plagiarism ( ig yahi word likha h)

B. Depth of information increases

C. Helps to get better marks

D. University requirement

E. Support conclusion

Answer: A

30. Which of the following is most appropriate screening test for the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome in
pregnancy?

A. 24 hour urinary free cortisol

B. CT adrenals

C. Insuin tolerance test

E. Salivary cortisol test

Answer: B

31. Primary insufficiency of adrenal cortex is called

A) Conn's disease

B) Addison's disease

C) Cushing's disease

D) Bartter's disease

E) Cushing's syndrome

Answer: B

32. An acute exacerbation of Addison's disease is called

A) Sepsis

B) Addisonian crisis

C) Disseminated intravascular coagulation

D) Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

E) Immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Answer: B

33. In type 2 DM, patient may be asymptomatic euglycemic over many months or years. Hyperglycemia
occurs when the % destruction of beta cells is around

A) 80-90

B) 50-70

C) 40-50

D) 30-40

E) 10-20
Answer: C Google says around 50%

34. A 30 year old man presented with palpitation, increased appetite and diarrhoea. Lab results confirmed
the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and treatment with tab propranolol was started. The mechanism of action
of this drug is

A) Inhibit GIT absorption of iodine

B) Inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

C) Inhibit iodine uptake by thyroid gland

D) Destroying DNA of thyroid cells

E) Inhibit iodination of tyrosine

Answer: B

35. A 25 years old female presented with weight loss, irregular menstrual cycle and tremors. She was given
Lugol's iodine after diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. The mechanism of action is

A) Inhibit GIT absorption of iodine

B) Inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3

C) Inhibit iodine uptake by thyroid gland

D) Destroying DNA of thyroid cells

E) Inhibit iodination of tyrosine

Answer: C

Luhols iodine is KI solution administered before few weeks of thyroidectomy. High extracellular Iodine causes
inhibition of iodide pump (Wolf chaikof effect)

36. Endemic goiter is a state of

A) Increased thyroid function

B) Decreased thyroid function

C) Moderate thyroid function

D) Normal thyroid function

Answer: B

37. A woman of 30 years of age comes to you complaining of milky vaginal discharge with a fishy odor, there
is no history of itching. The most likely diagnosis is

A) Bacterial vaginosis

B) Trichomoniasis

C) Candidiasis

D) Malignancy

E) Urinary Tract Infection

Answer: A

38.A young lady of 22 years age came to you in OPD for antenatal checkup. On examination she is having 16
weeks pregnancy. You want to advise her some investigation on her first ante natal visit in the first trimester.
Which one of the following investigations should not be advised in the first trimester

A) Blood group

B) Rh factor

C) Abdominal X-Ray

D) Urine R/E

E) Ultrasound examination

Answer: C

39. Injecting soap solution into the uterus during criminal abortion is likely to result in

A) Perforation of uterus

B) Hemorrhage

C) Air embolism

D) Fat embolism
E) Thromboembolism

Answer: E

Googled

40. The calcitonin hormone is secreted by the

A) Pancreas

B) Adrenal Cortex

C) Adrenal Medulla

D) Thyroid gland

E) Pituitary gland

Answer: D

41.The pelvic outlet is bounded posteriorly by

a)ischial tuberosity

b)pubic arch

c)symphysis pubis

d)coccyx

e)sciatic notches

Answer: D

42.The gynecoid uterus is found in

a)85%womenu

b)95%women

c)41% women

d)71% women

e)81% women
Answer: C

43.The length of vas deferens is

a)75cm

b)85cm

c)90cm

d)45cm

e)65cm

Answer: D

44.The ejaculatory duct opens into

a)epididymis

b)penile urethra

c)ureter

d)prostatic urethra

e)urinary bladder

Answer: D

45.Blood supply of prostate is from vessels of urinary bladder and

a)testis

b)ovaries

c)rectum

d)kidney

e)colon

Answer: C hint=inferior vesicle and middle rectal supply the prostate gland.
46.The length of prostatic urethra is

a)1cm

b)3cm

c)5cm

d)6cm

e)7cm

Answer: B

47.The round ligament of ovary connects the ovary with

a)vagina

b)urinary bladder

c)uterus

d)rectum

e)anal canal

Answer: C

48.The lymphatics of ovary drain into

a)superficial inguinal nodes

b)deep inguinal nodes

c)celiac nodes

d)para-aortic lymph nodes

e)mediastinal nodes

Answer: D

49.The lymph vessels of testis drain into

a)superficial inguinal nodes

c)para-aortic lymph nodes

d)mediastinal nodes

e)celiac nodes

Answer: C. hint:(lymph vessels follow the veins and veins follow the arteries)

50.During vasectomy which of the following is ligated

a)ductus deferens

b)ejaculatory duct

c)epididymis

d)urethra

e)efferent ductules

Answer: A

51. Regarding ovary, it is

4cm

6 cm

8 cm

10 cm

12cm

Answer: A

52.the ovarian arteries arises from the aorta at the level

A.L3

B.L4

C.L5
D.L1

S1

Answer: D.

53. The most immature ( not clearly seen, but it’s what I guess) cell of the germinal epithelium of the
seminiferous tubules are the

Sertoli cell

Spermatogonia

Spermatocyte

Spermatids

Spermatozoa

Answer: B

54.the epithelium of vagina is

Simple columnar

Simple cuboidal

Simple squamous

Stratified squamous

Stratified columnar

Answer: D ( stratified squamous non keratinized) “

55.the epithelium of Fallopian tube is mainly:

Simple columnar

Simple cuboidal

Simple squamous

Stratified columnar

Stratified squamous
Answer: A

56. Leydig cells are present in which of the following structure:

Prostate

Bas deferens

Spermatic cord

Ovary

Testes

Answer: E

57.the term cryptorchirdism is a medical condition related to

Ovaries

Testes

Uterus

Prostate

Fallopian tube

Answer: B

58.the Sertoli cells are present in

Uterus

Prostate

Testis

Ovaries

Fallopian tube

Answer: C
59. Growth hormone is secreted by

Thyroid gland

Pituitary gland

Pancreas

Liver

Adrenal gland

Answer: B

60. Oxytocin are produced by

Ant pituitary gland

Post pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Ovary

Uterus

Answer: B

Produced by hypothalamus and secreated by post pituitary

61..zona glomerulosa is part of the

a kidney

b ovary

C adrenal gland

D testis

E thyroid gland

Answer: C

62...which of the following structure is related to secretion of insulin

B adrenal gland

C pituitary gland

D thyroid gland

E pancreas

Answer: E

63...a gelatinous substance called colloid is secreted in which of the following gland?

a pituitary gland

B adrenal gland

C ovary

D testes

E thyroid gland

Answer: E

64...adrenal gland is close to

a pancreas

B liver

C kidney

D ureter

E urinary bladder

Answer: C

65...foramen cecum is important in the development of which of following gland?

a ovary

b testes
C thyroid gland

d pituitary gland

e adrenal gland

Answer: C

66...medullary cords are related to development of

a ovary

B testes

C vas deferns

d uterus

e fallopian tube

Answer: B

67...cortical cords are related to the development of which of the following structure

a ovary

b testes

C vas deferens

d uterus

E fallopian tube

Answer: A

68..mesonephric duct forms the

a fallopian tube

b uterus

C ovary

d urethra
E vas deferns

Answer: E

69...the genital swelling helps in the development of

a scrotum

b testes.

c urethra

D uterus

E vagina

Answer: A

70...hypospadiasis is congenital defect of

a uterus

b urethra

c kidney

d ureter

e fallopian tube

Answer: B

71. Paramesonephric duct helps in the development of

A.kidney

B.nephron

C.ureter

D.uterus

E.urethra

Answer: D
72. Which of tye following structure ia derived from the mesonephric duct?

A.vagina

B.cervix

C.uterus

D.fallopian tube

E.gartner's cyst

Answer: E

73. There are two types of cells involved in bone remodelling (osteoblast and osteoclast),the osteoclast are
stimulated for bone resoprtion by the following signalling molecule

A.adenylyl cyclase

B.cyclic adenosine

C.osteoprotegrin

D.RANK ligand

E.tyrosine kinase

Answer: D

74.Mrs K had 6 children in the last 7 years and recently had another baby.She is breastfeeding the baby as
well.Her diet is deficient in dairy products ,green leafy vegetables,beans and is not taking any supplements as
well.The most likely finding in her will be

A. Decreased parathyroid hormone

B.increased calcium levels

C.increased 1 ,25 cholecalciferol

D.increased parathyroid hormone

E.high calcitonin levels

Answer: D
75.Lack of ossification of epiphyseal plates and weak osteopenic bones are characteristics of

A. Adult rickets

B.osteopenia

C.osteoporosis

D.osteopetrosis

E.rickets

Answer: E

Lack of ossification indicates that pt is a Child.

76.A young girl presented in outpatient with short stature and bowed legs.she had bone tenderness.Her leg x
ray decreased bone density .her lab findings show low calcium and high parathyroid hormone levels .

The most likely diagnosis is

A.osteomalacia

B.osteoporosis

C.rickets

D.tetany

E.steatorrhea

Answer: C

77.A yound female presented in outpatient with carpopedal spasm.her lab findings show normal HB ,normal
white cell count and low calcium .The con dition is

A.hypopituitarism

B.hypogonadism

C.hypoparathyroidism

D.hypothyroidism
E.hypoaldosteronism

Answer: C

78.A 40 year old man is presented with enlarged hands and feet ,protuding jaw and enlarged forehead and
nose.

He turns out to ve type 2 diabetic as well .the diagnosis is

A.acromegaly

B.cushings syndrome

C.grave's disease

D.gigantism

E.hashimoto's thyroiditis

Answer: A

79.A hormone released from.GIT also stimulating growth hormone is

A.cholecystokinin

B.gastrin

C.GIP

D.ghrelin

E.secretin

Answer: D

80. A young 13 year old patient is seen by you in emergency. He is hyperventilating ,dehydrated and
drowsy.He has abdominal pain as well.his urine R/E shows glucosuria and ketone bodies.pathigenesis of this
condition is secondary to

A.glucagon deficiency

B .insulin deficiency

C.insulin resistance
D.loss of both alpha and beta cells

E.renal tubular disease

Answer: B

81...A young girl after a suicide attempt with injecting her father's insulin was admitted to the hospital.Her
blood chemistry will be

A)decrease insulin,decrease C-peptide

B)decrease insulin,increase C-peptide

C)increase insulin,increase C-peptide

D)increase insulin,decrease C-peptide

E)increase insulin,normal C-peptide

Answer: E

Exogenous insulin doesn’t contain C-peptide.

82)A 30 year old male,presented to casualty, having deep rapid breathing,drowsy and running fever was
labeled as in diabetic ketoacidosis,what will you expect regarding lab findings:

A)decrease sugar,decrease ketone bodies

B)increase blood sugar, No evidence of ketone bodies

C)increase blood sugar,increase ketone bodies

D)normal blood sugar, decrease ketone bodies

E)normal blood sugar, increase ketone bodies

Answer: C

83)During synthesis of thyroid Hormone the first step is Iodine trapping,regarding iodine pump the iodine are
Co-trnasported with 2 molecules of:

A)HCO3-

B)Ca+2
C)Cl-

D)K+

E)Na+

Answer: E

84)The physiological response that is greater for T3 than for T4 is:

A)Affinity for normal nuclear receptors in target tissues

B)latent period for onset of action in target tissues

C)plasma concentration

D)plasma half life

E)secretion rate from thyroid

Answer: A

Hint (half life of T4: 6 days.Half life of T3:1 day...

Secretion of T4:93%

secretion of T3:7%)

85)A woman with heat intolerance and tremors presents to OPD,she is diagnosed as grave's disease.one of
the following fining is inconsistent with the diagnosis of grave's disease;

A)exopthalmia

B)increase H.R

C)Increase plsm level of T3

D)increase plasma levels of T4

E)Increase plasma levels of TSH

Answer: E

Hint (Grave's disease I'd caused by Thyroid stimulating antibodies having function like TSH)
86)A 45 year old school teacher complaint of nervousness,weakness and palpitation with exercise for the
past 6 months.Recently she noticed excessive sweating and heat intolerance.She had maintained a normal
weight of 120 pounds but was eating twice as much.menstrual period is regular but bleeding was
less.Cosidering the likely diagnosis,her test show;

A)decrease T3

B)decrease T4

C)decreaseTSH

D)increase TSH

E)increase TRH

Answer: B

It may be primary or secondary hyperthyroidism. Diagnosis can’tbe established

87)Mr.Aziz has tuberculosis and there is selective destruction of zonal glomerulosa in adrenal cortex by this
infection.His lab findings shows low levels of

A)Aldosterone

B)androstenedione

C)cortisol

D)deoxycortisol

E)estradiol

Answer: A

Hint (zonal glomerulosa:Mineralocoticoids)

88)Mr.humayun,45 years of age was admitted to hospital with high grade fever.he was given injection of
penicillin after which he collapsed.He was diagnosed to be in anaphylactic shock.Tgr hormone that would
have helped him in recovery is;

A)Cortisol

B)Dopamine

C)estradiol

D)glucagon
E)progesterone

Answer: A

89)Glucocoticoids are essential for response to stress.The mechanism by which they increase
Gluconeogenesis by increaseing:

A)glucose utilisation of adipose tissue

B)histamine and serotonin

C)interleukin

D)lipogenesis of adipose tissue

E)muscle protein catabolism

Answer: E

90)the lab finding of miss.Shah showed hyperkalemia.Hyperkalemia will result in increased secretion of;

A)Aldosterone

B)Angiotensin

C)corticosteroid

D)renin

E)vasopressin

Answer: A . Hint (aldosterone causes secretion of K+ and absorption of Na+ in tubular lumen )

91. A teenage girl presented in outpatient with excessive facial hair moon face. Her bp was high lab indices
show high cortisol and androgen level and hyperglycemia. Her ACTH level was low .most likely cause is

A.Adrenocortitropic deficiency

B Aldosterone secretory tumor

C diabettis mellitus

D.Glucocorticoid therapy

Answer: D
92.Excess deposition of fat in head and chest region of the body giving a rounded moon face and buffalo like
torso in consistent with high level of

A.Aldosterone

B.Cortisol

C calcotonin

D Glucagon

Answer: B

93.ADH is responsible for reduction of urine formation by action on

A.loop of henel

B.Glomerulus

C afferent aeterioles

d.collecting duct

Answer: D

94.Oxytocin secretions increase by

A. Food intake

b.excercise

C .suckling

d. Adrenaline

Answer: C

95. A physician is examined a patient sign and symptoms of hyper thyroidism .which of following would
decrease in hyperthyroidism

A.body weight

b.food intake
c.bmr

d.heart rate

Answer: A

96.A person came to to medical old with complaint of sudden episode of sweating on forehead and
palpitation. His blood glucose level fall dangerously low during episodes .which of following organ most imp
in maintaining glucose

A. Brain

b.lungs

c liver

D spleen

Answer: C

97.in African pygmies and levi lorrain dwarf the reason of short stature is not GH but lack of sommatomedin
C .What make sommatomedin so important for growth

A.Their half life longer than GH

B.they are synthesised in liver

C They promote protein synthesis

D they promote fat synthesis

Answer: A

98. A THIN lean girl at age 15 comes to endocrine clinic with dizzy spells, increase darkening of skin and git
symptoms . On examine bp 80/60 mmhg. She is diagnosed with Addison disease. Which hormone expected
to be raised in serum

A.Acth

b.aldosterone

C.cortisol

D.insulin
Answer: A

99.A 12 Yr old girl is brought to the hospital by his mother with sign and symptoms of polyurea,
polyphonic,and weight loss. His blood sugar is 600mg/dl (type 1 diabetes due to lack of insulin). The affect of
insulin on carbon metabolism

A.increase gluconeogenesis

B. Increase glycogenolysis

C Increase glycolysis

D promote utilisation of FA instead of glucose

Answer: C

100.Which of the following symptoms are not due to hypothyroidism?

A.decreased bmr

b.decreased hair growth

c.constipation

d.lack of sleep

Answer: D

101. A 40 years old man presented to the medical OPD with uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus. Which of the
following is not a complication of prolonged hyperglycemia?

A. Damage to blood vessels

B. Damage to kidneys

C. Damage to lungs

D. Damage to nerves

E. Damage to retina

Answer C
102. Anterior pituitary secretes all of the following except:

A. FSH

B. TSH

C. Growth hormone

D. Prolactin

E. Oxytocin

Answer E

104. Growth hormone secretion is increased by all of the following except:

A. Cortisol

B. Hypoglycemia

C. Exercise

D. Protein meal

E. B and D

Answer D

103. Hormone regulated by positive feedback in some physiological condition includes:

A. Aldosterone

B. Antidiuretic hormone

C. Growth hormone

D. Oxytocin

E. Thyroid hormone

Answer D

105. An increase in plasma PTH will lead to an increase in:

A. Collagen synthesis
B. Plasma inorganic phosphate concentration

C. Renal reabsorption of calcium

D. Renal synthesis of calcitriol

E. The number if active osteoblasts

Answer C

107. Ovulation occurs in each monthly cycle in females. The mechanism involved in ovulation is:

A. Estrogen release

B. FSH surge

C. GnRH inhibition

D. LH surge

E. Progesterone release

Answer D

106. The secretion of ACTH:

A. Is decreased during period of stress

B. Is inhibited by aldosterone

C. Is stimulated by glucocorticoids

D. Is stimulated by epinephrine

E. Shows circadian rhythm

Answer B

108. The most constant if all phases of female sexual cycle is:

A. Follicular phase

B. Luteal phase

C. Ovulation
D. Menstrual phase

E. Proliferative phase

Answer B

109. Each primary spermatocyte form four spermatids. The spermatids mature into sperms in the:

A. Epididymis

B. Germinal epithelial lining

C. Leydig cells

D. Seminiferous tubules fluid

E. Sertoli cells

Answer D

110. When a full term baby is born, for alveoli to expand the first breathe should exert a pressure of:

A. About 70 mm Hg negative inspiratory pressure

B. About 60 mm Hg positive inspiratory pressure

C. About 60 mm Hg negative expiratory pressure

D. More than 25 mm Hg negative inspiratory pressure

Answer D

111. A 48 years old female, reports with decreases libido, hot flushes, irregular menstural cycle. Initial stage
of menopause is suspected. Laboratory results shows increased LH and FSH, in her blood you will see.

a) decreased estrogen

b) decreased GnRH

c) increased endrogens

d) increase estrogen

e) increased inhibin.

Answer: A ;estrogen and progesterone decrease around the menopause.

a) decreased FSH, LH and increased estrogen

b) decrease FSH, LH no change, decreased estrogen

c) increased hcg, and increased estrogen and progesterone.

d) increased FSH, increased LH, increased GnRH.

Answer: D. ; deficient estrogen and progesterone stimulates the release of GnRH which in turn increase FSH
and LH.

113. The isthmus of fallopian tube is spastically contracted for about the first 3 days after ovulation ,the
substance released by corpus luteum leading to relaxation of isthmus ,allowing entry of ovum into the uterus
is?

a) estrogen

b) hcg

c) oxytocin

d) progesterone

e) relaxin.

Answer: D. ; progesterone acts on fallopian tube and is majorly responsible for uterine implantation of
fertilized ovum. Page 1056

114. A 21 years old young college student, who is newly married, missed her periods.she is advised by a
friend to try the home pregnancy test for the diagnosis .The pregnancy test relies on the presense of which
hormone in urine?

a) estrogen

b) hcg

c) progesterone

d) oxytocin

e) prolactin

Answer: B
115. During pregnancy milk production is inhibited by?

a) prolactin

b) aldosterone

c) estrogen

d) cortisol

e) throxin

Answer: C ; estrogen and progesterone inhibit milk production.

116. First stage of parturition is characterized by

a) closed cervix

b) dilated cervix

c)delivery of fetus

d) delivery of placenta

e) involution of uterus

Answer: B

117. Spermatozoal capacitation occur in which part of human reproductive system.

a) seminal vesicle

b) epididymis

c) vas deference

d) Fallopian tube

e) uterus

Answer: D

118. Which of the following effects is cause by increased Estrogen level in females
A) osteoporosis

b) dehydration

c) positive nitrogen balance

d) Fallopian glands atropy

e) ischemic heart diseases

Answer: C due to protein anabolic nature of estrogen.

119. Relaxin is a placental polypeptid that has a weak relaxation effect on pelvic ligaments in pregnant
women, another source of this hormone is?

a) anterior pituitary

b) corpus lutem

c) hypothalamus

d) myoepithelial cells

Answer: B

120. The fetal alveoli are in collapsed position before birth and require being open just after birth to start
normal breathing, how much pressure(mmhg) is required to pull the open.

a) -5 to -10

b) -10 to -15

c) -15 to -20

d) more than -25

Answer: D; refer to neonatal physiology

Credits:

Tazmeen Malik, Diva Roshan, Sania Munir, Alishba Amjid, Nida gul, Gulmala Fida, Fatima Hussain,
Laiba Ali khan, Farwa Aftab, Arshman Jawad, Aisha binte Nawaz, Hifza Atta.