ART APPRECIATION
➢ Architecture, from latin, architectura, means builder or
carpenter.
Architecture, also means:
a. A general term to describe buildings and other physical
structures
b. The art and science of designing and erecting buildings and
other physical structures.
c. The style and method of design and construction of buildings
and other physical structures.
• In its strictest meaning, it is an art of designing a
building and supervising its construction.
• In its broader meaning, architecture is shelter to serve
as protection to all activities of men – recreation, work
and sleep. THREE TYPES OF ARCHITECTURAL CONSTRUCTION
1. POST-AND-LINTEL- it consists of two vertical posts for
MEDIA IN ARCHITECTURE:
support (post) and a horizontal one (lintel). Parthenon in
a. Materials of Nature (direct product of nature Athens, Greece and Stonehenge is an example.
- Stone
1. Lime stones 2. ARCH- is an architectural form built from pieces of wood
called “voussoirs” with joints between them and are
2. Granite arranged in a semi-circle. It is dominant in Roman
3. Marble Architecture.
4. Sandstone
3. CANTILEVER- is any structural part projecting horizontally
- Wood
and anchored at one end only. The cantilever is used in the
construction of skyscrapers.
THE EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURE
b. Materials Manufactured by Man
- Ceramic materials 1. EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
1. Glass (4000-2280 B.C.)
- Metals • Art in Ancient Egypt continued strangely unchanged through
1. Bronze the various phases of foreign influence. The close connection
2. Wrought iron between religious rites and architecture is everywhere
3. Copper manifested, both of tombs and temples.
4. Chrome-nickel steel • Egyptian monumental architecture , which is essentially a
5. Aluminum columnar and trabeated style, is expressed mainly in pyramids
6. Monel metal and in temples. Egyptian temples approached by impressive
7. Nickel silvers avenues of sphinxes- mythical monsters, each with the body
- Concrete materials of a lion and the head of a man, hawk, ram or woman.
• Egyptian architecture is impressive by its solemnity and
- Plastics gloom, as well as by its solidity, which suggest that the
buildings were intended to last eternally.
c. Indigenous Materials
- sawali
- coco air
- bagasse – sugarcane waste used
for
insulation or cement backing 2. MESOPOTAMIAN ARCHITECTURE
- abaca 6th Century BC
- bamboo • The story of Mesopotamian Architecture begins in South
eastern Turkey, region of Mesopotamia, when the first
- palm frond stems permanent structures were built, with the erection of large
monoliths at the site of Gobekli Tepe (Potbelly Hill). It is
overwhelmingly one of clay masonry and of increasingly
complex forms of stacked mudbrick.
• Mesopotamian Architecture is evident in its palaces and
temples. The distinguishing characteristic is the Ziggurat, or
tower, built at successive levels with ramps leading from one
platform to the next. In many respects, the Ziggurat is like
the modern building with setbacks.
4. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
1000 B.C.E.-C.E. 4000
• Ziggurat- are massive structures built in the form of terraced • The Romans adopted the Columnar and trabeated style of the
step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels. Greeks and developed also the arch and vault from the
beginnings made by the Etruscans (the early inhabitants of
west-central Italy). The combined used of column, beam, and
arch is the keynote of the Roman style in the earliest stages.
• One best example of Mesopotamian Architecture is the
• The Romans developed the stone arch of the Etruscans.
Temple of Babylon built by Nebuchadnezzar, where the stones
Above all, the use of concrete allowed the Romans to build
where differently colored from bottom to top. The effect may
vaults of a magnitude never equalled toll the introduction of
have been garish, but at the base, it was striking.
steel for buildings in the 19th century. The art of buttressing
was developed in the course of early engineering works, which
frequently required the retaining of masses of the earth.
3. GREEK ARCHITECTURE
1100-100 B.C.
• Greek architecture in its most characteristic form is found in
the temple, a low building of post-and-lintel construction. In 5. BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
this type of construction, two upright posts are surmounted C.E. 200-1453
by a horizontal piece, the lintel, long enough to reach one to •
the other. A typical example of post-and-lintel construction is Byzantine take its name from Byzantium, later called
found in the ruins of the Temple of Apollo at old Corinth. Constantinople, and now called Istanbul. Byzantine
architecture is characterized by a great central dome which
had always been a traditional feature in the east. The
grouping of small domes or semi-domes round the large
Three Types of Greek Architecture central dome was effective. One of the characteristic features
of the Byzantine churches was the forms of the vaults and
domes were visible externally, undisguised by any timbered
roof; thus in the byzantine style, the exterior closely
corresponds with the interior.
6. WESTERN ARCHITECTURE IN THE MIDDLE AGES (C.E. 400-
1500)
A. Western architecture passed through three Early Christian,
Romanesque, and Gothic stages of development during
the middle ages. These are the. These three styles developed
one out of another: the Romanesque was an outgrowth of the
Early Christian, and the Gothic from the Romanesque.
B. Stages of Western Architecture
a. Early Christian (C.E 400-700)
• The early Christian Basilica has grown in part from
the Roman house where the earliest Christians met
for worship, and in part from pagan basilicas
• In the classic temples, the emphasis lay on the
exterior; in the Christian Church, on the inside. A
second form of building, known as the central type,
was designed around a central vertical axis instead
of a longitudinal one. The long, internal lines of the
basilica carried the eye of the visitor from the door 7. The 19th Century Architecture
to the altar as their ritualistic climax of the
structure. The interiors of early Christian churches
were often decorated with mosaics, as in St. • The 19th century architecture is known as a period of
Apollinare Eclecticism. Eclecticism in architecture implies freedom on
b. Romanesque Architecture (11th and 12th century) the part of the architect or client to choose among the styles
➢ Romanesque architecture is an extension and of the past that seems to him most appropriate.
development of the Early Christian Basilica • Modern eclecticism was not only purer in style; it understood
exemplified by St. Apollinare in Classe. something out of the flavor of the past as well as its forms. At
best, modern eclecticism was marked by scholarship, taste,
➢ Where the Early Christian style is structurally light, and sympathy for the forms of the past and remarkable
with a simple lightweight, flat wooden roof, the ingenuity.
Romanesque has very heavy walls with small
window openings and a heavy stone arched or
vaulted roof inside. In this respect, it resembles the
Roman style.
8. Modern Architecture
• Modern architecture is an attempt to interpret one’s purpose
through building in a style independent of fix symmetries.
New materials came to be utilized –pre-stressed steel in
tension, high-pressure concrete, glass block, wood, metal,
chromium, plastics, copper, cork, steel, gypsum lumber, real
and artificial stone, and all varieties of synthetic and
compressed materials, and the versatile plywood.
• Strength is no longer synonymous with massiveness, for more
efficient new structural materials are used in varying forms,
scientifically calculated to avoid waste. The supporting
function is created by a light, cage-like skeleton of steel and
reinforced Concrete, which is faster and easier to build.
• Characterized by simplification of form and creation of
ornament from the structure and theme of the building. It is
a term applied to an overarching movement, with its exact
definition and scope varying widely. In a broader sense, early
modern architecture began at the turn of the 20th century
with efforts to reconcile the principles underlying architectural
design with rapid technological advancement and the
modernization of society. It would take the form of numerous
movements, schools of design, and architectural styles, some
in tension with one another, and often equally defying such
classification.
Theatre, Music, And Dance
- At present, these types of films are freely combined to produce
hybrids.
- And so, there might be live-action features that incorporate
documentary elements or animation
The Different Musical Instruments
➢ Musical Instruments have always been a source of wonder
to both the player and the listener.
➢ Musical instruments are of three main types:
a. Instruments which are bowed or string instruments.
➢ Dance involves a successive group of bodily
motions and steps rhythmically performed and
timed to music.
➢ Dance is said to be the oldest of the arts.
➢ Dancing is both an art and a form of recreation. As
an art, a dance may tell a story, set a mood, or
express an emotion. As a form of recreation,
dancing has long provided fun, relaxation, and
companionship.
In the general context of dancing, a diversity of movements were
developed as products of man’s creative minds and passionate feelings. But
inspite of its diversity and multifarious examples, dance is divided into two
forms:
FORM - refers to the variations and styles of movements,
and
SUBSTANCE - deals with the idea/concept/story of what a
distinct dance is all about
