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Waste Management

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Osama Rahil Shaltami

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 LECTURE FOR
UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

INTEGRATED WASTE
MANAGEMENT
REDUCE, REUSE AND RECYCLE

Dr. Osama Shaltami

Department of Earth Sciences
Faculty of Science, Benghazi
University, Libya
Integrated Solid Waste Management:
•A set of plans to manage solid waste
•Adopted by many governments
•A means of achieving sustainability
Why Manage Waste?
 Conserves resources & energy
 Reduces water & air pollution
 Saves landfill space
 Waste = Food
In nature there is no waste
Cradle to cradle design
Product components are recyclable or
biodegradable
Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) or
Product Stewardship
Total US MSW Generation
2008 (by material) EPA
Source Reduction
Source Reduction or “Reduce”
• Preferred method: Prevents the
generation of waste in the first place
• Manufacturer: Decrease materials/energy
used during manufacturing/distribution
• Consumer: Purchase items with minimal
packaging, avoid disposable products
• Includes backyard
composting
Reuse
 Reuse

• Prolonging a product’s usable life

• Repairing items, selling them or donating
them to charity
• Using durable rather than disposable items
(i.e. reusable shopping bags, metal spoons)
• Preferable to recycling because item does
not need to be collected/reprocessed
Metal vs. Plastic Spoon
 Cost to Purchase:
50 cents for metal vs. one cent for plastic
 Cost to Produce & Maintain:
Resources (metal, petroleum, water, chemicals, etc.)
Energy used (in extraction, manufacturing,
transportation)
 External Costs:
Pollution (during extraction, manufacturing,
transportation)
Disposal (landfill, incineration, litter clean-up)
 Savings from repetitive use of metal spoon:
Priceless!
Recycle
 Recycle
• Taking a product at the end of
its useful life and using all or part
of it to make another product
• Benefits: Saves energy, natural resources,
and landfill space, reduces pollution,
creates jobs and useful products
• Requires collection, processing, remanufac-
turing and purchase (Close the Loop!)
• EPA estimates 75% of our waste is recyclable
Waste Disposal
Last in the Hierarchy
 Waste Disposal
Resource Recovery
 Resource Recovery (AKA Waste-to-Energy):
Waste is burned to produce energy
 Preferred to landfilling – reduces bulk of
municipal waste to ash and provides energy
 Downsides:
 Some items may be difficult to burn or
cause potentially harmful emissions
 Strict regulatory restrictions and high
environmental and economic costs
Waste Disposal
Incineration & Landfilling
 Strict regulatory restrictions and high
environmental and economic costs
 Items barely decompose in a modern landfill
 Landfills face capacity restrictions
 NIMBY syndrome
 Resource depletion, pollution and landfills are not
the legacy we want to leave to future generations
 Recycling/reuse saves precious resources & energy
 Best solution is to reduce waste in the first place
 Thanks
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