Atoyns Py. a of-ae.04. 2020 Daston’a atomte model Accondting- te Unis, model , event element 1h made UP oF Awy, ndivisibhe partiche 8 called AXoms - Akoma of gore element ane ihevnical, bot) ao grypical and cnemical, properties chide atoms of A fiery ederments one different qn Beet properties - AQL elements ane’ mode Up of, ‘drogen otom. Ihe Mass of, Yeovtests otsom fa bout Q5o mes the woss of Weigtorn and Ts modus %8 dbous 40 ~Bmes of. bhatt of- hydnogen ‘ Prom % etabfe ond eecrarcally oo. Reson, line of vote Adven Che dtgcover op electron Te was establiahed Chat atom can also be dyvided. Hence sche wooded. wag, not accepted -Pg-a “Thomson? s Q odell ok avon (ox Plurn-Fudditog, Tod | (Pwopoged by J-I. / Thorson ) a According, Xo This, model. arom t8 positively chosig ed agnore of riod tus of | onde 20-38 1 which electrons oe embeded.ag seeds ip edadenmexon - | —-% The positive chonge and he coho Le | ywass of Xe atom isu uinfoourn Ly disiatbutel k Lm aughouly Lhe spnere - | & Norell chonge, tn on oben “T ZENO-e 205 | acon tS ellectricolly, whieavall. Are | ©? @ SO prude gf. om woisk. , a, Toe apectnum of atoms, commey be explutred utn Xhe help of Wis rode - i % — Seorverking- of a particles: cans ke exiatned worth he hele of Unis wodell . ‘-_Rutherton a& Rrher Jon and Menge aul Lhe “scrbke ve pati yao ket qald ; co nest w The expentment Range part ts: shown eter Sk leak tou Lead ws, ne bas , Reseed oboe 1 th ~ SS ( 2600 za negelled \sek) 7. Secon. (Meneses) O= Yonge ang fe sgh fcc comme ee pon cles, ae deviated & Xp this e extmerit a keaw of- posttively changed, Elion pomides Cyeltum uch?) eas dleaed Lo fall on atm Fak of got of Micke && AAyxdAo FM .A zine guidefy-y (ama) geneen oak placect ne ‘ 2 * nee COQ Bins on the othe, Rte of the gold fork. This semeey wok movabYe 80 ASLO reciag re o-ponttiales gcabined fom the god, fol ak angles varying from Oto 230° | When an X-Pparticle strikes the soneen, | %H produces a floalr of Mgt and Tis, | dbsenved by microscope - | “The angle *9? bof the deviation of qe | pasticles From Hs. oxtgnal dine@ion 1. ale tes, geattentng ange © 67, | ; | Total nurdber of A-partticlles N’Ce) & ~ ~~ scattered ob angle 6 Cacaibtentng angle) Varies Q& a Ne) o& “alae on NICE) cose C410 /2:NO) yo (scattering angle ) Qhscula ais Mosk of the alice panki cles Paske& Xnnough gold foil without any deviation . 4 Some sh Ane 4- posticles, deviated neu) small onde - Few o&- ponticJes deviated Unough anges and about 4% 3000 OE, devioded by 430° (om metmace Its goth). Noe — devi ation’ ot deem ss same ned -rE ez 5-6 Coneluatov? 4 Most of Lhe space fh an atom fs empty. % & small positively. changed cone called, Nudeus is, present at certne of ctom. & Size of nucleus 18 ver aml, neoshy- sao wes. of the size of atom. co eee eee | } I 4, The veintmurn diebence be*ee'n The, nucleus (sation ay ) and d-corticle at which Whole” Kinetic energy of & postticses. ae coperecl tnto porenticl enengy, of aycctem is. knowb iPa-F as distance of Mose approach . » Ue WS denoted by. & me? Noo . Chonge ov) Bes eee X- porticle, x ie +e (« . Yo hol So A& m=o Va Wa YES PE (a) ee Maeve, = devo = \ (ae) e) Bil Mo ieee a | Ke coul. orgy’ KE = Kinestc ergy o- con Sto ponte Gs ao" c a» weed 2h oipmic 10 5 rs Ee 2 vd. of A -gartide ene ov K= Arteae ll ll Pong Note, Ne sene , KE 18 COMpeelely comeried mro porenviad eneng.- due Lo ‘of. yernce of electnomrtaie fonce-|. lilo: «Aa Tinpack Lananne te | 2 Tea Bre penpendicufon aisromce of sh wnittiah velocity, vector of “he 9 partiell | from he cenne of Hucled&- | pa kze™ cot [9/8 je ayo = acoentng, anghe = 4 y1ot et unit value of '¥ 35 reo : | k= = Arres z= own ENO Al via ae KE of a-posrticle, 7 n= MNOS 0 a pastiche y= Va: of ok particle —_ f 3Xe Ty @ (ty then cotee @) Rw Eb cor (SF! Sb will decrease BE OO)? cor) w= Le) he cayenne Le thpachy , on we can say Song et ange ce? smaller wit panaMeroe ) ax 8= ago® coupeys cotAe)=9 = 420 aciverfard model of aor Acconding *0 Awig model every. oto CONSIERE oy a Mny centaatl cone called nueva, whicl conbvains all of the atone positive chosge od ros of Bs. woass (4.924, 4, The radius of nucheus 1s of. the onden of | 4923 m ond thot of atom AS of. Xhe orden,ae ll ll of 10-70™m . Theenefone, nucleus occuptes, a gall portion of ache availattle space, % The eSectnons occury Ae space outside re wucleus + since an ator 15 eleccrtedll neutral, che positive chosge on nucYeuss iN equal > He negative choage of the eleccrons - A EXecknons. ane noe stationany luc nevalle onound he tucleus ty cincillost poth ond once of atsnacttoy berween elecononc i ond khe nudewS pnovidesd necessosy centmiperal dosce + nevollving. electsons. 6g dhasge, on electnen) Vv. Se= Chonge on nude ye Seneast’ velo eleckson Wwe Know that? Ze = soa yer force acing: WoorGs CenreYene 5 c —--- ngs 472 - ge drrance between ellectaon & nucleus. F= K(zeye DON WerrOhmunea rot Bon K2e* 2 hove a Se =o? SL unite eB covdomb’s. constant Liemttons. ow Dnaubock of Uris model A bs could enrphonn Sab Ary of ator . » According, * Monwell aleceromagne tic wave, ‘eos acc Hero charge pastiche sadiokes, energy, 9S Efedisomagnetic ave (enw). A Aa. pen Rudherfond’s atomic modd. elecdson navodves ancund Ane nucleus under. constant= accclenatfor) ame Uenefone 4 should oxtg| ounly Loose CHOY, « Due to Enis Continous, | Loas of- eneng Y- elecdinom wil take spirage path ard cord fall wito nucleus. AS 0, ade | aten ox al cola se 4 nus. ® schesifo ds | atomic model. could, nok upon stabs. of atom - ax couldnt enplam dracnette naune of Hydsogen epecwIOe 4. Dunning, anos » gptnallang- ; the dectaank, | angular freguencl- cominuousl 1 Tors, fs x neaulc elecFenon's wilh nadiate Beco magneric Caves of olf. frequenctes Le Une /apecAUM of. “~chese wave iid betcon nvous née “of EHAgE I NATE becquse of continuous Loak of energy Bu euperiments shows Yt an oto ” emits Qine spectro and each Line comeseonds tn o postielast frequency / waveleng Am - “thus, RutherPond’s mode false bo enpdan Discneke 9 ecto, Janes. 0 %-03- 05.3030 Boha’s atomic, toodel. TX was fanat atomic ynodel which avcces fully explained Hy dotoge spectaum (het? Why nis modell 36 populost): Tia model was developed fon, Hydrogen on tH-Sake ote - Wy drogenic atom one & austen @----2 oxntinier ger?ll: a » € , + OR) Thre Model WAS eiphatved yn 3 ep & | ; | catled portulates + | ce 4. Dusting. nevolution of electron wound Me nuclers w ainculast onbit, the coulommb?s ponce of atmaction on debe | ts balanced by, Ye centsrfu gel fore acting. ont - | i] 4 i Fe =eheco vec force peneya Sag Fey Yef= carn Fuge foreSeeezie. = ive Sees st Pea In genera we can oni te Sys kee™ a) fon wi? onbile 07% rina kee ny Qnd. postulate Bohn obgewed nat evolving. electrons (e6) onound vucleus have Some specific value of angular wonjentun - Fallecinons nevodve only. tn those specific omits i which angulan momentum of aS quantized « E.©s, L=mVWsy= n (2) ye y anguder. amore yy OAM ine, ombitwy wth obi b om [rn An} (2 | { 2) | | Ww onbil | \ne speed of) Q J ® nadtus of wore: Ae Stable onbit anor hheleyg jp one fort which both eqr® k® ane gatiafiect. ¥ Leask positive angulos ynomentinn of. e- com be Sb’ Cai) ards Lostulorte, | Th & Sableonbor energy. of cleckoon | sematht constant: . Eng Y. of c charge, when Pormake.s a roray ation fois one abr (energy, Revel’) to onodhien. Gudh eramatons oe. HSan eoA® Chat means “chee 18 NO ime Rog. Leroeey) Lhege Amansition’) and qnvo We quantaed enanggieS IH fon of eRec tromagnetic2 a nadi®arions photons - hig equation ev plains thar energy changes Ygike & place For ane only. ahen He makes a-cnanaition : When e- makes a transition from Qower state iv higher state Pe absonbs enemgy ond whe & makes -cnansition from yi ner gtaie to Yow state, th yelleases enengy. beth foam of EM nad iatrons proton & - Radius of We Accon dt, als osbit orbit ih Bobs. model ~ postulate for neWe can ws ke a y= Kee y So on sme Kees —(2) wen” Acconding- \n Qe Postlate fan nth oni vn ty = iO => ype 2) | aw)! Using- p@®@ WO 7 ee have Tip = Dee 0 nw mM (eR, ) > rpe Kee rs mi a > Dae Ao | 7a Sain 3. Sq ee. ze ™Jy nNy= Nhe bo \i en), i ene Mas Mass of ellectmen 2= atomic no. = onbit no. be = nac\ius of onbt + Com Penmmbcdivety of free &pace= gs ear Coulors consi Wn Ge n Aho n 2. pe 2 Un ulqher) a im Peers 2.42 x ame Thus \h can be woAtnen as Vo = RAB xd? eS |Nl o= 229x105 mS. Pa un | Vo= eS Se) shows thet ellecnon in toner of H-atom has the highest : veloctay 18 also knoon as 7s, velocity. Wig velootty is qgpronimatdy equal, peak km AS Now, Sie \Vo= Vo =_- —_— > Vaz & Vino 5 $0, Vn Wnts 18 grag blo WaAe: ti ia gnae) Yoo Vin BEN h LA* yong Ta TR fyi. Find Yhe vadias of 148 todd ound side asain Boln t be vallid- a fon Lit ® Z=Hrground state > pod. Wow 5 wath g, y= Yio 0 fils = = Sloe ? WS Tle Xe Ono 0 K ee St anes" Vi) ~ 1.6 9M oy -OF- 05.2020 Angullast - ageed pf eile eon wy pn ih, Bohs’?s Model: ont > We ko rete Va mW See mtll lc te Qa () Stra 4 QO) ang ulosr Spe ed op en tn ot aonb tS give YN as woe Va = Vol olen Ne h7l] = Sig. ae Xo = No Zz, PR et om aa: ne Tris ne sult is VOW Tmpenant: Fon feat. Fon ecto) — = , a Sor fone | | > we Kaw that w= a4 af- 2°a ee Cc Q, So, nevo Who frequen y, (Omeor frequency) of & w WO onic TS g.tven ay hn => Woa— aw = Poe yh Vo. pak 2 3” an Sto” yn a ah 2 io ” Sse ha i > \4n oX ey Imeo stant nesul Jon Y-otom z= 1 pas | 7 we dso Know ent gone pore gsven OS cali 7G: So, dime geod of meyodurion of e i” wth onbit XS given ase Se 2 = Ae KE oe yy Vo ysarly = QWWo x ne Vo de> | [he Ne on | Vo = | Sos ai x ae “dn + Important result wae for featom zet 80, Th AN Cumentt due *d neve.liftion og- & 10 Ww gabit- sch Nolen =e dinectton 1S Vn opposite Gf flow s} on eleckrong- er as& CT due +o nevawation of- chan WW given Qe Os i * ene sg elecinoneé. Qo, Y= 3 i= Om Taey Xo revolution of er Q05 curme n> cue ah mH wen onbi oa AS oe Be efn 3 Tn= ets Vo — ae aT No oe a Bmpor-tanys nes Fon footer 2athis 93Magneric field at mucleus due % nevolytton of. a Why eh onbit | Vole. Tp IT cue rt 1 fw ina crretiar wine then magnetic fidd (6) at Ts centre ts given as me Mo sire? of 8 Vagmedticl freld \eongtant T= cavwrent ZFlootn nenadi as. of anculan lobe, In cage of atom nuckeus 43 at centne alin yy: 4 @™ 5¥ oy L Vole Hogneic moment [Magnetic igole moment of - S cuscleny Gunn Of cyycular Scop is giv usr Soop is given—as| _—_— = x M= 2A oe eS whene M= Nagnetic rm oment = cwnient- yo wih th Chr Bc <° n= radius Now , Ma yexic mome tye due %p TreVo lity a e- th Wiombite 18 gver_9% xy = ya Oly Vy 4 Mn -eskz*).| [>=is)" oye QTV 3 n= Mos eeeae 3 alas G Boh Magneton Magnett © moment ce ctor (Won H-Atke ye ten Mag a bar m/ h Aso, | Mo = Norte” ool Fee 48% onbit of om is called Boho m=Mass of & “n= Pi gne\? & consort x An alll Aosumulae | exgnesston n=onktte NO., 2= gtoumtc No- Ne Che = WENOYY — 0%-09,..05. 20ag “Total, enengy 92 energy. of elects i) wh onbtt ~ she electnon revo Wing. anournd the nucle us \yas both eSecjat & porenttal enengy (due bo Vrs positon (ith nese Xo Une Hucleus) and Kinetic ene7 ay (due Aa A motioy)-pe Total enen gy, of e ww wth Boe (SF given an = kntUn Now > Kinetic energy of. ef 8 owen ak a = AL mVn™ —_{A) Aso, we Know chat \wa> = Keser In oe => \OVn = ees ==) Ow Thus , 420m 7" ® &@® cx have Again 4 now ,porential eneng: g of O ey WM onbik 13 give Un =k Ge) Ee) on sn WM) onbtt &i >| Vieni \ )— oe Tw | Nol ya” By a: - 7 * v= ;9 hale Using, value of “Kn? & “Un? th eq” ©, We Vay @ n= Ke — Kee E kee oe | Thus we Cm see hak cea ckeet kno ker | in Arn & V= = eee “Tyg we omntve a a conchusion J Ynott En= Ve oe Kin. = «= for H-atom ,2= y= 413.6 eV re Also, we have studied that Ww = Ey Fo 9 Un= Qa Ey ath= a (a8 2) = » \\p= at azev he Jon H-atom cg So, [oe ate eV ta 3 yy Energy of dygeremt soc ast Jedi Prydrogente, oeunr gince, Energy of & fa given Qs Q in = eeN = w yeh onbttéos" a Po 2 oe fon Y=2; V3.e.448* encilted state hes onvit@ | N= -3AareV Qnd encited sxate | lit > or 2nd Babi ee Ca 5A greV = ed se. dad exaed al ane", U oy Ath on bit fon webs po 2 Pen 7 state E, =-13- Cae CN -onbit er 2- 33 areV seaq@ fon Net, (ie gth excited state pn orbit ie 3 |G -zevey Beio.ae =~ el a> : n=o0 0 [ee = +: - See J _oaez7e pop eee one a —__—_ aaa ~0.5427eV no 0.8527 eV ws 15227 Rpg? bed 40 | 43.62 | — | net 2 Since senengy of. ein om onbit ts a ey as Ep& sei oa 7 purnesta DIL & 1@ ON dvi phy C4 we have denomiyator ‘oy b Ene mete ie 42" ght aa) mes >yee R= RYO’ constant R= weds gyneeo © aula Value of ® 2.09%K107™ et 4 yor m-* Or y= 6.6 ao-3* Ok? pon aoe m) & a for 250 5 0te isi (Evi abomeny eV | a Ryn: hengy Find. Kin ett enengy 3 ele cen ostatic @ potential nergy ard oral ene y °f single ekectron 1 dod cuctted sbate of L372 octom-Some fwportont neslles aH eS. SU = tye h* zm 0, Bia: Jtaidt3*- —- Sly = ale = i ee of Ast: 48] 4 Since Anea of TH cireculor oobtt ty given Qt Ayn= A es ‘came 4 \ Arn & Sty" 1 SE cs So, [Au: haz Ao A= nec ec8 © 7 Hy Gnd the -natio of | the of Ast acted sankk of Ase. of onbit edectnon +o tk nen. of onbit of ground Devel fon Het4 ase enctied State “AN YR ley Grown State Ve Sa WoW; fee Aa = sla aad Ma = (nas) Bane or ea ALG <1 on simply parha= 4-96 $04 Meat fro Sle = e \in= Vo => Vy & Z aa ae we Cemtarpertak oeceleration 16 given as S09 cempouipe to acceleration af e7 a> WN) en onbit TS given X&On = Vy OW nN > WwW = Ve A) Sle > . DAyn tk Zire ne a [oo a Qo, Ou: Agi a3- ‘ ep s/mt i Note Momentuln < nario = avel mgto] Xe +: we ow Chat ar : La Wn & 2 z ye gules speed of erin wth onbt > [roa ee: - On= a2 :s wind *: Adgo, poo ai age nay rr a anbt £ > [gestae x vee Ele a ong dne quency Seed natto = narioeo ve: ye Ty be, Time pentod of e in We oabit Tas Tate ape wield: ene] Toa aan | camment due %o sje volution of rr) wn orbit 1. see etnilan ko 2d £ snato- oe ee angular rao nn enan of = in W onbit | sete fee, -. boca ge. . »| ke End aa piso, kn Az & Vow Zeco — = = Xo t Ya: Ea ea. SAS Us Ty Bee “ee a" 4 Note. — Ratio cart be negatty €- Which energy Devel of Laiplyc torizel boy Shum (Ber?) has the Sane check onbiad radius ag ther of 47 atale of hydrogen. Frag fon ground stare, of H-atom » net > Tus Now, fon Be = ee gms According. to aAeation Nay 3 Yo= Hot oe 4 4 [nea]09,06 .Q0a0 We Knew that r Ene -23-6 2 y) for nea Ean 71362 ey me & for n= Ne Ge -A3-6 Be eV Noo , if ey fumes fiom N=harte n=Ya, then tob change Vy Energy cot be as AGH Gpeba 3 | CE Saas (ae: A a3 62 eV eo Se ev) tori) Ue Sy. re a ors aie [ees “Aa lev aca 13.6 Nv 27 [ten A. Th* Nae— - on ' | re = Fre " [ae] Tho = 23-6 eV] fon H-atom, 2= +, then eu a [bE= Rc [4% | “See erm SE . lye 23.6 [4e- | AE = ABG Es 45 \ev| | rx poe 2 Nou, ife” Jurmps. gnomn Lower enepy Qevel “to higher energy Sevel then obson bs energy. y While when iv wo i yume from higher enengy Level to Qowen energy Level then tt cold” emty energy~~ SN a — 33 Ad ¢ HNO ee net ren. 3% ae AE= Rhe 2* | fea 4:\| emdtied a= Lowen ened, stole ene Igy a= Higher ras stote fox W-ato m4 Z=di 3H] BE Rhc [afte |. Beqiency ond woovelengtty of erntbied When em Jumps qo bighen obit on ennge Skate, S/n? to Lowen orbit on anen gy Stake ‘na? then entngy 48 ernitcted ain “the foam of nadiatiowy.;- = sf *? AE= Rhos [at 2. Ye Vis: A Led Jeuquency of. embed “oat be 4. then, fon H-atom 72> | 25 a A. ib Vs lta” Fe eshene , R=. Rydberg. constant & RS 240x407 Ww a % cwavelengeh of emtbred sad qaton e A, then,li ae N \ne \ » lac =. Ree2e Hil neal an Yas he a) a — Roo ee ae 14 Re | oe fon \J-okow y2at . Go, tea Rete “e ast is Pa i Ey: Deteurine the vaveleng th het hydrog en oxo Coifl emit tf bs & makes a tmanattion fiom ha=Po 2 eh AAAOT i or AgA? -F 4 y= 4950 x40) 490 igo < 100m ugs50 A 0-03 06.2049 Excrigtion ond Zontazation of an Mom a Excttotion =~ Inansittoy, of an & fh atom daom groriod sto (ae. Sad a iterate (9 o@e of enengy be erm.ae | 4 aonizotion- It ta the Azionsitton of fe fom on Sey) 0) nro (4219, Eppay) 4,2 anemoval) of e- fnorn robs otom by. absongton of | Crea a Fen excitaifon and tontzation of ay atom energy. can be Suppied bo an atom in tio Ways. t) 84 EM Podiation photon x) By colltston with other partichs. Eucttotton of. Atom opphy. Et! fleastion 4 Encttatton. will toe place only. if stche Glew neo a Be per eneng Peril tb SRE see an =nce trenegies 0hl .hClUa two ene oY Qevel. aie me Abo ond A Upho ton En-Ena “nen oniu g oa, pea 16) t CK CHERDOY) Cot occu)- AEs-a = €94)=C13-6) = 10-2eV AGa_9 = 1@151)-C42.6) = 18.05 AEs-y = (-0.95)- (43-6 )= 19.45 eV Dorizodion of Atom by. Ell nadiaten Hesston ofp Bam by pp an energy Qevel toto! enengy of ay e7 ts ~ve — Boundness - When the tat energy. becomes 0,2 will be free drorn nuclean attncinae I | aN a V-atom mw net, —o-13.6 eV ag, 13-6 eV enengy (by poten) iS supp sied 4d H-atom ote, & energy | hecomes 0 4 it wild make < fee om atom and atom {8 soNized 4 43.6 eV 48 called Binding. eneyy on ionizottor enetgy ‘Of e- Wheel 6 \W—otom - 4 Fon any onbit [TE gf e[Brmdtng, cheny “Lonuation ney 4 “dn d-atom , the ionization evegy ZY svt) onbikican be. given as Siz En = | Ey of et tn th state oii] - agae} L Joniz al Q See e\ > Ty ER13.¢ e\ EP OS-23.6) eV = a.4e\ When over EM nadiotian ehergy which tg mane thy SE of. ey an atom i supplred jthe excenn , energy. of. nadhatton® photon apll APpean ag KE op the .e jected 4 Re Gy = (Phoan \- ( Breding ) eneng YW ite ra,0%-G. 06.2030 QeerStotion of gn exced ator Pho =e. 107 ec = ait 8, = Ena -Ena 4 lower energy. Qevele ane mone stab Ne a8 com paned “tp higher eregy —0:35 eV -1.51eV 3.4 eV. rae eV Kg =18 ABV Abs-4 = 24a eV A&y 5 ep Dy. 6G eV Agy- a= 4-55eVa. = |= SPrectinal Lines emitted ky a Vong a So 2 po jee 6 35eV os oo a ——— -1.51ev 3 Ve —— -3.4eV _ = = “pa i eet, =13. FeV Za Bea) Fn (12.4 5eV) ea AGr-4 = 12.45 eV Possible poth of e~ fon dle-excRattoy, ub; Batya 3 photon 4 43 sats eis 2 photon ° 42, ak els a pho wor y fats ale AL photon EH on e~ 78 ected to th ener Qevell then total no. of possibsfe spectral Lines emPcted Sunting fs de-eucttation 13 given a& | N=a(n-9/- giver ox. [N= Tin-@ roatinoum no: of photons -emrbted by peatom. duntng. de-ecttadtion —— a ny =A, 88. Nn Nad Pee es ye n=3 nae ee =, net a.a5ev 43.745 eV Te e- 1K in WYP eneige fev A afer encttation nen «mar. 10 of photons amitted by an e~ 18 equ 0) “yon pea photons amniticd by an a ns SH} to as ore 28206-8000 Erenayp and wavelength of emitted mad tation - T¥. wovelengrh o ermitted nad | ie nen ere off ernttte Be— io sss aX rd be ho. ard Ne = AG=13. oat lee, bE ae " 4 - = Bi13. a) i] S) gG 1362474 a Hie Ms, bee ae 2[4° Ta wea Lh LO7*A 1a400 =tae A on is Av > gr Y cy td frequency of, of. ented not coy one proto” Rydberg, fonroula. Jon nodtodjon «ove= mole % Amnomsition fom a When OM e- haha then proton 24 rosy he 2 OE =13.62" a, ny DE= Grae Era a 4 4a Spee Sa I ne Fe a eS Re = 13.6eVCred = Ae 2 | ee O, y 7 [ae Aa\ wave pur) Is eyb ye wave Nurmben \\ ne. g coovellength pen unit Reng, . R= Rydbeng. constant = 14% 10o ie AQso, we can woitte Phston ee hf = hg= Rho 28] in fe] ape hea a 2.| | AE> lian 4 Note , Foo z=, Loto: a) TF rae fl cps (PA Tea 5.6 fon H-crbom P 4 fe | ae art Yn! ely f ; i | \F Re [a wel) - —- 0t-22.06.2000 Sectmall, getes of H-atom 4 Wher enteral enetgy. 18 supplied Jo \—otvorn g othe eectnon porns. from Lower ena stole “w higher ener ainte te H-atom is enced. y% Since, eucited skate 48 nob stale hence electmon stat. Ahene gor vey few second ond Finay. netum to Fee qnound abate - Now ,the ences of energy (Ie difference of enower of too. enengy svat) is nadtated tn the foxra. of sadiatons of differentThese differen” coave Lengy, cons ttute pectoral gentes- 4, The coavelens gth of differant mere aN given as wavelengr of- geries ( =) Lyanan series Ls 4] wren < jmp from higher ehengy Stole Cte Mas QS... 08 4 ) to ‘se, OU x We b= a) aay ne es fot un otek of-aadi ation2 Ime [Gash Syren Sve (S ——S rr hontests condlergt | )‘ A a) k eS qa a Lyman sentee Sree Tn UOrawiole neghn we of elec eno Wag. tt Peto Note EXectromagnettc epectnum Rh) JNO PER [R= VEU Rays | Yay Bader series [Ya 38] When e7 prs from higher A = @ a energy. etobe (re Age34o-- bo dst exctted state (i.e Ps=3) Aven Che sentes of nad iaticn } spectnal Qmes go obtatned 1 called Balmer Sentee . 2 The wavelength of differnt marker of- £ Balmer. gen teha Gs ‘Give n a& —— -fae Pe \an* Liestel| eNnene gna= Bits ast Babver Je (Domest wov dength ) Here ghar & Nae3 7 i-¢ 37%: » eae te a Lea > Lawtelh= 3s * uli ~3¢° oe Be 5 34 w cock Last: Balmer Mme | Series Smit kme Grose ‘ coovelargen Ree c eo \= beep el % Baler series (ane we the visible negion of alectnom agnetic apecinun- bene , Wea & Ne & - cyTa —— a. a foschem gentes. [ra 4] When en jumps from higher eel State Cie the 495) °° 2) to 82 excited state (te n2=3) Qhen the wertes of. nedradion/ spel Lines $0 obtained ws called fFaschem Rete, &% The coaveleng-thn of different Ime of Faschein genies. 18 given as, a Re where, Na=425 -. -.00 Ask AgrePaschem Sine Glorigentreconvclngtt ad Hee gna53_& Na=4 ve 4s a — at Se k\ =F Lae hs (44 | x 199'5a K SPs, eeSf » my et € Lost Paachen Ome (Sees Swit tthe (Sheest watery th) Hene Ma=3 ke oo 100? 3 GUN ees cl 2 ae et oor a= R es a[A=a\ w 9a048 Pagcrem sefies, ean the infrared eg ion of electaom agnebic Spectaun Bracket aentes Trrdl When e7 Jumps giom higher enngy grate Lie = 5759 - -..00) %o Bnd enucited stote (1.e ha =4) “chen Athe gentes oof nodtakton | spectoial Qrnes go CLAIR) 18 cabled Snacket goes, a a. Q Bnacket Sentes Qe aw the infrane| region of the electromagnetic apectum. R-dund garter. Tha 51! 4 When em jumps fiom higher energy slote Ue p=659. -. 20) bo 4h exc sted Soe. € a= 5) they dye getieS of padi abton/ spect Qme so cbedtned 18 called Pfu) sented . i The Loavellengen of different member of *his sertes 18 given a5 So Rial whare, he Sot-- Se dst Le CQongesk wavelength) 4, [6>5]a inne nya. —0 | 2 es A ie Gs 406 a\j= 400 Lost Sine [Senter Limit Pine (Shorten oo) \ a eae | er) 6 t= R(5 oa] c= ae % Pfund gente & also Qe in the infraned region of- eLecksomage spectnum - Moke RW /MWITRIR--¥] WI Xnays\) Yong —_——— ; ae ak vrai ble Poschem a) Bnacket CBaliner) fund ;a | rr | Aonizadion Patenttal CIF) s Eee 1.En = EP = 23-62" V \ re \antdtions. of Babw’s theory. 2 del Tha model 1s ony agedicable for singht electron ayste ms (we Han H- Qike atom). 2 “This thean cowldiy?+ erplain the fine sta dichine of &p ectsal Mines aw Khe H-atom: a This theory could? ' axpkam “the differ rce in the srtevnaitres. of emitted nodtations.Ge doesrt 4a ke trto a wave, Pro ponies © electrang. Mis, model doesn”s erp Sotin Lhe ombtta “ane Cty ri cle | elrptical orbits ONE CAO POSSI D- Fag, De- De-Bnog.he?s explonation od Lobwe second atelcte of quartscton ” Le yo = nh. omy Bonk And A postubte Aso, hecording, t>- Ae —Broghte A= D sobs IG = nv Nae yop rT ISS. 1.)eT” Se ISOOGF sah x d= 3A Swany, Qed > im aow \ RE cS Here , Reng of erncudan. orbtt * 2 TNs nA 2» qewen te nay > Arap(M Va yenn Wm Wop= iy on |lL= mvpsin= nb arr \ vu De Bnogfte gave an evrplanatoy Bohs and d postulare of ¥ | by. banging m wave portic. Ue duality. a “The onbits comesporcl 1 45 etnculey gtandeng Loaves Tn chtch the ctncumpornce the onbit equals AD 8 PIES. ooavelengtt fle Oroyend sn yn MVnIo= Nn 0 orI “es eondrye 1h LD. aie: Egyec' of Was of nualeun on Bon’s Mtowte Malad ren Rs o}. nucleus, yy yaag' of eo ¢ R04 ra Nac al Y we assum e Wate sevalves anoutd Whe nucleus (niet). if : 2b. \xope Ce sim 901 te pes e 4 3 Vaz Vo “7 Se B En= —Wei ez = Ens 13.627 / A] aes rae s i el But +1 srectlity & and puclar oth revo Nves onouncl their centse of mag Qe>, Sle ( \ { «2 ( i: ee ft ; es ey) \ =3 Reduced] S tga Reduced mass (M)’, N= MM. M+) m> Now, Ins Mo ee malas Me oho ,0= 0-58 = th en & ° Alone Mall Zz p change) ea9: h Posttmonilm 18 pure Or ke Ke Q Hea ator goth the proton sep laced | oY the Pes oe ee amt orttcle of the electnon Calle al the postte10n “wlth Th as magswear& rhe electron). What would be Lhe de aicte, enengy of. poattnontyn’? Cai} : x . 7 2 Eye 3.962% (ML) eV ene. Hes eu? = “yin x Y a= wevere 0% 29. 08.2020 aol V0 of emeission Qines ee ade Na vo Qo Cea 2: re WS eOtgy state Ma Chana] is. gnen by Caan(ne-Wnay2) 0 Siemens? + as Catcubob@ton of recoil s peed of atom on genission of a pootor_ Atom \pecoiSt m= noes of atom VoecoiQ= secoi speed Accosedi g, +o C0 Poxom= Fenster WANrewid = Energy, of eroitted eotov & *: Oneagy. of emrictted ehotonn co be AE - > W.\Vesewil = AE SG “(ans gl me |(ayene Abe the ve” tte he | c= Reed of Hoh MW fea Heaton , fon Amana tov) ced + y . [a lo, eV | Nnegora, = 20.eV WY). @ Cine YmaKs of Voto Nooo , \-Enecond, arom am necoll Kthedic m= nage of atm ennen ty Poon momentuyn of abw 4. The necro) aeced| of a H-olam often % amte son) th gong, fy 2B Ag nedts : a photon | yoing, pom N25 Ao neds mis. > Al 13.6% (4 6 f 126 X84 oV a_ 4.138 me* collision aasume that the Joss ! energy of system is possivle only -J i can eache os ionise- cz jn Kinetic energy dusty dhe callliston be used to excite the atom on electron ne Seydl Fo ancthen- peared warm ot nest 19 KY out state a pect move \jnead allision inet will be the Tyee of coMdtston, ipk= o-4ey,ageV & Quavev- 4c jinelaste | eaperes inelastic) + A \le knew that tf Boa =0 shen cofliaiov F mK ; 0 dy < Le gos& k-E 1s Tantnuwi tat i cb) hen colligton will be Pé ufo wy ey, “ ‘ fj an care of eft fee | fectily Welasltc, CMa to Ri-alow apd Wove logeiye heute) In ke wlll op tet co Qstoyy avd Yoas ( mantimuyy Bef fone colfaton Dams ) Cm "0 sy’ k= sem y* For any, ailision momentum wD be congenved - Go, Aep Ly C.0.M Smv+0 = amv > v=V/a Now, yor” Donal Mk.E= ki-ke =dimye- dmv Aft en co bisigg { 4 (amy? =2 aa poe Os a. = 5 nv 7 Nos = 4 ftmve\= K/2 loss mar Z (Rm ) />» yor” Lose WH enen F weeks ‘tH eid be KIA. Case—*. Th k=14ev oy > LOSS may= FeV Hone , AE= eV iy 5 So, collision coil be a Si elastic. a 4 Cosee & Fykeaotey OF O| ~ 3 Loss MA=10.QeV So, AE = To, 20. aed efagttc penfectly colliston wnelastic Case 3 TP Ke AaeV S Nessie atte’ So, 8E = (0, 40-0 2 EHO eV elastic collision 5 AE- 40.2 > inelastic colltsion Cage} EP k= 4.48 eV > Ross man = 42:09 eVc— ———_—ll SDE = (pao. ae 13.0 evs elastic inelastic perfect Ly inelostz, collision collltston cotston A Moving, H-atom makes a head on cok corbh a Stationary, 4-atom - Befane coMltsign both atoms one in ground etate and atte collision they move teqether. Whot athe 7 minimum value of Kinetic eney y. of the ) moving. H-atom, auch Ghat one of ae ator | neaches one of the enciled state © Ans20.4ev ae pete) Het Jon att net th m k, Gao k=yyy> 2 head on cotlistov ay a Loss in K.E will be maw Chen after coltayon neutmoy aad Het ron cota move togethen 4Before co Mision =imv* gene AepSytng, c.0.M ,we have mv+0= Be’ > Bp/=MhV 9 vl=v/5 Nou, wre \ Tk ws w, Man” Doss in K-E Ermv (E(B VS = A eee en ae Lx AON o %) = Srv (je + rast zg mre > mau Qoss ty k-E = AKISa Sy nv ) » © Nuctear struck y Te tve Change © enn M285 Of alone —_Conconbalea ak ts (onke Coled — Nucleus , ) DE AanN enki (ONLI, 5 Yael 10m i p- ie ate thi di i pe EG orn ae At Oo > Nuclew» —> pinhead > > do fh's chapter we _wol'll Stidy —_ pprepettien of Nucl’, > Such ty Mei, Srze , mass and Stabby and abo > nucleo phenomena Sueh 4» radtoachiuty , frson il and fusion Bt ames 2 Es _— LOST 005 Chr a ee >> , Alu cleus rs “made up af prtotors © a > Cotlod _nencleons. 2. «: ~ Bron: @ Sib otomre _panhrete - a —@ ohne = te = po 0 [ms SD Mass = 6426 ekg. Lamy . PS mbol A (Ftydigjen Ducks — Ipoh ) 2 : oS z = ; Moss a : ma @) Neutrons! CO) Subetn ten penbite a —- . @ chong = ne. ie aM 5 ee , Mass = [67149 x10°°F kp © Lamy > Samet COM ali apne )“e flfomic No (2) Ond Mass No (D____ a2 a6 Bs seit pate Z ops i 1% + Akon an elena? whose nucle’ have Shoe Ato -y prety. — (Canons) oe Spee bub diff’ no of neuen. = Aled learns —>(Atm nek) oo — _ Alkorniic_No- (2) Mass Ato CA): Neo rude rE _____= No:of pasty ¢ Alo:of neutroy Fife Mas Passa (4a amu) mp + Mint pre Ye of teh tobe —__ Mass oj tet ts4hpe Pee Bence eee¢ Giloulake Avg. Ay SE SUES —teobeper hang Mass no 3¢' and 3% ase fend tne Mah KY and 2872 a) 11-38 ame BSS omy ng eae tps 32 4(es. ExT = Ct = 35-6 31 amu dy 75 amu © Density. ES assumes be be appraxinols olurms of Nutter oc Aon) Puc fasicte ut (A) Fractions) Arie (Masi > Better 9) Shade SPS pas a * __1n Considerar Fnound. xR a A w a % #Chasaclertsc a) ohraant 3 [ex ae] sf a 5 ea = , eae + Tsobares Akoms_ 4 Aiffimb elemtn? Whe _nuck Go (Ay aye Sacto: 9) nuclear but diffucotecon en tei aa yeaa ho 2 > a aL od Fea maT i 5 ee Uy toned) npg TESTOR “He Nuctens Densifys fe independia® 2) Mase neA) SE 1s Some Ye nudled ay all my. 2. Fr unskelt muslide gaia Shabby toy _eonting eecfonbtte oF fife “and Y= ones. ‘ “Wha_cfonioneas Crakesion of —~paslle OR pups sie Caled — “Rls “aaaly ye (BE Hearne Phan Pah ooh (2s Bs KL0F DM ABt Kgl? gt sontceca Ks Re Rate ry Sntenbrati Radio ackuity ie 9 Alutleon fheromenon Cmplekly “diff fom Arohnian Physics - © Jt is unafitden change in. pusanune 1 Troperaln Othe res vata ‘i ae = Kadoartin'ty (aay distevered aacetdently by, Heory Geequirer “in 1996 rohan Ke tao fovurihin duneia Sue. oz! 9 cohen ta_cewelopes pro Groptic ple, hs funolExarnple s_i¢ a, i 5S wees Mas_afie > mass diboptaa: in every Niuean Stata peppene 80. the clefir (0), f-amer Enenpy ino Detay / a a sted pracat_alueler . Mass clefict = Ar = Mgvartnt — Mi pneducr sees Am = [re — (inet ry) ] = in Mey nau “3 —Momen tien Corser voring 3 [a | | op i KE, 5 Qery see Rest mass Cin amu)? 0: 938.058. Xi le : 002, Fiat) Y D_KEy x - ee i a ae Dee ent) ares a Spay Ftheg© BT cletay :—> etectro emission _( a = trni'ted op panhdle ie Radtivnchushy 10 A Nuchor_pAmamenen — Thea, Hoa * AB [etechos) axe emitted 2 Guae_are_no_eleshon _") 17 nucle. Achsally : 0 qrulron -Govub h _ fiveha __& in Ints proces nae ee a a Rf Ataens ke fat pase ma Be Sore o- fia cast opis BERS by poate dloutghlec_nucled x eee gee_any cai ee To Corgoe Greugy 2 Anbinewhino 19 Cryer — Ey etal ra= ate Pas © Astin euro fink: poahits of ntubning 1) hos ne charge (neutral) e€ Dias Ae Eee i VD) Trove —Aluetea Prune t's only Neshon B frroion Ph ee } i fio $8 [pasthon ie) 10_erntea form _nxaleea —_— - t A_putotn 1¢ Gnvriled fo a Nethon thse hatlesn 9a prsion 1s Cataled.WH Cleekon Gphe — feay Mader Eo “i rt beta “Fo_guouna ab Cals) f — aaa afin ma © Qimehimes aha Pt dy is cif elechan Cop ture. ee Waren te i ®_A prcin in Niclas Salles 9) Gmeuty —fp__Deukon eee ae ran Pre —maibacve Lhe ex =é = sea missin -oj_ree nip.) —_ond0._bea (2) by SP pant Te _18bfope XX wahitn realy UABecay NS 2 EPS 0) ey KEE SOE asl aaa ok a wees we per anew i ae e aaa eae as Olnietoane oss “indsigass a Seal Spd actensiag fa me Scheme OW at Uke the ereagy level clifeat_—tany leeh 9 i